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976 results for “Pacific Islands”
FIGURES 10–18 in A new species of Proterhinus Sharp, 1878 (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea: Belidae) from Miti'aro, Cook Islands, South Pacific
FIGURES 10–18. Genitalia of Proterhinus tauai new species. 10: male tergite 8, dorsal view, showing rectal loop; 11, ae- deagus, dorsal view (tegmen coloured blue, tectum yellow, pedon red); 12, aedeagus, lateral view (tegmen coloured blue, tectum yellow, pedon red); 13, male sternite 8, ventral view; 14, female tergite 8, lateral view, showing rectal loop; 15, ovipositor, lateral view; 16, female tergite 8, dorsal view, showing rectal loop; 17, ovipositor, dorsal view; 18, female sternite 8, ventral view. Scale bar = 0.5 mm; all figures to same scale.
FIGURES 2–5 in A new species of Proterhinus Sharp, 1878 (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea: Belidae) from Miti'aro, Cook Islands, South Pacific
FIGURES 2–5. Habitus photographs of Proterhinus tauai new species. 2, 4: female. 3, 5: male. Scale bars = 1 mm.
FIGURE 1. A in Timothy J. Motley (4 June 1965-28 March 2013) and his passion for Ethnobotany and Pacific Islands flora
FIGURE 1. A. Tim two years old (on left), with his brothers Jeremy and Gavin. B. Tim eight years old (middle), on first school day of third grade, waiting for the bus with Jeremy and Gavin. C. Tim on his 14th birthday celebration. D. Tim with Rapa Iti on background, during the 2002 expedition. E. Tim and Tatyana on wedding day. F. Tim teaching, with students at Old Dominium University. A, B and C photos by Joan Motley, D photo by Roland Fenstemacher, E photo by Daniel Atha, F photo by Sushil Paudyal.
FIGURE 4 in New and rare bivalve species for the fauna of the Kuril Islands (northwestern Pacific Ocean): A study of materials collected over 70 years of expeditions (from 1949 to 2019)
FIGURE 4. New and rare bivalve species for the fauna of the Kuril Islands. (A, B) Macoma torelli (Kunashir Island, 220 m, shell length 16.0 mm). (C, D) Kellia comandorica (Urup Island, 20 m, shell length 13.2 mm). (E, F) Kellia kussakini (Urup Island, 10 m, shell length 3.8 mm). (G, H) Adontorhina cyclia (Kunashir Island, 200 m, shell length 2.2 mm). (I–L) Adontorhina inflata (Zelyony Island, 1,742 m): I, exterior view of right valve (shell length 1.4 mm); J–L, scanning electron micrographs: (J) right valve (interior view), (K) both valves (dorsal view; RV up), (L) hinge plate of right valve. (M, P) Netastoma japonicum (South Kuril Strait, 25 m, shell length 12.7 mm). Scale bars: J–L=100 μm.
FIGURE 2 in New and rare bivalve species for the fauna of the Kuril Islands (northwestern Pacific Ocean): A study of materials collected over 70 years of expeditions (from 1949 to 2019)
FIGURE 2. New and rare bivalve species for the fauna of the Kuril Islands. (A, B) Acila divaricata (Kunashir Strait, 200 m, shell length 29.7 mm). (C, D) Acila insignis (Yuri Island, 1000 m, shell length 11.0 mm). (E, F) Nuculana ensiformis (Shikotan Island, 200 m, shell length 22.5 mm). (G, H) Poroleda ushakovi (Shumshu Island, 820 m, shell length 17.1 mm). (I, J) Robaia robai (Kunashir Strait, 300 m, shell length 16.3 mm). (K, L) Yoldia hyperborea (Paramushir Island, 215 m, shell length 19.0 mm). (M, N) Scanning electron micrographs of Huxleyia pentadonta (Paramushir Island, 214 m, shell length 2.3 mm). (O, P) Samacar kurilensis (Iturup Island, 265–270 m, shell length 16.5 mm). (Q, R) Tetrarca boucardi (Shpanberg Strait, 55 m, shell length 20.0 mm). (S, T) Limopsis oliveri (Urup Island, 50 m, shell length 9.0 mm). (U, V) Limopsis vaginata (Iturup Island, 600 m, shell length 26.3 mm).
FIGURE 3 in New and rare bivalve species for the fauna of the Kuril Islands (northwestern Pacific Ocean): A study of materials collected over 70 years of expeditions (from 1949 to 2019)
FIGURE 3. New and rare bivalve species for the fauna of the Kuril Islands. (A, B) Limatula attenuata (Iturup Island, 330 m, shell length 6.6 mm). (C, D) Limatula subauriculata (Iturup Island, 50 m, shell length 4.6 mm). (E, F) Musculus impressus (Urup Island, 123 m, shell length 17.7 mm). (G, H) Parvamussium intuscostatum (Onekotan Island, 146–147 m, shell length 17.2 mm). (I, J) Cardiomya cf. tosaensis (Urup Island, 100 m, shell length 7.8 mm). (K, L) Cetoconcha hyalina (Onekotan Island, 150–198 m, shell length 44.0 mm). (M, N) Dermatomya tenuiconcha (Simushir Island, 100 m, shell length 12.0 mm). (O, P) Poromya castanea (Iturup Island, 290 m, shell length 20.5 mm). (Q, R) Parvithracia sirenkoi (Paramushir Island, 400 m, shell length 7.0 mm). (S, T) Panomya ampla (Onekotan Island, 57 m, shell length 61.6 mm).
Data from: Metapopulation vicariance, age of island taxa and dispersal: a case study using the pacific plant genus Planchonella (Sapotaceae)
Oceanic islands originate from volcanism or tectonic activity without connections to continental landmasses, are colonized by organisms, and eventually vanish due to erosion and subsidence. Colonization of oceanic islands occurs through long-distance dispersals or metapopulation vicariance, the latter resulting in lineages being older than the islands they inhabit. If metapopulation vicariance is valid, island ages cannot be reliably used to provide maximum age constraints for molecular dating. We explore the relationships between the ages of members of a widespread plant genus (Planchonella, Sapotaceae) and their host islands across the Pacific to test various assumptions of dispersal and metapopulation vicariance. We sampled three nuclear DNA markers from 156 accessions representing some 100 Sapotaceae taxa, and analyzed these in BEAST with a relaxed clock to estimate divergence times and with a phylogeographic diffusion model to estimate range expansions over time. The phylogeny was calibrated with a secondary point (the root) and fossils from New Zealand. The dated phylogeny reveals that the ages of Planchonella species are, in most cases, consistent with the ages of the islands they inhabit. Planchonella is inferred to have originated in the Sahul Shelf region, to which it back-dispersed multiple times. Fiji has been an important source for range expansion in the Pacific for the past 23 myr. Our analyses reject metapopulation vicariance in all cases tested, including between oceanic islands, evolution of an endemic Fiji–Vanuatu flora, and westward rollback vicariance between Vanuatu and the Loyalty Islands. Repeated dispersal is the only mechanism able to explain the empirical data. The longest (8900 km) identified dispersal is between Palau in the Pacific and the Seychelles in the Indian Ocean, estimated at 2.2 Ma (0.4–4.8 Ma). The first split in a Hawaiian lineage (P. sandwicensis) matches the age of Necker Island (11.0 Ma), when its ancestor diverged into two species that are distinguished by purple and yellow fruits. Subsequent establishment across the Hawaiian archipelago supports, in part, progression rule colonization. In summary, we found no explanatory power in metapopulation vicariance and conclude that Planchonella has expanded its range across the Pacific by long-distance dispersal. We contend that this will be seen in many other groups when analyzed in detail.
Data from: Exploring the role of Micronesian islands in the maintenance of coral genetic diversity in the Pacific Ocean
Understanding how genetic diversity is maintained across patchy marine environments remains a fundamental problem in marine biology. The Coral Triangle, located in the Indo-West Pacific, is the center of marine biodiversity and has been proposed as an important source of genetic diversity for remote Pacific reefs. Several studies highlight Micronesia, a scattering of hundreds of small islands situated within the North Equatorial Counter Current, as a potentially important migration corridor. To test this hypothesis, we characterized the population genetic structure of two ecologically important congeneric species of reef-building corals across greater Micronesia, from Palau to the Marshall Islands. Genetic divergences between islands followed an isolation-by-distance pattern, with Acropora hyacinthus exhibiting greater genetic divergences than A. digitifera, suggesting different migration capabilities or different effective population sizes for these closely related species. We inferred dispersal distance using a biophysical larval transport model, which helped explain an additional 15-21% of genetic variation compared to between-island geographic distance alone. For both species, genetic divergence accumulates and genetic diversity diminishes with distance from the Coral Triangle, supporting the hypothesis that Micronesian islands act as important stepping-stones connecting the central Pacific with the species rich Coral Triangle. However, for A. hyacinthus, the species with lower genetic connectivity, immigration from the sub-equatorial Pacific begins to play a larger role in shaping diversity than input from the Coral Triangle. This work highlights the enormous dispersal potential of broadcast-spawning corals and identifies the biological and physical drivers that influence coral genetic diversity on a regional scale.
Co-occurrence of beaked whale strandings and naval sonar in the Mariana Islands, Western Pacific
<p>Mid-frequency active sonar (MFAS), used for antisubmarine warfare (ASW), has been associated with multiple beaked whale (BW) mass stranding events. Multinational naval ASW exercises have utilized MFAS offshore of the Mariana Archipelago semi-annually since 2006. We report BW and MFAS acoustic activity near the islands of Saipan and Tinian from March 2010 through November 2014. Signals from Cuvier's (<i>Ziphius cavirostris)</i> and Blainville's beaked whales (<i>Mesoplodon densirostris</i>), and a third unidentified BW species were detected throughout the recording period. Both recorders documented MFAS on 21 August 2011 before two Cuvier's beaked whales stranded on 22-23 August 2011. We compared the history of known naval operations and BW strandings from the Mariana Archipelago to consider potential threats to BW populations. Eight BW stranding events between June 2006 and January 2019 each included 1-3 animals. Half of these strandings occurred during, or within 6 days after naval activities, and this co-occurrence is highly significant. We highlight strandings of individual BWs can be associated with ASW, and emphasize the value of ongoing passive acoustic monitoring, especially for beaked whales that are difficult to visually detect at sea. We strongly recommend more visual monitoring efforts, at sea and along coastlines, for stranded cetaceans before, during, and after naval exercises.</p>
FIGURES 1–6 in Gato hyalinus gen. et sp. nov., an unusual araphid tube-dwelling diatom from Western Pacific and Caribbean islands
FIGURES 1–6: Gato hyalinus light microscopy. Figs 1–4: Live colonies and cells showing mucilage tubes and plastids. Fig. 1. Colony showing branching. A Striatella unipunctata cell (S.u.) has attached to the end of one tube and there appear to be naviculoid cells inside the tubes (some indicated by arrows). Top part of colony partially overlain by a ribbon of Hyalosira interrupta (H.i.) (GU44O-F). Fig. 2: Dividing cell in near-girdle view at apex of colony, at two focal planes. A Licmophora sp. cell (L.) is attached to the outside of the tube (GU44O-F). Fig. 3. Cell in valve view (GU44O-F). Fig. 4: Cells in valve and girdle view with some evidence of a septum (arrow) within the mucilage tube (GU44W-10). Figs 5–6: Acid cleaned valves in LM, oriented with basal pole to left. Fig. 5: Valve at two focal planes showing rimoportulae at both poles (arrows) and faint sternum (GU44Z-15). Fig. 6: Valve with two rimoportulae (arrows), sternum not visible (GU44Z-15). Scale bars: Figs 1–4 = 20 µm; Figs 5, 6 = 10 µm.
FIGURES 20–26 in Gato hyalinus gen. et sp. nov., an unusual araphid tube-dwelling diatom from Western Pacific and Caribbean islands
FIGURES 20–26: Figs 20, 21: Gato hyalinus, SEM. Fig. 20: Head pole showing end of sternum (arrow), radiating striae, and rimoportula (GU44Z-15). Fig. 21: Portion of girdle bands (internal aspect) (Puerto Rico sample). Fig. 22: Florella portoricensis, LM, acid cleaned valve (RMI-M1: 5 m deep, Mile 28, Laura, Majuro Atoll, Marshall Islands). Fig. 23: Florella pascuensis LM, acid cleaned valve, showing a rimoportula (arrow) and one of the rows of transapical slits (arrowhead) (RMI-J5: 1 m deep reef on Kabbenbock Islet, Jaluit Atoll, Marshall Islands). Figs 24–26: Licmophora spp., SEM. Fig. 24: Foot pole of Licmophora proboscidea?, external view showing areolae, rimoportula opening, and multiscissura with 5 slits (GU41D-A1). Fig. 25: Foot pole of Licmophora sp. showing internal and external details of multiscissura (11 slits) and rimoportula. Note absence of rimoportula on the valve in external view. (Palau specimen.) Fig. 26: Licmophora flabellata, internal view of apex showing an apical rimoportula at end of sternum (arrow), plus 2 additional rimoportulae along the sternum (Puerto Rico specimen). Scale bars: Fig. 22, 23 = 10 µm; Fig. 24 = 5 µm; Figs 21, 26 = 2 µm; Figs 20, 25 = 1 µm.
FIGURES 12–19 in Gato hyalinus gen. et sp. nov., an unusual araphid tube-dwelling diatom from Western Pacific and Caribbean islands
FIGURES 12–19: Gato hyalinus, SEM of valves without rimoportula at foot pole. Figs 12–14: Internal view of valve with rimoportula only at apical pole and detail of basal and apical poles (GU55A-C). Apical detail shows rimoportula at end of sternum. Basal detail shows irregular striae and rimmed pores. Figs 15, 16: External details of basal and apical poles of a valve with no basal rimoportula (GU44Z-15). Fig. 15. Basal pole shows three additional rimmed pores (arrows) interrupting transapical striae. Fig. 16: Apical pole shows rimoportula beyond the end of the sternum within the radiating striae. Figs 17, 18: Internal details of basal and apical poles of a valve with no basal rimoportula (GU44Z-15). Fig. 17: Detail of rimmed pores at the basal pole. Fig. 18: Detail of additional rimmed pore. Fig. 19: Detail of areolae along a fracture through the valve (Puerto Rico sample). Scale bars: Fig. 12 = 10 µm; Figs 13–16 = 5 µm; Figs 17, 18 = 1 µm; Fig. 19 = 500 nm.
FIGURES 7–11 in Gato hyalinus gen. et sp. nov., an unusual araphid tube-dwelling diatom from Western Pacific and Caribbean islands
FIGURES 7–11: Gato hyalinus, SEM of valves with rimoportula at foot pole. Figs 7, 8: External view of valve and detail of basal pole showing external opening of rimoportula (arrow Fig. 8, also showing apical rimoportula opening, arrow in Fig. 7) and the two rows of rimmed pores with associated oblique striae ("cat's whiskers"). Fig. 9: Internal view of valve with rimoportulae at both poles (GU44P-B). Figs 10, 11: Details of basal pole with rimoportula in external and internal views (Puerto Rico sample). Scale bars: 7, 9 = 10 µm; 8 = 5 µm; 10, 11 = 2 µm.
FIGURE 5 in Poorly known Ascidiacea collected in the vicinity of the Commander Islands and East Kamchatka, NW Pacific
FIGURE 5. Molgula beringense sp.n. A, holotype (ZMMU As-95) opened along ventral midline, branchial sac removed; B, juvenile specimen, body removed from the test.
FIGURE 6. Molgula tzetlini. A in Poorly known Ascidiacea collected in the vicinity of the Commander Islands and East Kamchatka, NW Pacific
FIGURE 6. Molgula tzetlini. A, specimen opened along ventral midline, branchial sac removed (KBPIG 1066/8); B, body removed from the test (KBPIG 725/6); C, right gonad and renal sac (KBPIG 700/3); D, gut loop and left gonad of juvenile specimen (KBPIG 723/5).
FIGURE 4 in Poorly known Ascidiacea collected in the vicinity of the Commander Islands and East Kamchatka, NW Pacific
FIGURE 4. Molgula cooperi (KBPIG 658/1). A, specimen opened along ventral midline, branchial sac removed; B, anterior part of the right gonad.
FIGURE 3. Ascidia escabanae. A in Poorly known Ascidiacea collected in the vicinity of the Commander Islands and East Kamchatka, NW Pacific
FIGURE 3. Ascidia escabanae. A, dorsal lamina; B, detail of the branchial sac; C, specimen opened along ventral midline, branchial sac removed; D, internal view of antero-dorsal region.
FIGURE 2 in Poorly known Ascidiacea collected in the vicinity of the Commander Islands and East Kamchatka, NW Pacific
FIGURE 2. Ciona gelatinosa (KBPIG 1127/1). A, body removed from the test; B, rectum and genital papilla; C, position of the specimen on the sea floor (from a photo).
FIGURE 1. Ciona pomponiae. A in Poorly known Ascidiacea collected in the vicinity of the Commander Islands and East Kamchatka, NW Pacific
FIGURE 1. Ciona pomponiae. A, internal view of antero-dorsal midline (branchial tentacles, prepharyngeal groove, dorsal tubercle, ganglion and anterior part of dorsal lamina); B, rectum and genital papilla; C, gut loop, pharyngeo-epicardiac openings in retropharyngeal groove, dorsal languets; D, body removed from the test.
FIGURE 1 in Nuclear and plastid DNA data confirm that Sedum tosaense (Crassulaceae) has a disjunct distribution between Pacific mainland Japan and Jeju Island, Korea
FIGURE 1. Habit of Sedum tosaense. A. Plant in Kochi Prefecture, Japan (8 December 2012). B. Plant on Jeju Island, Korea (6 July 2013). Bars = 3 cm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.