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FIGURE 11 in Partial taxonomic revision of Amphoriscus Haeckel, 1870 (Porifera: Calcarea) with description of A. decennis sp. nov.

FIGURE 11. Amphoriscus decennis sp. nov. (holotype UFRJPOR 9031). A, A'—Cortical tetractines. B—Subatrial triactine. C, C'—Atrial tetractines.

FIGURE 9 in Partial taxonomic revision of Amphoriscus Haeckel, 1870 (Porifera: Calcarea) with description of A. decennis sp. nov.

FIGURE 9. Amphoriscus semoni (BMNH 1886.6.7.32). A—General view of the skeleton. B—Inarticulation formed by cortical tetractines (black arrow) and subatrial triactines (white arrow). C—A small cortical tetractine and subatrial triactine with unequal paired actines. D—Atrial tetractines (black arrow) with the short apical actine perforating the atrial wall. Abbreviations: at—atrium and ct—cortex.

FIGURE 6 in Partial taxonomic revision of Amphoriscus Haeckel, 1870 (Porifera: Calcarea) with description of A. decennis sp. nov.

FIGURE 6. Amphoriscus gregorii (paratype BMNH 1896.11.5.18). A—Section showing the syconoid aquiferous system and (in detail) a stomoblastula. B—Overview of the skeleton. C—Cortical tetractines. The arrow indicates giant tetractines of long apical actine, which often pierce the atrial wall. D—Microdiactines arranged in the cortex. E—Subatrial region with triactines (arrow). F—Tangential section with atrial triactines (arrow) and tetractines. Abbreviations: at—atrium and ct—cortex.

FIGURE 5. Amphoriscus elongatus. A in Partial taxonomic revision of Amphoriscus Haeckel, 1870 (Porifera: Calcarea) with description of A. decennis sp. nov.

FIGURE 5. Amphoriscus elongatus. A—Transversal section (BMNH 1955.12.13.10). B—Reproductive elements in the choanosome (black arrows; BMNH 1955.12.13.10). C—Cortical region with trichoxea and giant tetractines (BMNH 1955.12.13.11). D—Subatrial region with triactines and rare tetractines (arrow; BMNH 1955.12.13.11). E—Skeletal organization and a pseudo (?) subatrial triactine (arrow; BMNH 1955.12.13.11). F—Atrial region pierced by the apical actine of tetractines (BMNH 1955.12.13.10). Abbreviations: at—atrium and ct—cortex.

FIGURE 7 in Partial taxonomic revision of Amphoriscus Haeckel, 1870 (Porifera: Calcarea) with description of A. decennis sp. nov.

FIGURE 7. Amphoriscus pedunculatus (B–F: holotype UFRJPOR 5802). A—Specimens in ethanol (paratype UFRJPOR 5803). B—Section of the cortex. C—Skeletal organization. Arrow indicates a triactine. D—Subcortical region with trichoxeas (arrow). E—Trichoxeas (arrow) close to subcortical lacunae (*). F—Atrial region with tetractines.

FIGURE 8 in Partial taxonomic revision of Amphoriscus Haeckel, 1870 (Porifera: Calcarea) with description of A. decennis sp. nov.

FIGURE 8. Amphoriscus pedunculatus (holotype UFRJPOR 5802). A—Cortical triactine. B—Cortical tetractine. C—Subatrial triactine. D—Atrial tetractine.

FIGURE 3 in Partial taxonomic revision of Amphoriscus Haeckel, 1870 (Porifera: Calcarea) with description of A. decennis sp. nov.

FIGURE 3. Distribution of Amphoriscus chrysalis. Type locality (red), previous record (blue), and new records (black).

FIGURE 2 in Partial taxonomic revision of Amphoriscus Haeckel, 1870 (Porifera: Calcarea) with description of A. decennis sp. nov.

FIGURE 2. Amphoriscus chrysalis (LBIM 1968-326). A—Cortical tetractine. B—Cortical triactine. C—Subatrial triactine. D—Subatrial tetractine. E—Atrial tetractine. Abbreviations: p1 and p2—paired actines.

FIGURE 1. Amphoriscus chrysalis. A in Partial taxonomic revision of Amphoriscus Haeckel, 1870 (Porifera: Calcarea) with description of A. decennis sp. nov.

FIGURE 1. Amphoriscus chrysalis. A—SME-500 fixed in ethanol. B—Transversal section of the skeleton (LBIM 1968- 556 L). C—Cortical region with a tuft of trichoxeas (arrowhead; LBIM 1968-355). D—Lacunae (*) in the subatrial region and reproductive elements (LBIM 1968-556 L). E—Subatrial region with triactines and tetractines (arrowhead; LBIM 1968- 556 L). F—Atrial surface pierced by long apical of the atrial tetractines (LBIM 1968-556 L). Abbreviations: at—atrium and ct—cortex.

FIGURE 4 in Partial taxonomic revision of Amphoriscus Haeckel, 1870 (Porifera: Calcarea) with description of A. decennis sp. nov.

FIGURE 4. Amphoriscus elongatus (holotype BMNH 1884.4.22.27). A—Holotype fixed in ethanol. B—Tangential section of the cortex showing giant tetractines (black arrow) and small sagittal triactines (white arrow). C—General view of a transversal section. D—Detail of a transversal section showing cortical spicules and the inarticulated region. Abbreviations: at—atrium and ct—cortex.

FIGURE 1 in Reorganizing parasitic Delesseriaceae: taxonomic revision of Asterocolax

FIGURE 1: Bayesian Inference tree for the ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2 DNA sequence alignment of Asterocolax, their hosts, and related species. Parasites are in bold with arrows pointing at their host. Phylogenetic tree includes proposed nomenclatural changes and previous Asterocolax species nomenclature. Values on the arrows represent sequence similarity (% pairwise identity) between host and parasite. The type species of Asterocolax described by Feldmann & Feldmann (1951) is indicated by ⊕. The values on nodes refer to Bayesian posterior probabilities (left) and bootstrap values (right). The lack of sequence divergence between of the Asterocolax gardneri sequences from California infecting Phycodrys isabellae (*) is not representative of the original figure (Goff et al. 1997, Fig. 1). The new species described in this study are indicated by § and ‡. Data generated in this study are denoted by underlined text.

FIGURES 5–7 in Reorganizing parasitic Delesseriaceae: taxonomic revision of Asterocolax

FIGURES 5–7: Phycodrys denticulatus FIGURE 5: Mature parasitic pustule of Phycodrys denticulatus on its host Phycodrys fimbriata. Thallus is yellow in color with several round branches. Scale bar = 1 mm. FIGURE 6: 5 µm cross section of plastic embedded Phycodrys denticulatus stained in aniline blue. Tetraspores (*) occur along the branches of Phycodrys denticulatus and divide tetrahedrally or obliquely cruciate. Tetraspores average 40 x 60 µm. Scale bar = 100 µm. FIGURE 7: 5 µm cross section of Phycodrys denticulatus infecting Phycodrys fimbriata stained in aniline blue. Given the parasites immediate infection of host cells, it is near impossible to differentiate parasite cells from infected host cells. The medullary cells in the parasite thallus and the likely infected cells underlying the developing parasite thallus are conspicuously larger than uninfected host cells and filled with floridean starch granules. The cell walls of these extremely large medullary cells are also thicker than uninfected cells, a probable response to infection. Scale bar = 100 µm.

FIGURE 21. Female genitalia, ovipositor. a–i in Revised classification of the New World Cylapini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae): taxonomic review of the genera Cylapinus, Cylapoides and Peltidocylapus and a morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of tribe Cylapini

FIGURE 21. Female genitalia, ovipositor. a–i. Apex of first gonapophysis; j–q. Apex of second gonapophysis. a, j. Amapacylapus amapariensis; b. Cylapinus minusculus; c, k. Cylapoides unicolor; d, l. Cylapomorpha sp.; e, m. Cylapus amazonicus; f, n. Cylapus citus; g, o. Cylapus ruficeps; h, p. Peltidocylapus ecuadorensis; i, q. Peltidocylapus parallelus.

FIGURE 20. Female genitalia. Vestibular area. a in Revised classification of the New World Cylapini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae): taxonomic review of the genera Cylapinus, Cylapoides and Peltidocylapus and a morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of tribe Cylapini

FIGURE 20. Female genitalia. Vestibular area. a. Amapacylapus amapariensis; b. Cylapinus minusculus; c. Cylapoides unicolor; d. Cylapus antennatus; e. Cylapus citus; f. Cylapus tenuicornis; g. Peltidocylapus parallelus; h. Valdasus flavinotum.

FIGURE 22. Female genitalia. a, b, d–f in Revised classification of the New World Cylapini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae): taxonomic review of the genera Cylapinus, Cylapoides and Peltidocylapus and a morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of tribe Cylapini

FIGURE 22. Female genitalia. a, b, d–f. Bursa copulatrix (dorsal view); c. Bursa copulatrix (lateral view); g, h. Base of first gonapophyses; i–l. Apex of second gonapophysis. a. Psallops sp.; b, c, g, j. Afrovannius schmitzi; d. Vannius sp.; e, k. Cylapocoris sp.; f, h, l. Fulvius pallens; i. Leprocapsus scutellaris.

FIGURE 16. Female genitalia. a, d, g in Revised classification of the New World Cylapini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae): taxonomic review of the genera Cylapinus, Cylapoides and Peltidocylapus and a morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of tribe Cylapini

FIGURE 16. Female genitalia. a, d, g. Bursa copulatrix (dorsal view); b, e, h. Bursa copulatrix (dorsal view, ventral labiate plate dissected). c, f, i. Ventral labiate plate and seminal depository (ventral view, with remainder of bursa copulatrix dissected). j. First gonapophyses and bursa copulatrix (ventral view); k. Bursa copulatrix (left lateral view). a–c. Cylapus amazonicus; d–f. Cylapus antennatus; g–k. Cylapus citus. dlp = dorsal labiate plate; odl = lateral oviduct; sd = seminal depository; sg = spermathecal gland; sr = sclerotized ring; vlp = ventral labiate plate; vstb = vestibulum.

FIGURE 7. Lateral view. a in Revised classification of the New World Cylapini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae): taxonomic review of the genera Cylapinus, Cylapoides and Peltidocylapus and a morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of tribe Cylapini

FIGURE 7. Lateral view. a. Cylapinus minusculus (♀); b. Cylapinus yasunagai (paratype); c. Cylapoides unicolor (♀); d. Peltidocylapus calyciformis (paratype); e. Peltidocylapus cerbereus (lectotype).

FIGURE 15. Female genitalia. a, b, f, g, h in Revised classification of the New World Cylapini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae): taxonomic review of the genera Cylapinus, Cylapoides and Peltidocylapus and a morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of tribe Cylapini

FIGURE 15. Female genitalia. a, b, f, g, h. Bursa copulatrix (dorsal view); c, d. Ventral labiate plate; e. Sclerotized rings of dorsal labiate plate. a. Amapacylapus amapariensis; b, c. Amapacylapus unicolor; d–f. Cylapinus minusculus; g. Cylapoides unicolor; h. Cylapomorpha sp. dlp = dorsal labiate plate; odl = lateral oviduct; sd = seminal depository; sg = spermathecal gland; sr = sclerotized ring; vlp = ventral labiate plate.

FIGURE 3. Dorsal habitus photographs. a in Revised classification of the New World Cylapini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae): taxonomic review of the genera Cylapinus, Cylapoides and Peltidocylapus and a morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of tribe Cylapini

FIGURE 3. Dorsal habitus photographs. a. Cylapinus minusculus (♂, Ecuador); b. Cylapinus yasunagai (holotype); c. Cylapoides bicolor (holotype); d. Cylapoides unicolor (♂, Ecuador).

FIGURE 14. Male genitalia. a, f, l, r in Revised classification of the New World Cylapini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae): taxonomic review of the genera Cylapinus, Cylapoides and Peltidocylapus and a morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of tribe Cylapini

FIGURE 14. Male genitalia. a, f, l, r. Endosoma (dorsal view); b, h, n. Endosoma (ventral view); g, m. Endosoma (right lateral view); c, i, o, s. Left paramere (right lateral view). d, j, p, t. Left paramere (dorsal view). e, k, q, u. Right paramere (left lateral view). a–e. Peltidocylapus rugosus; f–k. Peltidocylapus scutellaris; l–k. Peltidocylapus simplex; r–u. Peltidocylapus spinosus. dss = distal part of ductus seminis inside endosoma. Scale bars 0.2 mm.