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Figure 6 in Re-description of Chevalia aviculae Walker, 1904, five new species and new records of Chevaliidae from Australia and New Zealand (Crustacea: Peracarida: Amphipoda: Senticaudata)

Figure 6. Bryoconversor tutus Lörz et al., 2014, male, 8 mm, AM P.25854, Taiaroa Canyon, New Zealand. Scale lines represent 0.2 mm.

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Figure 4 in Re-description of Chevalia aviculae Walker, 1904, five new species and new records of Chevaliidae from Australia and New Zealand (Crustacea: Peracarida: Amphipoda: Senticaudata)

Figure 4. Bryoconversor tutus Lörz et al., 2014, male, 8 mm, AM P.25854, Taiaroa Canyon, New Zealand. Scale lines represent 0.1 mm except H represents 0.5 mm.

Fig. 4 in Lucinid bivalves from Miocene hydrocarbon seep sites of eastern North Island, New Zealand, with comments on Miocene New Zealand seep faunas

Fig. 4. Lucinid bivalve Elliptiolucina neozelandica sp. nov. from the middle Miocene Bexhaven Limestone at Moonlight North (A, Y16/f1174; B–D, Y16/1059), North Island, New Zealand. A. UOA L4771 (holotype), dorsal view (A1), right (A2) and left (A3) valves. B. UOA L4783 (paratype), dorsal view (B1), right valve (B2), internal mould of left valve (B3), enlargement of anterior adductor muscle scar in B2 (B4). C. UOA L4775 (paratype), edentulous hinge plate of right valve (C1), left valve (C2). D. UOA L4774 (paratype), dorsal view (D1), right (D2) and left (D3) valves. Scale bars 10 mm.

Fig. 1 in Lucinid bivalves from Miocene hydrocarbon seep sites of eastern North Island, New Zealand, with comments on Miocene New Zealand seep faunas

Fig. 1. Overview of the geology of the East Coast, North Island, New Zealand (A, B), showing locations of known Miocene hydrocarbon seep sites. Northern sites: 1, Waiapu; 2, Waipiro; 3, Karikarihuata; 4, Bexhaven; 5, Tauwhareparae; 6, Puketawa; 7, Totaranui; 8, Moonlight North; 9, Rocky Knob; 10, Waikairo; 11, Turihaua. Southern sites: 12, Wanstead; 13, Ugly Hill; 14, Haunui; 15, Ngawaka; 16, Wilder; HSZ, Hikurangi subduction zone; M, Marlborough; TVZ, Taupo Volcanic Zone. Also shown are some of the modern offshore hydrocarbon seep sites of the Hikurangi subduction margin, and a hydrothermal vent location (inset). C. Cross-section (modified from Barnes et al. 2010) shows transpressive subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Australian Plate, and relationships of tectonic elements of the northern New Zealand plate margin (see Campbell et al. 2008 and Barnes et al. 2010 for further details on geologic context). The fossil lucinids of this study are described from fossil seep locations 4, 8, 9, 12–15.

Fig. 3 in Lucinid bivalves from Miocene hydrocarbon seep sites of eastern North Island, New Zealand, with comments on Miocene New Zealand seep faunas

Fig. 3. Lucinid bivalve Meganodontia haunuiensis sp. nov. from the lower Miocene Ihungia Limestone at Haunui (B–G, U23/270) and Ugly Hill A, U23/280), North Island, New Zealand. A. UOA L4777 (paratype), edentulous hinge plate of left valve (A1,), left valve (A2). B. UOA L4581 (holotype), dorsal view (B1) and frontal view (B2) of right valve. C. UOA L4791 (paratype), edentulous hinge plate of right valve. D. UOA L4790, right valve of small specimen. E. UOA L4782 (paratype), dorsal view of slightly compressed specimen (E1), left valve (E2). F. UOA L4792 (paratype), dorsal view showing symmetric lunule in both valves (F1), right valve showing internal mould (F2), enlargement of the anterior adductor muscle scar of F2 (F3). G. UOA L 4789, right valve, showing internal mould of small specimen. Scale bars 10 mm.

Fig. 2 in Lucinid bivalves from Miocene hydrocarbon seep sites of eastern North Island, New Zealand, with comments on Miocene New Zealand seep faunas

Fig. 2. Schematic drawing of a model lucinid bivalve with explanation of the main morphological terms used in this paper.

Fig. 6 in Lucinid bivalves from Miocene hydrocarbon seep sites of eastern North Island, New Zealand, with comments on Miocene New Zealand seep faunas

Fig. 6. Distribution of the ancient and Recent Meganodontia and Elliptiolucina. The Recent data are from Bouchet and Cosel (2004), Cosel and Bouchet 2008), and Glover and Taylor (2016). The fossil data are based on Kase et al. (2007), Kiel (2013), Kiel and Hansen (2015), Kiel and Taviani (2017), and this study.

Fig. 5 in Lucinid bivalves from Miocene hydrocarbon seep sites of eastern North Island, New Zealand, with comments on Miocene New Zealand seep faunas

Fig. 5. Lucinid bivalve Lucinoma saetheri sp. nov. from the lower Miocene Ihungia Limestone at Ugly Hill (D, F, U23/266) and the middle Miocene Bexhaven Limestone at Moonlight North (A, C, E, Y16/1059; B, Y16/f1174), North Island, New Zealand. A. UOA L4773 (paratype), internal mould of right valve. B. UOA L 4772 (paratype), hinge plate of right valve. C. UOA L4785, left (C1) and right (C2) valves. D. UOA L4780 (holotype), dorsal view D1), right (D2) and left (D3) valves. E. UOA L4786, right valve. F. UOA L 4779 (paratype), left valve showing lamellated commarginal riblets (F1), dorsal view (F2). Scale bars 10 mm.

Fig. 4 in Fossil vesicomyid bivalves from Miocene hydrocarbon seep sites, North Island, New Zealand

Fig. 4. Vesicomyid bivalve Notocalyptogena neozelandica gen. et sp. nov. from Ugly Hill (U23/f267), Early Miocene. A. UOA L4607; right valve showing internal ridge from beak to posterior corner (arrow). B. UOA L4603; external surface of left valve. C. UOA L4595, paratype; dorsal view showing strong ligament. D. UOA L4591, holotype; dorsal view (D1). Note blunt external ridge from beak to posterior ventral corner (arrow). External right valve view (D2). E. UOA L4599; right valve showing anterior adductor scar. F. UOA L4594, paratype; left valve internal mould showing pallial line without sinus (arrow) and posterior adductor scar. G. UOA L4592, paratype; left valve.

Fig. 2 in Fossil vesicomyid bivalves from Miocene hydrocarbon seep sites, North Island, New Zealand

Fig. 2. Vesicomyid bivalve Pliocardia? sp. from Moonlight North (Y16/ f1059), Early to Middle Miocene. A. UOA L4587. Dorsal view of articulated internal mould (A 1), arrow shows lunular incision. Internal mould of right valve (A 2), showing anterior adductor scar and posterior adductor scar. B. UOA L4588. Right valve of hinge plate (B 1), anterior tooth is not preserved. Left valve (B 2), internal mould, arrow shows pallial sinus.

Fig. 1 in Fossil vesicomyid bivalves from Miocene hydrocarbon seep sites, North Island, New Zealand

Fig. 1. Geological setting of the Miocene seep sites and fossil localities. A. Boundary between the Australian and Pacific Plates, position of the Hikurangi subduction zone (HSZ) and arc volcanoes of the Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ); M, Marlborough. B. Overview of the geology of the East Coast centered around Hawke's Bay, North Island, New Zealand, showing locations of known Miocene hydrocarbon seep sites (numbered circles). 1–11 = northern sites: 1 , Waiapu; 2, Waipiro; 3, Karikarihuata; 4, Bexhaven; 5, Tauwharepare; 6, Puketawa; 7, Totaranui; 8, Moonlight North; 9, Rocky Knob; 10, Waikairo; 11, Turihaua. 12–16 = southern sites: 12, Wanstead; 13, Ugly Hill; 14, Haunui; 15, Ngawaka; 16, Wilder. The fossil vesicomyids described in this study are from fossil seep locations 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 13, and 14. C. Cross-section (modified from Barnes 2010) showing transpressive subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Australian Plate, and relationships of tectonic elements of the northern New Zealand plate margin (see Campbell et al. 2008 and Barnes et al. 2010 for further details on geologic context).

Fig. 5. Modern vesicomyids from the Hikurangi Margin. A, D in Fossil vesicomyid bivalves from Miocene hydrocarbon seep sites, North Island, New Zealand

Fig. 5. Modern vesicomyids from the Hikurangi Margin. A, D. Calyptogena sp. A. UOA L4610; right valve external (A 1) and internal (A 2) views. D. UOA L4611; external views of right (D 1) and left (D 2) valves. B, C. Archivesica sp. B. UOA L4608; left valve hinge. C. UOA L4609; left valve external (C 1) and internal (C 2) views.

Fig. 3 in Fossil vesicomyid bivalves from Miocene hydrocarbon seep sites, North Island, New Zealand

Fig. 3. Hinge of vesicomyid bivalve Notocalyptogena neozelandica gen. et sp. nov. from Ugly Hill (U23/f267 for A, B, D; U23/f266 for C), Early Miocene. Left (A, C) and right (B, D) valve hinge. A. UOA L4606. B. UOA L4605. C. UOA L4596, paratype. D. UOA L4593, paratype.

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Fig. 2 in A new fossil provannid gastropod from Miocene hydrocarbon seep deposits, East Coast Basin, North Island, New Zealand

Fig. 2. Generalised stratigraphy of the East Coast Basin, showing the Miocene−age seep carbonates that occur as isolated lenses within the mudstones of the Tolaga Group. The organic−rich, underlying Waipawa Black Shale is thought to be one of the likely source rocks. Abbreviations: Bx, Bexhaven Limestone; Ih, Ihungia Limestone; To, Tolaga Group; Wb, Weber Formation; Wn, Wanstead Formation; Wp, Waipawa Black Shale. Figure modified from Campbell et al. (2008).

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Fig. 1 in A new fossil provannid gastropod from Miocene hydrocarbon seep deposits, East Coast Basin, North Island, New Zealand

Fig. 1. Overview of relevant geology of the East Coast Basin, North Island, New Zealand, showing locations of the fossil seep deposits from which type specimens and a possible specimen of Provanna marshalli sp. nov. were collected. 1. Puketawa. 2. Rocky Knob. 3. Ugly Hill. CP, Cape Palliser; HSZ, Hikurangi subduction zone; M, Marlborough; TVZ, Taupo Volcanic Zone. Also shown are some of the modern offshore seeps on the Hikurangi margin, including Ritchie Ridge, from which several modern Provanna specimens have been reported. Inset shows the Hikurangi subduction zone as part of the transpressive boundary between the Indo−Australian and Pacific Plates. Figure modified from Campbell et al. (2008).

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Fig. 3 in A new fossil provannid gastropod from Miocene hydrocarbon seep deposits, East Coast Basin, North Island, New Zealand

Fig. 3. Field photographs showing the Middle Miocene Rocky Knob type locality and collection location of the assemblages that yielded most of the specimens of Provanna marshalli sp. nov. A. Main scarp of the deposit, white asterisk marks the collection location. B. Slab in which an assemblage (arrowed) was found, located a few metres from a smaller block (not pictured) that yielded the majority of the specimens; locations of photos C and D marked by squares. C, D. Other taxa (arrowed) found in association with the assemblage within the boulder. C. Worm tubes (wide arrow) and lucinid bivalves (thin arrows). D. Bathymodioline bivalves. Photographs taken by KAC (1997: fig. 3A) and KPS (2008: fig. 3B–D).

Fig. 10 in Fish remains, mostly otoliths, from the non-marine early Miocene of Otago, New Zealand

Fig. 10. Comparison of the body scale morphology of Miocene Mataichthys bictenatus with Recent eleotrids. A. Mataichthys bictenatus Schwarzhans, Scofield, Tennyson, and T. Worthy gen. et sp. nov. (holotype, NMNZ S.52752, location 4, Mata Creek, Bannockburn Formation, early Miocene). B. Close−up of Mataichthys bictenatus depicting few preserved alternating primary and secondary cteni. C–E. Schematic drawings of the insertion of cteni on body scales in Gobiomorphus gobioides (Valenciennes, 1837) (from McDowall et al. 2006b) (C), Eleotris sp. (from Roberts 1993) (D), and Mataichthys bictenatus (E).

Fig. 2 in Fish remains, mostly otoliths, from the non-marine early Miocene of Otago, New Zealand

Fig. 2. Stratigraphic section showing the basal part of the Bannockburn Formation at the Manuherikia River location, New Zealand. FRN, Fossil Record Number in the archival Fossil Record File of the Geological Society of New Zealand.

Fig. 9 in Fish remains, mostly otoliths, from the non-marine early Miocene of Otago, New Zealand

Fig. 9. Comparison of the caudal skeleton of Miocene Mataichthys bictenatus and Recent eleotrids based on x−rays (scaled to same size). A. Gobiomorphus gobioides (Valenciennes, 1837), NMNZ P.32815. B. Gobiomorphus australis (Krefft, 1864), ZMUC Jrn.374. C. Gobiomorphus cotidianus McDowall, 1975, NMNZ P.12719−B. D. Philypnodon grandiceps (Krefft, 1864), ZMUC Jrn.115. E. Mataichthys bictenatus Schwarzhans, Scofield, Tennyson, and T. Worthy gen. et sp. nov. (holotype, NMNZ S.52752, location 4, Mata Creek, Bannockburn Formation, early Miocene). F. Butis humeralis (Valenciennes, 1837), ZMUC Jrn.93. G. Ophiocara porocephala (Valenciennes, 1837), ZMUC Jrn.101. H. Ophieleotris aporos (Bleeker, 1854), ZMUC P.781801. I. Culius fuscus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801), ZMUC P.781283. Abbreviations: EP, epurals; H 1+2, fused hypurals 1 and 2; H 3+4+ U, fused urostylar complex and hypurals 3 and 4; H 5, hypural 5; PH, parhypural; PU 2, preural centre 2.

Fig. 8 in Fish remains, mostly otoliths, from the non-marine early Miocene of Otago, New Zealand

Fig. 8. Skeleton finds of eleotrid fishes and field location. A. Skeleton of Mataichthys bictenatus Schwarzhans, Scofield, Tennyson, and T. Worthy gen. et sp. nov., holotype, photograph of slabs with information about counterslabs (red) and splinter with otic capsule (red) and otolith in situ (red) spliced in digitally, NMNZ S.52752, location 4, Mata Creek, Bannockburn Formation, early Miocene. Photographs of slab and counterslabs mounted. B. Skeleton of M. bictenatus, CT−scans of slabs with information about counterslabs (green) spliced in digitally, same specimen as top row. Note that CT−scan images can be distorted and are not used for morphometrics. CT of slabs and counterslabs mounted. C. Head slab of M. bictenatus, found associated with specimen above, with otolith in situ, NMNZ S.52753. D. Photograph of Mata Creek location depicting sedimentary lense from which the fish slabs originated.