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Figure 12 in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Miocaperea pulchra, the first fossil pygmy right whale genus and species (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Neobalaenidae)

Figure 12. Caperea marginata: basicranium. A, right side (specimen ZM 41126) with tympanic bulla in situ; B, left side (same specimen), tympanic bulla removed, periotic in situ. Scale bar: 100 mm. See Anatomical abbreviations for definitions of the acronyms.

Figure 5 in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Miocaperea pulchra, the first fossil pygmy right whale genus and species (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Neobalaenidae)

Figure 5. Miocaperea pulchra gen. et sp. nov.: holotype, infraorbital foramina and cast of trigeminal nerve. Scale bars: 50 mm. See Anatomical abbreviations for definitions of the acronyms. Anterior is on the left. Note that hard matrix filled the infraorbital foramina, forming a natural endocast of the exit of the trigeminal nerve (V).

Figure 4 in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Miocaperea pulchra, the first fossil pygmy right whale genus and species (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Neobalaenidae)

Figure 4. Miocaperea pulchra gen. et sp. nov.: transverse sections of the right side of the rostrum. All sections represent the dorsal surface of the right maxilla and premaxilla. A, posterior section; B, section taken at approximately mid-length of narial fossa; C, anterior section. Numbers on the left refer to the distance (in mm) from the anterior end of the rostrum. Scale bar: 10 mm. *lateral border of maxilla; #premaxilla– maxilla suture.

Figure 3 in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Miocaperea pulchra, the first fossil pygmy right whale genus and species (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Neobalaenidae)

Figure 3. Miocaperea pulchra gen. et sp. nov.: schematic representation of the holotype skull. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, right lateral view. Scale bar: 100 mm. See Anatomical abbreviations for definitions of the acronyms.

Figure 20 in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Miocaperea pulchra, the first fossil pygmy right whale genus and species (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Neobalaenidae)

Figure 20. Caperea marginata: tympanic bulla. A, lateral view; B, medial view; C, dorsal view; D, ventral view; E, posterior view; F, anterior view. Scale bar: 100 mm. C, specimen ZM 19944; A, B, D–F, specimen in Klaas Post's private collection. See Anatomical abbreviations for definitions of the acronyms.

Figure 2 in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Miocaperea pulchra, the first fossil pygmy right whale genus and species (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Neobalaenidae)

Figure 2. Miocaperea pulchra gen. et sp. nov.: holotype. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, right lateral view; D, left lateral view. In (A) the anterior portion (rostrum) is on the same plane as that on which the neurocranium is lodged, in order to better show the nasal bones. This results in wide gaps between the maxillae and the supraorbital processes of the frontal. Such gaps are absent in (B) because the anterior portion is closer to the neurocranium, to represent the whole skull in articulation.

Figure 14 in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Miocaperea pulchra, the first fossil pygmy right whale genus and species (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Neobalaenidae)

Figure 14. Caperea marginata: right periotic (specimen ZM 19944), detached from skull. A, medial view; B, dorsal view; C, lateral view; D, posterior view; E, anterior view; F, ventral view. Scale bar: 10 mm. See Anatomical abbreviations for definitions of the acronyms.

Figure 1 in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Miocaperea pulchra, the first fossil pygmy right whale genus and species (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Neobalaenidae)

Figure 1. Locality of the discovery of Miocaperea pulchra gen. et sp. nov. A, South America; B, Peruvian territory with Aguada de Lomas indicated by a line; C, close-up view of Aguada de Lomas in Peru.

Figure 17 in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Miocaperea pulchra, the first fossil pygmy right whale genus and species (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Neobalaenidae)

Figure 17. Phylogenetic relationships of Miocaperea pulchra gen. et sp. nov. Maximum parsimony cladogram, representing the strict consensus of 108 equally parsimonious trees. Statistics: tree length, 914 steps; consistency index, 0.3840; consistency index excluding uninformative characters, 0.3751; rescaled consistency index, 0.2732; homoplasy index, 0.6160; homoplasy index excluding uninformative characters, 0.6249; retention index, 0.7114.

Figure 18 in Comparative osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Miocaperea pulchra, the first fossil pygmy right whale genus and species (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Neobalaenidae)

Figure 18. Phylogenetic relationships of baleen-bearing mysticetes resulting from the tree bisection and reconnection search and plotted against stratigraphic ages of the included taxa. Thick lines represent documented records; thin lines represent inferred ghost lineages. Ma, million years. The grey area represents a period of high origination rate in mysticete evolution. The divergence of Balaenidae and Neobalaenidae is calibrated on the stratigraphic age of Morenocetus parvus, the earliest described balaenid (the assignment to Balaenidae was confirmed by Bisconti, 2005).

FIGURES 64–67 in Pseudostaurosira crateri sp. nov. (Fragilariaceae, Bacillariophyta), a new small araphid, fossil diatom species from the Pleistocene (Atlantic Forest, Brazil)

FIGURES 64–67. SEM micrographs of Pseudostaurosiropsis geocollegarum (Witkowski) E.Morales from Lac d'Yrieux, France (64) and Lake Edward, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda (65–67). (64, 67) Valve view presenting details of sternum, apical pore fields, and striae composed of two rows of areolae. Notice the disc-like closing plates that occludes each areola (64, 66, 67). Detail on simple and bifurcate spines (65). Valve interior showing absence of rimoportulae. Notice the volae in the inner perimeter of the areolae (66). Girdle view showing open, plain, and ligulate copulae without perforations. Notice the mantle plaques.

FIGURES 48–57 in Pseudostaurosira crateri sp. nov. (Fragilariaceae, Bacillariophyta), a new small araphid, fossil diatom species from the Pleistocene (Atlantic Forest, Brazil)

FIGURES 48–57. SEM micrographs of Pseudostaurosira crateri Marquardt & C.E.Wetzel sp. nov. from type material (holotype SP365.548) sampled from Colônia Basin, São Paulo, Brazil: (48–51) Overall characteristics of the outer surface of the valve face. Notice an apical pore field on each valve end and striae each composed of one areola on valve face and two to three on mantle (50, 51). Arrow 1 points to the volae in the inner perimeter of the areolae (50). Arrow 2 points to the rudimentary or incipient spines located on the virgae (50–52). Girdle view of a frustule showing characteristics of the cingulum. Notice (arrow 3) open girdle bands (52). Detail of the areolae open into a single depression (arrow 4) running from valve face to mantle (53). Inner valve surface showing absence of rimoportulae and areolae characteristics (55–57). Notice internal detail (arrow 5) of superimposed disks formed by depositions of siliceous material on the volae (57). Detail (arrow 6) of apical pore field (57).

FIGURES 58–63 in Pseudostaurosira crateri sp. nov. (Fragilariaceae, Bacillariophyta), a new small araphid, fossil diatom species from the Pleistocene (Atlantic Forest, Brazil)

FIGURES 58–63. SEM micrographs of Staurosirella canariensis (Lange-Bertalot) E.Morales, Ector, Maidana & Grana in Grana et al. from River Oise (58, 61), Étang de l'Aumée (60, 63), and Étang des Landes (59, 62), France. (58–60) Valve view presenting details of sternum, apical pore fields, and striae composed of lineolae. Notice the "punch-hole" appearance of the striae (60). Detail of spatulated spines, 1-2 (occasionally) per virgae (60). Valve interior showing absence of rimoportulae (61). Notice the volae in the inner perimeter of the areolae (62). Girdle view showing closed girdle bands (62).

FIGURES 68–71 in Pseudostaurosira crateri sp. nov. (Fragilariaceae, Bacillariophyta), a new small araphid, fossil diatom species from the Pleistocene (Atlantic Forest, Brazil)

FIGURES 68–71. SEM micrographs of (68) Pseudostaurosira brevistriata (Grunow) D.M.Williams & Round from Lac de l'Uby, France. Valve view presenting details of sternum, apical pore fields, and striae composed of two rows of areolae. Notice profusely branched volae originated from the inner periphery of the areola and spines within striae. (69) Pseudostaurosira sp. Lac d'Arjuzanx, France. Valve view presenting details of sternum, apical pore fields, and striae composed of two to occasionally four rows of areolae. Notice conical spines within striae. (70) Pseudostaurosira parasitica (W.Smith) E.Morales in Morales & Edlund from Étang de Leon, France. Valve view presenting details of sternum and apical pore fields. Notice striae composed transapically elongated areolae. (71) Pseudostaurosira subconstricta (Grunow) Kulikovskiy & Genkal in Kulikovskiy et al. from Lac de la Cassière, France. Valve view presenting details of sternum and apical pore fields. Notice striae composed of one to six round and small areolae.

Figure 4 in How long can insect species exist? Evidence from extant and fossil Micromalthus beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera)

Figure 4. Photographs of holotype of Micromalthus anasi Perkovsky, 2008, now considered a junior synonym of Micromalthus debilis. A, dorsolateral view. Distal half of right wing missing. (Courtesy of Karin Wolf-Schwenninger, Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Stuttgart, Germany.) B, ventrolateral view of prothorax and head. Three apical antennomeres of the right antenna missing.

Figure 1. A in How long can insect species exist? Evidence from extant and fossil Micromalthus beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera)

Figure 1. A, photograph of Micromalthus debilis in Dominican amber (MTEC226, MSU Bozeman, USA), female specimen. B, extant female M. debilis in dorsal view. The abdomen appears comparatively short in the extant specimen because of (1) perspective distortion because the abdomen is bent downward and (2) because the segments are retracted. Arrows mark the protruding edges of two segments; in (A) the segments are fully extended.

Figure 3. A–C in How long can insect species exist? Evidence from extant and fossil Micromalthus beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera)

Figure 3. A–C, photographs of heads of Dominican amber specimens of Micromalthus from the Poinar collection. A, coll.no. C 7-191°.B, coll.no. C 7-191B. C, coll.no. C 7-191C. D, scanning electron micrograph of left antenna of extant specimen of Micromalthus debilis, dorsal view.

Figure 2 in How long can insect species exist? Evidence from extant and fossil Micromalthus beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera)

Figure 2. Micromalthus debilis from Dominican amber (MTEC226 MTU Bozeman, USA). A, dorsal view. B, ventral view, wings omitted, mouthparts and mesothorax obscured by white, foggy substance. A cloud of this substance also surrounds the last three abdominal segments. C, reconstruction of wing venation of fossil specimen. Nomenclature of wing veins after Wallace & Fox (1975). Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

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FIGURE 2 in Three new species of the fossil Cantacaderinae genus Paleocader Froeschner, 1996 from the Baltic and Rovno amber (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Tingidae)

FIGURE 2. Paleocader pulchellus sp. nov., holotype male. A, Dorsal view. B, Ventral view. C, Head and pronotum, dorsal. D, Anterior body, ventral. E, Terminal abdomen, ventral. Scale bars = 1 mm in A and B; 500 μm in others. ©J. Damzen