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Fig. 2 in Phenotypical plasticity and homoplasy complicate species delimitation in the Cladonia gracilis group (Cladoniaceae, Ascomycota)

Fig. 2 Phylogeny of the Cladonia coniocraea and C. ochrochlora complex. 50% Majority rule Bayesian tree based on ITS rDNA, IGS, RPB2 and EF1-α. Branches supported with posterior probability ≥0.95 and bootstrap>70% are indicated in bold. Bootstrap value>70% for MP/ Bootstrap value>70% for ML/posterior probability>0.95 for Bayesian analysis at branches

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Fig. 3 in Species delimitation in Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae) from Southwestern Mexico, in light of reproductive and climatic diversification

Fig. 3 Line drawing of microsporophylls. A C. vovidesii, B C. matudae, C C. alvarezii, D C. mirandae, E C. norstogii. Scale bar = 1 cm

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Fig. 6 in Species delimitation in Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae) from Southwestern Mexico, in light of reproductive and climatic diversification

Fig. 6 Co-inertia analysis of five species of Ceratozamia in Soconusco. A Vegetative characters. B Reproductive characters for pollen plants. C Reproductive characters for ovulate plants. Circles indicate

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Fig. 5 in Species delimitation in Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae) from Southwestern Mexico, in light of reproductive and climatic diversification

Fig. 5 Phenotypic variation in quantitative characters. A Vegetative characters. B Reproductive characters for pollen plants. C Reproductive characters for ovulate plants

Fig. 7 A in Is scale's structure still a good character to delimitate species of Amoebozoa? case of the genus Korotnevella (Amoebozoa, Dactylopodida)

Fig. 7 A region of cell coverings of critical point dried cell showing scales of Korotnevella sp. 3 (A) and Korotnevella limbata (B). SEM. Abbreviations: DS, dish-shaped scale; Fi, filaments; LB, latticework basket; PF, perforated rim; R, rim. Scale bars = 0.1 μm

Fig. 2 in Is scale's structure still a good character to delimitate species of Amoebozoa? case of the genus Korotnevella (Amoebozoa, Dactylopodida)

Fig. 2 Light micrographs of Korotnevella sp. 1 (A–F), Korotnevella sp. 2 (G–K), K. hortobotanici sp. nov. (L–P), and Korotnevella sp. 3 (Q–V). Locomotive forms in a Petri dish, phase contrast (A–D, G, H, L–N, Q–S). Nucleus, DIC (E, I–K, O, P, T, U). Cyst, DIC (F,

Fig. 1 in Is scale's structure still a good character to delimitate species of Amoebozoa? case of the genus Korotnevella (Amoebozoa, Dactylopodida)

Fig. 1 Korotnevella leshevi sp. nov. Light (phase contrast (A–C) and DIC (D, E)) and electron micrographs (critical point dried cells, SEM (F), and whole mounts of air-dried cells, TEM (G)). A–C Locomotive forms in a Petri dish. D Cell compressed with coverslip showing nucleus. E Cyst compressed with a coverslip. F A region of cell coverings showing scales. G Whole mounts of air-dried scales. Arrows indicate a direction of cell movement. Abbreviations: ac, apical column; cv, contractile vacuole; ds, dish-shaped scale; bp, basal plate; l, lacuna; lc, lateral column; lb, latticework basket; ls, layer of scales; n, nucleus; nu, nucleolus; pf, perforated flange. Scale bars = 10 μm (A–E), 0.1 μm (F, G)

Fig. 5 A in Is scale's structure still a good character to delimitate species of Amoebozoa? case of the genus Korotnevella (Amoebozoa, Dactylopodida)

Fig. 5 A selection of alignment columns containing nucleotide substitutions which distinguish sequences of 5′ fragment of the Cox I gene of Korotnevella heteracantha

Fig. 6 A in Is scale's structure still a good character to delimitate species of Amoebozoa? case of the genus Korotnevella (Amoebozoa, Dactylopodida)

Fig. 6 A phylogenetic tree based on sequences of 5′ fragment of the Cox I gene (maximum likelihood method, GTR + Γ model, 666 positions). Support: bootstrap values; only values higher than 50 are indi- cated. Scale bar = 0.05 substitution/nucleotide position

Fig. 4 A in Is scale's structure still a good character to delimitate species of Amoebozoa? case of the genus Korotnevella (Amoebozoa, Dactylopodida)

Fig. 4 A selection of alignment columns containing nucleotide substitutions which distinguish the sequences of the 5′ fragment of the Cox I gene of Korotnevella stella isolates

Figure 4 in Molecular phylogeny, biogeography, and species delimitation of segmented spider genus Liphistius (Araneae: Liphistiidae) in Thailand

Figure 4. The historical biogeography of Liphistius. A, chronogram and ancestral area reconstructions for Liphistius. The numbers in front of the names of taxa correspond to those in Table 1. B, distribution routes of the trang species group (red arrows) and the bristowei species group (blue arrows). Areas are as follows: A = Mainland Sibumasu; B = Peninsular Sibumasu; C = Inthanon region; D = Central basin; E = Bentong–Reaub suture zone; F = Sukhothai terrain; G = Chantaburi region; H = Indochina terrain (based on Metcalfe 2017); I = East Asia [the distributions of all heptatheline taxa combined into a single area (not shown)].

Figure 3 in Molecular phylogeny, biogeography, and species delimitation of segmented spider genus Liphistius (Araneae: Liphistiidae) in Thailand

Figure 3. Results of eight species delimitation methods. Each vertical bar represents a different delimitation method, and each horizontal bar represents a putative delimited species. Taxa 1–5 are each represented by only a single specimen. The colours in the phylogenetic tree represent Liphistius species groups, as follows: red, birmanicus group; orange, linang group; yellow, bristowei group; purple, trang group from localities in Sibumasu; blue, trang group from localities in Indochina.

Figure 2 in Molecular phylogeny, biogeography, and species delimitation of segmented spider genus Liphistius (Araneae: Liphistiidae) in Thailand

Figure 2. Multi-locus phylogeny using Bayesian inference (BI) with 'GBLOCK partition' alignments. Dashed lines show incongruent clades between Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood (ML). Coloured branches on the tree correspond to Liphistius species groups as follows: red, birmanicus group; orange, linang group; yellow, bristowei group; purple, trang group from localities in Sibumasu; blue, trang group from localities in Indochina.

Figure 1 in Molecular phylogeny, biogeography, and species delimitation of segmented spider genus Liphistius (Araneae: Liphistiidae) in Thailand

Figure 1. Distribution map of Liphistius. A, sample collection localities. Numbered collection locations correspond to those in Table 1. B, geological terrain: Sibumasu in the west (purple) and Indochina in the east (blue).

FIG. 1. A in Contemporary Methods and Evidence for Species Delimitation

FIG. 1. A hypothetical example of distinguishing hybridization between two species (left column) from intergradation between two forms within a geographically variable species (right column). The two species or genotypes are represented in each case by blue and gold colors, with intermediate colors indicating intermediate genotypes. (A) The ranges of the two species are illustrated in blue and gold, respectively, with a zone of overlap in the middle. (B) A Structure plot showing the proportion of ancestry of an array of individuals (represented by vertical bars) that have been sampled across the corresponding ranges of the two species and their contact zone. (C) The genotype frequencies of individuals sampled from a single local population in the contact zone, as measured by a hybrid index (a hybrid index of 0 indicates a pure blue genotype; a value of 1 indicates a pure gold genotype; 0.5 is consistent with an F1 hybrid; and hybrid indices near 0.25 and 0.75 are consistent with the respective backcrosses). Note the Ushaped distribution. (D) Two geographically variable forms within a species (e.g., subspecies) are illustrated in blue and gold, respectively, with a broad zone of intergradation in the middle. (E) A Structure plot showing the proportion of ancestry of an array of individuals (represented by vertical bars) that have been sampled across the corresponding range of the species. (F) The genotype frequencies of individuals sampled from a single local population in the center of the intergrade zone, as measured by a hybrid index (as described in C, above). Note the intermediate values for all individuals, which are consistent with random mating among individuals in this sample.

Figure 11 in Fantastic beasts and how to delimit them: an integrative approach using multispecies coalescent methods reveals two new, endemic Dugesia species (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida) from Corsica and Sardinia

Figure 11. Dugesia hoidi: A, holotype RMNH.VER.21056.1, photomicrograph showing the penial fold (pf) in sagiưal section; B, paratype RMNH.VER.21056.2, photomicrograph showing the penis papilla (pp) and the penial fold (pf) in transverse section.

Figure 10. Dugesia hoidi. Holotype RMNH.VER.21056.1 in Fantastic beasts and how to delimit them: an integrative approach using multispecies coalescent methods reveals two new, endemic Dugesia species (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida) from Corsica and Sardinia

Figure 10. Dugesia hoidi. Holotype RMNH.VER.21056.1: A, sagiưal reconstruction of the male copulatory apparatus (anterior to the right); B, sagiưal reconstruction of the penial fold and female copulatory apparatus; C, photomicrograph of sagiưal section, showing penis bulb (pb) with the seminal vesicle (sv), right (rvd) and the less (lvd) vas deferens, penis papilla (pp) with the pointed diaphragm (d), and the ejaculatory duct (ed).

Figure 7. Dugesia benazzii s.s., CGAS Pla 25.1 in Fantastic beasts and how to delimit them: an integrative approach using multispecies coalescent methods reveals two new, endemic Dugesia species (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida) from Corsica and Sardinia

Figure 7. Dugesia benazzii s.s., CGAS Pla 25.1: A, sagiưal reconstruction of the male copulatory apparatus (anterior to the right); B, sagiưal reconstruction of the fold and female copulatory apparatus; C, photomicrograph of sagiưal section, showing the penis bulb (pb), penis papilla (pp) with conical, pointed diaphragm (d), ejaculatory duct (ed), penial fold (pf), and 'angled' bursal canal (abc).

Figure 6 in Fantastic beasts and how to delimit them: an integrative approach using multispecies coalescent methods reveals two new, endemic Dugesia species (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida) from Corsica and Sardinia

Figure 6. Karyogram of (A) Dugesia benazzii s.s. from Su Rizzolu River (Oưi, loc. 13) and (B) Dugesia hoidi.

Figure 1. A in Fantastic beasts and how to delimit them: an integrative approach using multispecies coalescent methods reveals two new, endemic Dugesia species (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida) from Corsica and Sardinia

Figure 1. A, sampling localities of the present study. Numbers correspond to population codes listed in Appendix, Table A1 and coincide with those in Dols-Serrate et al. (2020). Red circles indicate populations used for morphological analyses. B, rectangular inset: enlargement of the Bunnari–Mascari confluence area. Ŋe map was created using Q-GIS v.3.2.2 (hưps://qgis.org/es/site/ last accessed September 2023) and edited in ILLUSTÞTOR CC v.22.0.1 (hưps://www.adobe.com/products/illustrator.html last accessed September 2023).