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4,462 results for “South America”
Figure 26 in Ontogeny of a new Palaeogene pipid frog from southern South America and xenopodinomorph evolution
Figure 26. Mandibles and hyoid apparatuses of two anuran taxa in ventral view. A, Pipa parva (USNM 115771). B, Silurana tropicalis (KU 195667). Numbers before the colon indicate the character and numbers after the colon indicate the character state. Cartilage is shown in grey, bone is shown in white, and combined grey and stippling denotes calcification. Not to scale.
Figure 23 in Ontogeny of a new Palaeogene pipid frog from southern South America and xenopodinomorph evolution
Figure 23. Scapulae of two anuran taxa in ventral view. A, Pipa carvalhoi (MCZ 97277). B, Xenopus laevis (KU 69842). Numbers before the colon indicate the character and numbers after the colon indicate the character state. Not to scale.
Figure 22. Vertebrae I–IV in Ontogeny of a new Palaeogene pipid frog from southern South America and xenopodinomorph evolution
Figure 22. Vertebrae I–IV of two anuran taxa in dorsal view. A, Xenopus wittei (KU 195673). B, Rhinophrynus dorsalis (KU 69084). Numbers before the colon indicate the character and numbers after the colon indicate the character state. Spaces between bones are shown in black, cartilage is shown in grey, and bone is shown in white. Not to scale.
Figure 4. A–E in Postcranial morphology of the extinct caviine rodent Microcavia criolloensis (late Pleistocene, South America)
Figure 4. A–E, left manus: A, Microcavia niata (JCT-1515); B, Microcavia australis (MLP-DZV-26.VIII.01.21); C, Galea spixii (MN-34417); D, E, Microcavia criolloensis (BRA-3-355 and BRA-3, respectively). F–K, left pes: F, Microcavia niata (JCT-1515); G, Microcavia australis (MLP-DZV-26.VIII.01.21) (inverted image from right); H, Galea musteloides (MLP- DZV-5.VI.00.9); I, Galea spixii (MN-34417); J, K, Microcavia criolloensis (FC-DPV-1686 and 847, respectively).
Figure 3. A–D in Postcranial morphology of the extinct caviine rodent Microcavia criolloensis (late Pleistocene, South America)
Figure 3. A–D, selected articulated skeletal remains of Microcavia criolloensis: A, skull, mandible and part of postcranial skeleton articulated with a close up of left manus (BRA-3-355); B, lateral view of articulated distal end of left humerus, ulna, radius, carpus and metacarpus (BRA-3); C, lateral view of distal end of left tibia and radius, tarsus, metatarsus and phalanges articulated (FC-DPV-847); D, left leg (FC-DPV-1686); E, 'burrow' structures in Sopas Formation (northern Uruguay, Sopas Creek); F, lateral view of scapula of M. niata (JCT-1515) – arrow indicates the teres major process.
Figure 1 in Postcranial morphology of the extinct caviine rodent Microcavia criolloensis (late Pleistocene, South America)
Figure 1. Geographical distribution of living species of Microcavia (1: M. niata, 2: M. shiptoni, 3: M. australis), extinct species in the pampean region (4: M. robusta, M. chapalmalensis and M. reigi), in south-eastern Brazil (5: Microcavia sp.) and geographical locations of the late Pleistocene Microcavia criolloensis in Uruguay indicated by asterisks. 1–4 following Anderson (1997), Quintana (1996), Tognelli et al. (2001), Marquet et al. (1993); 5 following Ubilla et al. (2008).
FIG. 2. — Souzalopesmyia polleti n in Souzalopesmyia Albuquerque, 1951 (Diptera: Muscidae): new species from South America with an updated phylogeny based on morphological evidence, in Touroult J. (ed.), "Our Planet Reviewed" 2015 large-scale biotic survey in Mitaraka, French Guiana.
FIG. 2. — Souzalopesmyia polleti n. sp.: A-D, ♂: sternite 5, dorsal view (A); epandrium, cercal plate and surstyli, dorsal view (B); epandrium, cercal plate and surstyli, lateral view (C); hypandrium and associated structures, lateral view (D); E-H, ♀: ovipositor, dorsal view (E); ovipositor, ventral view (F); spermatheca (G). Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
GlobBiomass dataset of forest biomass, South America N (25 m)
<p>The dataset consists of a map of above ground forest biomass (AGB, unit: tons/ha i.e., Mg/ha) of the South American region (between 10°S and 24°N) for the year 2010 (raster dataset) with a pixel size of 25 m x 25 m. AGB is defined as the mass, expressed as oven-dry weight of the woody parts (stem, bark, branches and twigs) of all living trees excluding stump and roots. Per-pixel estimates of above-ground biomass uncertainty expressed as standard error in Mg/ha (raster dataset) are also provided. </p> <p>The AGB estimates were obtained from spaceborne SAR (ALOS PALSAR, Envisat ASAR), optical (Landsat-7), LiDAR (ICESAT), auxiliary datasets with multiple estimation procedures (Santoro et al., ESSD, 2021). </p> <p>In this repository, the AGB data are available in form of tiles of 2° x 2° (bounding box: longitude -180°E/-26°E latitude: -10°N/+24°N).</p> <p>This dataset is the basis for the official GlobBiomass dataset consisting of global estimates of forest biomass with 1 ha pixels (<a href="https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.894711">https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.894711</a>). The dataset in this repository represents the original GlobBiomass dataset of AGB from which the official dataset was obtained after averaging from 25 m to 100 m. Given the lower accuracy of the 25 m pixel-based estimates, it is recommended to use the official GlobBiomass dataset unless detailed spatial resolution is a fundamental asset. </p> <p>Technical specifications are provided in the file README_GLOBBIOMASS_South_America_N_20210428.pdf</p>
Fig. 2 in First monotreme from the Late Cretaceous of South America
Fig. 2 Comparisons of the second lower molar of selected monotremaformes in occlusal view. a, Patagorhynchus pascuali (based in MPM-PV-23087); b, Obdurodon insignis2,19; c, Monotrematum sudamericanum17; d, Teinolophus trusleri20. Not to scale. Abbreviations: NC1, neoformation cusp 1.
Fig. 3 in First monotreme from the Late Cretaceous of South America
Fig. 3 Simplified calibrated cladogram showing the phylogenetic affinities of Patagorhynchus pascuali. Basal Monotremaformes44 are indicated in red and Monotremata in green. The Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) palaeogeographical map (based in Scotese35) indicates the fossiliferous sites that yielded fossil toothed monotremes and distribution of the extant platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus shaded in light brown. [1], occurrence of Patagorhynchus pascuali, La Anita farm, Chorrillo Formation (Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous); [2], occurrence of Monotrematum sudamericanum, Punta Peligro locality, Salamanca Formation (Danian, lower Paleocene); [3], occurrence of Obdurodon spp., different localities from South Australia, Queensland, and New South Wales Oligocene-Pliocene); [4], Pleistocene occurrences and geographic distribution of extant Ornithorhynchus anatinus.
Fig. 1 in First monotreme from the Late Cretaceous of South America
Fig. 1 Images of Patagorhynchus pascuali, MPM-PV-23087. Lower molar 2 and part of the right jaw, in a, occlusal view; b, medial/lingual view; c, lateral/labial view; d, posterior view; e, anterior view. Scale bar: length 2 mm. Abbreviations, ac, anterior cingulid; alv, alveolus; ant, anterior; ar, anterior root; hy, hypoconid; hl, hypoconulid; lapcc, labial posterior cingular cusp; liacc, lingual anterior cingular cusp; me, metaconid; mv, mid-valley; NC1, neomorphic cusp 1; pa, paraconid; pc, posterior cingulid; pr, protoconid; prt, posterior root.
Bioclimatic outputs for Last Glacial Maximum South America for LPX, bias-corrected to pollen records
<p>LPX model output for South America for the Last Glacial Maximum. We provide outputs for LPX driven by four GCM simulated climates along with an ensemble average:</p> <ul> <li>MIROC.tar.gz: LPX driven by MIROC3.2</li> <li>FGOALS.tar.gz: driven by FGOALS-1.0g</li> <li>HAD.tar.gz: HadCM3M2</li> <li>CNRM.tar.gz: CNRM-CM33</li> <li>Ensemble.tar.gz: The mean of each output variable for the four models.</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>Driving data comes from the Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project Phase II (PMIP2)<sup>1,2</sup>. See Sato et al. <sup>3</sup> for modelling protocol.</p> <p>Each model’s directory contains “uncorrected” and “corrected” directories. With each of these are bioclimatic maps outputted from LPX and biome information:</p> <ul> <li>fpc.nc: fractional projected cover of all vegetation</li> <li>height.nc: mean height of vegetations</li> <li>gdd.nc: Growing Degree Days base 2</li> <li>tropical.nc: proportion of vegetated areas taken up by tropical trees and c4 grasses</li> <li>temperate.nc: proportion of vegetated areas taken up by temperate trees and c3 grasses</li> <li>evergreen.nc: proportion of tree cover that is composed of evergreen trees</li> <li>biome.nc: the assigned biomes from these data, based on a modified version of Sato et al. <sup>3</sup>. See “biomisation” below.</li> <li>cluster.nc: In “corrected” only. The spatial location of kmean clusters of fpc vs height. See <sup>4</sup> for details.</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>“Uncorrected” is from Sato et al. <sup>3</sup>. “Corrected” is bias-corrected to match the 42 pollen-core observations taken from Marchant et al. <sup>5</sup> We do this by shifting the total vegetation cover and composition, height, and growing degree day (GDD) DVM output to the closest boundary of the corresponding biome of the pollen core in that specific location. We then extrapolate this correction between pollen-core locations across the Neotropics. See Kelley et al. <sup>4</sup> for details.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Biomeisation</strong></p> <p>"Biomeisation.png" displays the scheme. We primarily split biomes by FPCs of 0.3 and 0.6, with biomes > 0.6 split by a height of 10m. Forests (>0.6 FPC and > 10m) is split by GDD, Evergreen FPC (EG) and Tropical or temperate FPC (TR, TM). Likewise, we split FPCs> 0.6 and heights <10m into savanna, woodland and parkland using EG and TR. We additionally assign Tropical savanna >5m to Woodland/Tropical savanna. We divided desert, dry grassland and (shrub)-tundra by FPC of 0.3 and GDD of 350°C. See Kelley et al. <sup>4</sup> for details.</p>
FIG. 4 in Nitella sonderi A.Braun (Charales, Charophyceae) - a new record for South America, and first record from outside Australia
FIG. 4. — ML phylogenetic tree inferred in PAUP with GTR + I + G nucleotide substitution model from 66 rbcL sequences of Nitella C.Agardh. Support (ML/BI, BP ≥ 50% and PP ≥ 0.95) are given above/below the branches. Branches with 100% BP, 1.00 PP and sequences obtained for this study are shown in boldface. The branch leading to the outgroup was reduced by three quarters in length. Clade designation is according to Sakayama (2008).
FIG. 5 in Nitella sonderi A.Braun (Charales, Charophyceae) - a new record for South America, and first record from outside Australia
FIG. 5. – ML phylogenetic tree inferred in PAUP with GTR + I + G nucleotide substitution model from 56 ITS sequences of Nitella C.Agardh. Support (ML/BI, BP ≥ 50% and PP ≥ 0.95) are given above/below the branches. Branches with 100% BP, 1.00 PP and sequences obtained for this study are shown in boldface. The branch leading to the outgroup was reduced by 50% in length. Clade designation is according to Sakayama (2008).
FIG. 2 in Nitella sonderi A.Braun (Charales, Charophyceae) - a new record for South America, and first record from outside Australia
FIG. 2. – Male plants of Nitella sonderi A.Braun from Argentina (LE): A, whorl of sterile branchlets; B, sterile branchlet; C, apex with whorls of fertile branchlets forming lax head; D, lax apical head consisting of fertile branchlets, embedded in mucilage 3-furcate "prolification" looking as a fertile branchlet without a central secondary ray from the lateral tertiary ray at the furcation of the central secondary ray (double arrowhead); E, last furcations of fertile branchlets with long straight dactyls; F, fertile branchlet with antheridia obviously unequal each other; G, mucilage cover of fertile branchlet (double arrowhead), mucilage cover of branchlet primary ray; H, antheridia at last furcations of branchlet surrounded with short dactyls, arcuate at their basal parts. Note: A-C, arrowheads represent central secondary ray; D, F, G, arrowheads represent surface of mucilage cover. Photos taken by R. Vidal-Russell. Scale bars: A, E, F, 2 mm; B-D, 5 mm; G, H, 1 mm.
FIG. 3 in Nitella sonderi A.Braun (Charales, Charophyceae) - a new record for South America, and first record from outside Australia
FIG. 3. – Male plants of Nitella sonderi A.Braun from Argentina (LE): A, B, cells extending from the node at the base of the lowest branchlet cell at different focus (arrowheads at A); C-E, shortly narrowing ends of bicellulate dactyls with discoloured tiny confluent end cells having thickened cell walls at the tip; F, end of dactyl after loss of end cell; G, H, triangular shields of antheridia. All photos taken by R. E. Romanov, but H by R. Vidal-Russell. Scale bars: 100 μm.
FIG. 1 in Nitella sonderi A.Braun (Charales, Charophyceae) - a new record for South America, and first record from outside Australia
FIG. 1. – Apical parts of Nitella sonderi A.Braun from Argentina with sterile and fertile whorls (LE). Note: arrowhead, sterile whorls; double arrowhead, fertile whorls of male plants. Photo taken by R. E. Romanov. Scale bar: 1 cm.
Figure 2 in Taxonomy of the Neotropical species of Calythea (Anthomyiidae: Diptera), with description of two new species from South America
Figure 2 Calythea cochlearis new species Male: head, frontal view (A); habitus, dorsal view (B); habitus, lateral view (C); Female: head, frontal view (D); habitus, dorsal view (E); habitus, lateral view (F). Bar= 0.5 mm.
Figure 4 in Taxonomy of the Neotropical species of Calythea (Anthomyiidae: Diptera), with description of two new species from South America
Figure 4 Calythea male terminalia: C. andina new species: sternite 5, dorsal view (A); epandrium, cerci and surstyli dorsal (B) and lateral (C) view; aedeagus and associated structures, lateral view (D). Calythea cochlearis new species: sternite 5, dorsal view (E); epandrium, cerci and surstyli dorsal (F) and lateral (G) view; aedeagus and associated structures, lateral view (H). Calythea comis: sternite 5, dorsal view (I); epandrium, cerci and surstyli dorsal (J) and lateral (K) view; aedeagus and associated structures, lateral view (L).Calythea crenata: sternite 5, dorsal view (M); epandrium, cerci and surstyli dorsal (N) and lateral (O) view; aedeagus and associated structures, lateral view (P). Calythea micropteryx: sternite 5, dorsal view (Q); epandrium, cerci and surstyli dorsal (R) and lateral (S) view; aedeagus and associated structures, lateral view (T).
Figure 3 in Taxonomy of the Neotropical species of Calythea (Anthomyiidae: Diptera), with description of two new species from South America
Figure 3 Calythea comis. Male: head, frontal view (A); habitus, dorsal view (B); Female: habitus, dorsal view (C). Calythea crenata. Male: head, frontal view (D); habitus, dorsal view (E); Female: habitus, dorsal view (F). Calythea micropteryx. Male: head, frontal view (G); habitus, dorsal view (H); Female: habitus, dorsal view (I). Bar= 0.5 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.