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1,641 results for “similarity”
Molecular dynamics simulations reveal the selectivity mechanism of structurally similar agonists to TLR7 and TLR8
<p>Trajectory, topology and index files for TLR7 (apo), TLR7-R, TLR7-H, TLR7-G, TLR8 (apo), TLR8-R, TLR8-H, TLR8-G systems. </p>
Histological and life history data for small-bodied mammals from: Multituberculate mammals show evidence of a life history strategy similar to that of placentals, not marsupials
<p>The remarkable evolutionary success of placental mammals has been partly attributed to their reproductive strategy of prolonged gestation and birthing of relatively precocial, quickly weaned neonates. Although this strategy was conventionally considered derived relative to that of marsupials with highly altricial neonates and long lactation periods, mounting evidence has challenged this view. Until now, the fossil record has been relatively silent on this debate, but here we find that proportions of different bone tissue microstructures in the femoral cortices of small extant marsupials and placentals correlate with length of lactation period, allowing us to apply this histological correlate of reproductive strategies to Late Cretaceous and Paleocene members of Multituberculata, an extinct mammalian clade that is phylogenetically stemward of Theria. Multituberculate bone histology closely resembles that of placentals, suggesting that they had similar life history strategies. That a stem-therian clade exhibits evidence of placental-like life histories supports the hypothesis that intense maternal-fetal contact characteristic of placentals is ancestral for therians. Alternatively, multituberculates and placentals may have independently evolved prolonged gestation and abbreviated lactation periods. Our results challenge the hypothesis that the rise of placental mammals was driven by unique life history innovations, and shed new light on early mammalian diversification.</p>
Distances, climatic differences, and vegetation similarities of alpine grasslands in Europe
<p>The importance of environmental difference among sites and dispersal limitations of species to the explanation of diversity differs among biological systems and geographical regions. We hypothesized that climate and then dispersal limitation will predominantly explain the similarity of alpine vegetation at increasing distances between pairs of regions at sub-continental extent. We computed the similarity of all pairs of 23 European mountain regions below 50°N after dividing the species lists of each region by calcareous or siliceous substrates. Distance decay in similarity was better fitted by a cubic polynomial than a negative exponential function, and the fit was better on calcareous than on siliceous substrate. Commonality analysis revealed that the proportion of explanation of beta diversity by climatic difference had unimodal patterns on a gradient of increasing distance between regions, while explanation by dispersal limitation had consistently rising patterns on both substrates. On siliceous substrate, dispersal limitation explained more of the variation in beta-diversity only at longer distances, but it was predominant at all distances on calcareous substrate. The steeper response to distance at <1600 km and >2600 km may indicate dispersal limitation at different temporal scales, and the uptick in the response to distance at the longest distances may reflect how isolated some regions have been before and since the Last Glacial Maximum.</p>
A strong statistical link between aerosol indirect effects and the self-similarity of rainfall distributions
<p>Supporting data for "A strong statistical link between aerosol indirect effects and the self-similarity of rainfall distributions". Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1–17, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1-2022.</p>
Subspecies and Distribution. M.s.swillaTemminck,1840—MalayPeninsula(includingLangkawiI),Borneo,Suma-tra,Java,andthePhilippines(Luzon,Cebu,Mindanao,andPalawanIs). M. s. canescens Thomas, 1923 — Nias I, off W Sumatra. Apparently also in C Sulawesi, Peleng I, and New Guinea because these specimens are similar to this speciesin size, although they were originally identified as the Flores Tube-nosed Bat (M. florium). These records are not mapped here. in Vespertilionidae
Subspecies and Distribution. M.s.swillaTemminck,1840—MalayPeninsula(includingLangkawiI),Borneo,Suma-tra,Java,andthePhilippines(Luzon,Cebu,Mindanao,andPalawanIs). M. s. canescens Thomas, 1923 — Nias I, off W Sumatra. Apparently also in C Sulawesi, Peleng I, and New Guinea because these specimens are similar to this speciesin size, although they were originally identified as the Flores Tube-nosed Bat (M. florium). These records are not mapped here.
Subspecies and Distribution. M.g.guilleniSoisooketal.,2013—Penin-sularThailand. M. g. nicobarensis Soisook et al., 2013 — Nicobar Is (Tillangchong, Bompuka, Camorta, Trinket and Great Nicobar); individuals similar to this species were also captured on Teressa, Katchal, and Nancowry Is. in Vespertilionidae
Subspecies and Distribution. M.g.guilleniSoisooketal.,2013—Penin-sularThailand. M. g. nicobarensis Soisook et al., 2013 — Nicobar Is (Tillangchong, Bompuka, Camorta, Trinket and Great Nicobar); individuals similar to this species were also captured on Teressa, Katchal, and Nancowry Is.
One of the first cryptic mammal species discovered, when it was separated from the morphologically similar R. tumida (= R. bickhami) based on karyological studies. Karyotype of 2n = 42 of R. genowaysi is identical to that observed in R. velilla, but these species are genetically distinct; their ranges do not overlap. R. genowaysi is morphologically very similar to other species within the R. tumida complex and is sympatric with R. bickhami (2n = 34). Monotypic. Distribution. Two nearby localities in Pacific lowlands of S Chiapas, S Mexico. in Vespertilionidae
One of the first cryptic mammal species discovered, when it was separated from the morphologically similar R. tumida (= R. bickhami) based on karyological studies. Karyotype of 2n = 42 of R. genowaysi is identical to that observed in R. velilla, but these species are genetically distinct; their ranges do not overlap. R. genowaysi is morphologically very similar to other species within the R. tumida complex and is sympatric with R. bickhami (2n = 34). Monotypic. Distribution. Two nearby localities in Pacific lowlands of S Chiapas, S Mexico.
German Argument Similarity dataset (GerArgSimilarity)
<p>This is the German-language argument similarity dataset accompanying our paper titled <em>Argument Similarity Assessment in German for Intelligent Tutoring: Crowdsourced Dataset and First Experiments</em> (to be presented at LREC 2022). It consists of 2940 argumentative pairs of text snippets in German which are annotated for argument similarity on a scale from 0 (<em>no similarity</em>) to 4 (<em>high similarity</em>). The snippets cover arguments on 3 discussion topics. Please refer to the paper for details.</p>
Code for Atmospheric Research publication - Height correction method based on the Monin–Obukhov similarity theory for better prediction of near-surface wind fields
<p>In this repository, we include the source codes for WRF namelist, figures, and height correction used in the Atmospheric Research publication "Height correction method based on the Monin–Obukhov similarity theory for better prediction of near-surface wind fields"</p> <p>The namelist.wps and namelist.input in WRF namelist are using for making input and running simulation, and Fig scripts in Figure scripts are using for plotting the figures in the paper.</p> <p>hgt_corr in Height correction method is a code to correct the disparity of the 10-m height definition between the model and observation by applying the developed the height correction algorithm based on the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory.</p>
Amplicon_sorter: a tool for reference-free amplicon sorting based on sequence similarity and for building consensus sequences
<p>Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) is a third-generation sequencing technology that is gaining popularity in ecological research for its portable and low-cost sequencing possibilities. Although the technology excels at long-read sequencing, it can also be applied to sequence amplicons. The downside of ONT is the low quality of the raw reads. Hence, generating a high-quality consensus sequence is still a challenge. We present Amplicon_sorter, a tool for reference-free sorting of ONT sequenced amplicons based on their similarity in sequence and length and for building solid consensus sequences.</p>
Assessing Word Similarity Metrics for Traceability Link Recovery - Evaluation Dataset
<p>This dataset includes all data that was used for the evaluation of my bachelor's thesis:</p> <p><em>Assessing Word Similarity Metrics for Traceability Link Recovery</em></p> <p>The following files correspond to the following data sets from the evaluation:</p> <ul> <li>cc-en-300.tar.gz corresponds to fastText's cc.en.300.bin embedding</li> <li>crawl-300d-2M-subword.tar.gz corresponds to fastText's crawl-300d-2M-subword.bin embedding</li> <li>wiki-news-300d-1M-subword.tar.gz corresponds to fastText's wiki-news-300d-1M-subword.bin embedding</li> <li>wordnet.tar.gz corresponds to the WordNet 3.1 semantic network</li> <li>sewordsim.tar.gz corresponds to SEWordSimDB's vector similarity database</li> <li>glove_cc_840B_300d.tar.gz corresponds to GloVe's CC vector embedding</li> <li>glove_wikigiga_300d.tar.gz corresponds to GloVe's 300 dimensional WIGI vector embedding</li> <li>glove_wikigiga_200d.tar.gz corresponds to GloVe's 200 dimensional WIGI vector embedding</li> <li>glove_wikigiga_100d.tar.gz corresponds to GloVe's 100 dimensional WIGI vector embedding</li> <li>glove_wikigiga_50d.tar.gz corresponds to GloVe's 50 dimensional WIGI vector embedding</li> <li>glove_twitter_200d.tar.gz corresponds to GloVe's 200 dimensional TWTR vector embedding</li> <li>glove_twitter_100d.tar.gz corresponds to GloVe's 100 dimensional TWTR vector embedding</li> <li>glove_twitter_50d.tar.gz corresponds to GloVe's 50 dimensional TWTR vector embedding</li> <li>glove_twitter_25d.tar.gz corresponds to GloVe's 25 dimensional TWTR vector embedding</li> <li>eval_results.tar.gz contains the detailed evaluation results for each configuration of all measures</li> </ul> <p>The licenses of all data sets are included in their respective files.</p> <p>Some of these data sets are .sql files. To use these files to reproduce the evaluation, they need to be imported into a sqlite3 database. The version of ArDoCo used for the evaluation is only able to work with sqlite3 databases and not with sql files.</p>
Distribution. Obi, Bisa, and Obilatu (= Obi-Latoe) Is in the NC Moluccas, Indonesia. Descriptiveor notes. Head-body 36-39 cm, tail 30-33.5 cm; weight 1.1-1.4 kg. The Obi Cuscus is a relatively small cuscus (condylobasal length 65-69 mm). Skull of the Obi Cuscus is similar to that of the Moluccan Cuscus (P. ornatus) and the Gebe Cuscus (P. alexandrae), and it bears a prominent diastema between incisor and canine but is smaller than those species and has smaller teeth. The Obi Cuscus has two color morphs: orange-brown or gray dorsal fur with dark underfur. Ventral fur is white to yellow. Dark dorsal stripe extends from head to mid-back or rump. in Phalangeridae
Distribution. Obi, Bisa, and Obilatu (= Obi-Latoe) Is in the NC Moluccas, Indonesia. Descriptiveor notes. Head-body 36-39 cm, tail 30-33.5 cm; weight 1.1-1.4 kg. The Obi Cuscus is a relatively small cuscus (condylobasal length 65-69 mm). Skull of the Obi Cuscus is similar to that of the Moluccan Cuscus (P. ornatus) and the Gebe Cuscus (P. alexandrae), and it bears a prominent diastema between incisor and canine but is smaller than those species and has smaller teeth. The Obi Cuscus has two color morphs: orange-brown or gray dorsal fur with dark underfur. Ventral fur is white to yellow. Dark dorsal stripe extends from head to mid-back or rump.
Linking camera-trap data to taxonomy: Identifying photographs of morphologically similar chipmunks
<p>Remote cameras are a common method for surveying wildlife and recently have been promoted for implementing large-scale regional biodiversity monitoring programs. The use of camera-trap data depends on the correct identification of animals captured in the photographs, yet misidentification rates can be high, especially when morphologically similar species co-occur, and this can lead to faulty inferences and hinder conservation efforts. Correct identification is dependent on diagnosable taxonomic characters, photograph quality, and the experience and training of the observer. However, keys rooted in taxonomy are rarely used for the identification of camera-trap images and error rates are rarely assessed, even when morphologically similar species are present in the study area. We tested a method for ensuring high identification accuracy using two sympatric and morphologically similar chipmunk (<i>Neotamias</i>) species as a case study. We hypothesized that the identification accuracy would improve with use of the identification key, and with observer training, resulting in higher levels of observer confidence and higher levels of agreement among observers. We developed an identification key and tested identification accuracy based on photographs of verified museum specimens. Our results supported predictions for each of these hypotheses. In addition, we validated the method in the field by comparing remote camera data with live-trapping data. We recommend use of these methods to evaluate error rates and to exclude ambiguous records in camera-trap datasets. We urge that ensuring correct and scientifically defensible species identifications is incumbent on researchers and should be incorporated into the camera-trap workflow.</p>
Anatomical similarity annotations v0.2
<p>The anatomical similarity annotations are used to define evolutionary relations between anatomical entities described in the Uberon ontology. The annotations are currently focused toward the concept of historical homology, meaning that they try to capture which structures are believed to derive from a common ancestral structure. These annotations follow practices similar to the Gene Ontology consortium guidelines to capture evidence lines. Each statement about homology is captured as a single annotation, providing reference, UBERON or Cell Ontology term to capture the anatomical entity, NCBI Taxonomy term the ancestral taxon, ECO term the evidence type, and Confidence Information Ontology term the confidence in the annotation.</p>
FIGURE. Distribution of Dicorynia. Physical map of the Amazonian region with all analyzed specimens of Dicorynia. A large amount of point overlays leading to reduced number of visible points is due to the large percentage of materials being old collections that rely only on the name of the municipality or similar. Source: NASA with modifications. Note that almost all specimens are contained in areas with less than 200 m high and the high elevations of the Guiana shield may represent a form of isolation between the two species. in A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae)
FIGURE. Distribution of Dicorynia. Physical map of the Amazonian region with all analyzed specimens of Dicorynia. A large amount of point overlays leading to reduced number of visible points is due to the large percentage of materials being old collections that rely only on the name of the municipality or similar. Source: NASA with modifications. Note that almost all specimens are contained in areas with less than 200 m high and the high elevations of the Guiana shield may represent a form of isolation between the two species.
FIGURE 18 in Thalictrum cuonaense (Ranunculaceae) is merged with the Himalayan T. reniforme, with notes on its morphologically similar species
FIGURE 18. Thalictrum diffusiflorum in the wild (China, Xizang, Nyingchi). A. Habitat. B. Flowering plant. C. Fruiting plant. D. Portion of stem. E. Leaf (abaxial side). F. Flower. G. Sepals (abaxial side). H. Stamens. I. Carpels. J. Aggregate fruit. K. Achenes (immature). A‒C: photographed by Y.P. Zeng; D‒K: photographed by W.Q. Fei.
FIGURE 15 in Thalictrum cuonaense (Ranunculaceae) is merged with the Himalayan T. reniforme, with notes on its morphologically similar species
FIGURE 15. Thalictrum chelidonii in the wild (China, Xizang, Gyirong). A. Habitat. B. Habit. C. Bulbils in leaf axils. D. Young leaf (abaxially sparsely pubescent). E. Leaf (adaxial side). F. Leaflet (left: adaxial side; right: abaxial side). G. Inflorescence. H. Flower (front view). I. Sepal (abaxial side). J. Stamens. K. Carpels. L. Aggregate fruit. M. Achenes (immature). Photographed by Y.P. Zeng.
FIGURE 16 in Thalictrum cuonaense (Ranunculaceae) is merged with the Himalayan T. reniforme, with notes on its morphologically similar species
FIGURE 16. Thalictrum chelidonii in the wild (China, Xizang, Dinggye). A. Habitat. B. Inflorescence. C, D. Bulbils in leaf axils. E. Leaf (left: adaxial side; right: abaxial side). F. Leaflet (left: adaxial side; right: abaxial side). G. Flower (front view). H. Sepal (abaxial side). I. Stamens. J. Carpels. K. Aggregate fruit. L. Achenes (immature). Photographed by Y.P. Zeng.
FIGURE 17 in Thalictrum cuonaense (Ranunculaceae) is merged with the Himalayan T. reniforme, with notes on its morphologically similar species
FIGURE 17. Holotype sheet of Thalictrum tamurae (A) (inset a: flower; inset b: aggregate fruit) and a specimen at BM, F. KingdonWard 22748 (B), from the type locality of T. tamurae, i.e. Mt. Victoria in central-western Myanmar, but identified as T. chelidonii (inset a: flower; inset b: aggregate fruit).
FIGURE 14. A in Thalictrum cuonaense (Ranunculaceae) is merged with the Himalayan T. reniforme, with notes on its morphologically similar species
FIGURE 14. A specimen of Thalictrum neurocarpum, i.e. M.P. Edgeworth 1053 (K) (A, B), from northwestern India, based on which the description of T. menthosma, a name never validly published, was made by Stocks in handwriting.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.