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883 results for “termites”
Data from: Excavation and aggregation as organizing factors in de novo construction by mound-building termites
Termites construct complex mounds that are orders of magnitude larger than any individual and fulfil a variety of functional roles. Yet the processes through which these mounds are built, and by which the insects organize their efforts, remain poorly understood. The traditional understanding focuses on stigmergy, a form of indirect communication in which actions that change the environment provide cues that influence future work. Termite construction has long been thought to be organized via a putative 'cement pheromone': a chemical added to deposited soil that stimulates further deposition in the same area, thus creating a positive feedback loop whereby coherent structures are built up. To investigate the detailed mechanisms and behaviours through which termites self-organize the early stages of mound construction, we tracked the motion and behaviour of major workers from two Macrotermes species in experimental arenas. Rather than a construction process focused on accumulation of depositions, as models based on cement pheromone would suggest, our results indicated that the primary organizing mechanisms were based on excavation. Digging activity was focused on a small number of excavation sites, which in turn provided templates for soil deposition. This behaviour was mediated by a mechanism of aggregation, with termites being more likely to join in the work at an excavation site as the number of termites presently working at that site increased. Statistical analyses showed that this aggregation mechanism was a response to active digging, distinct from and unrelated to putative chemical cues that stimulate deposition. Agent-based simulations quantitatively supported the interpretation that the early stage of de novo construction is primarily organized by excavation and aggregation activity rather than by stigmergic deposition.
FIGURE 31 in Revision of the Neotropical termite genus Orthognathotermes Holmgren (Isoptera: Termitidae: Termitinae)
FIGURE 31. Geographic distribution of O. mirim sp. nov. and O. pilosus sp. nov.
FIGURE 29 in Revision of the Neotropical termite genus Orthognathotermes Holmgren (Isoptera: Termitidae: Termitinae)
FIGURE 29. Geographic distribution of O. brevipilosus, O. heberi and O. insignis.
FIGURE 13 in A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical termite genus Cyrilliotermes Fontes (Isoptera, Termitidae, Syntermitinae)
FIGURE 13. Cyrilliotermes angulariceps. Gizzard armature.
FIGURES 4 in A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical termite genus Cyrilliotermes Fontes (Isoptera, Termitidae, Syntermitinae)
FIGURES 4. Cyrilliotermes brevidens, sp. n. Habitus of soldier.
FIGURE 7 in Incisitermes nishimurai, a new drywood termite species (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae) from the highlands of Central America
FIGURE 7. Habitus of live Incisitermes nishimurai showing castes in various aspects.
FIGURE 5 in Incisitermes nishimurai, a new drywood termite species (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae) from the highlands of Central America
FIGURE 5. Wings of Incisitermes nishimurai imago (HN620).
FIGURE 3 in Incisitermes nishimurai, a new drywood termite species (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae) from the highlands of Central America
FIGURE 3. Dorsal, lateral and ventral view of Incisitermes nishimurai soldier head (HN608).
FIGURE 4 in Incisitermes nishimurai, a new drywood termite species (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae) from the highlands of Central America
FIGURE 4. Dorsal and lateral view of Incisitermes nishimurai imago head and pronotum (HN610).
FIGURE 22 in A taxonomic revision of the neotropical termite genus Ruptitermes (Isoptera, Termitidae, Apicotermitinae)
FIGURE 22. Worker heads of Ruptitermes, showing pilosity. All figures in the same scale.
FIGURE 30 in A taxonomic revision of the neotropical termite genus Ruptitermes (Isoptera, Termitidae, Apicotermitinae)
FIGURE 30. Geographic range of Ruptitermes xanthochiton Mathews 1977.
FIGURE 8 in Muelleritermes: A new termite genus with two species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Isoptera: Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae)
FIGURE 8. Collection localities of Muelleritermes, new genus.
FIGURE 4 in A taxonomic revision of the soil-feeding termite genus Anhangatermes (Isoptera: Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae)
FIGURE 4. Geographic range of Anhangatermes (dark gray) and locality records of each species.
FIGURE 2 in A taxonomic revision of the soil-feeding termite genus Anhangatermes (Isoptera: Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae)
FIGURE 2. Gizzard armature of Anhangatermes anhanguera, sp. n.
FIGURE 13 in A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical termite genus Rhynchotermes (Isoptera, Termitidae, Syntermitinae)
FIGURE 13. Distribution map of R. diphyes, R. matraga sp. nov. and R. piauy.
FIGURES 9–11. Schedolimulus komatsui, thorax. 9. Pronotum. 10 in A new species of Trichopseniini (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) found with Schedorhinotermes termite (Isoptera, Rhinotermitidae) in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand
FIGURES 9–11. Schedolimulus komatsui, thorax. 9. Pronotum. 10. Meso- and metaventrites. 11. Elytra.
FIGURES 12–14. Schedolimulus komatsui, legs. 12. Fore leg. 13. Mid leg. 14 in A new species of Trichopseniini (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) found with Schedorhinotermes termite (Isoptera, Rhinotermitidae) in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand
FIGURES 12–14. Schedolimulus komatsui, legs. 12. Fore leg. 13. Mid leg. 14. Hind leg.
FIGURES 2. Cyrilliotermes angulariceps. Soldier. A in Constantino, R. & Carvalho, S. H. C. (2012) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical termite genus Cyrilliotermes Fontes (Isoptera, Termitidae, Syntermitinae). Zootaxa, 3186, 25-41.
FIGURES 2. Cyrilliotermes angulariceps. Soldier. A, head in profile; B, head in dorsal view; C, tip of frontal tube in profile; D, smaller soldier from another colony. Worker. E, head in dorsal view; F, head in profile.
Figure 2 from: Fan Q, Yang T, Li H, Wang X-M, Liao H-F, Shen P-H, Yang Z-L, Zeng W-B, Wang Y-B (2024) Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal two new entomopathogenic species of Ophiocordyceps (Ophiocordycipitaceae, Hypocreales) parasitic on termites from China. MycoKeys 103: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.103.116153
Figure 2 Ophiocordyceps longistipesA, B stromata of fungus arising from termites C fertile part D perithecia E colony on PDA (obverse and reverse) F, G ascospores H, I asci J–L conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars: 1 cm (A, B, E); 2 mm (C); 100 µm (D); 20 µm (F–L).
Figure 1 from: Fan Q, Yang T, Li H, Wang X-M, Liao H-F, Shen P-H, Yang Z-L, Zeng W-B, Wang Y-B (2024) Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal two new entomopathogenic species of Ophiocordyceps (Ophiocordycipitaceae, Hypocreales) parasitic on termites from China. MycoKeys 103: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.103.116153
Figure 1 Phylogenetic tree based on the combined dataset of nrSSU, nrLSU, tef-1α, rpb1, rpb2, and ITS showing the relationship of two new species on termites from China with other Ophiocordyceps species. Values at the nodes before and after the backslash are BI posterior probabilities (BI-PP greater than 0.60) and ML bootstrap proportions (ML-BP greater than 70%), respectively. New species described in this paper are shown in bold red.
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