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Fig. 4 in Progress in erigonine spider phylogeny-the Savignia-group is not monophyletic (Araneae: Linyphiidae)
Fig. 4 Continuation of Fig. 3, showing clade 21
Table 4. Molecular dating and ancestral area reconstruction results for Liphistius using S in Molecular phylogeny, biogeography, and species delimitation of segmented spider genus Liphistius (Araneae: Liphistiidae) in Thailand
<p><b>Table 4.</b> Molecular dating and ancestral area reconstruction results for <i>Liphistius</i> using S-DIVALIKE+J. The letters A–I correspond to geographical locations shown in Figure 4. The notation shows the biogeographic event in the phylogenetic tree (Fig. 4A) includes →: from the parent node to descendent nodes; ^: Sympatric speciation; |: Vicariance.</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Diversification events</b></th><th><b>Dates</b></th><th><b>DIVALIKE+J</b></th><th></th><th></th></tr><tr><th></th><th><b>(Mya)</b></th><th><b>Ancestral areas</b></th><th><b>Process</b></th><th><b>Route and probability</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of Liphistiidae</th><td>100</td><td>BCI 13.60</td><td>Dispersal:0</td><td>BCI→I|BC</td></tr><tr><th>(Fig. 4, number 1)</th><td></td><td>CEI 13.33</td><td>Vicariance:1</td><td>prob:.02</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>BEI 10.96</td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of Heptathelinae</th><td>58.43</td><td>I 100</td><td>Dispersal:0</td><td>I→I^I→I| I</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td>Vicariance:0</td><td>prob: 1.00</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of <i>Liphistius</i></th><td>53.61</td><td>BC 14.34</td><td>Dispersal:0</td><td>BC→C|B</td></tr><tr><th>(Fig. 4, number 2)</th><td></td><td>CE 14.05</td><td>Vicariance:1</td><td>prob:.03</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>C 12.37</td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of <i>L. indra</i> + <i>L.</i></th><td>45.51</td><td>C 45.23</td><td>Dispersal:1</td><td>C→CE→C|E</td></tr><tr><th><i>lahu</i> (Fig. 4, number 3)</th><td></td><td>E 38.20</td><td>Vicariance:1</td><td>prob:.45</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>CE 16.50</td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of <i>trang</i> species</th><td>49.61</td><td>B 39.38</td><td>Dispersal:1</td><td>B→DB→D|B</td></tr><tr><th>group + <i>bristowei</i> species group (Fig. 3, number 4)</th><td></td><td>D 30.43</td><td>Vicariance:1</td><td>prob:.30</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>BD 14.72</td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of <i>bristowei</i> spe-</th><td>32.86</td><td>D 75.76</td><td>Dispersal:0</td><td>D→D^D→D|D</td></tr><tr><th>cies group (Fig. 4, number 5)</th><td></td><td>C 21.28</td><td>Vicariance:0</td><td>prob:.55</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>A 2.02</td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of <i>trang</i> species</th><td>46.54</td><td>B 99.88</td><td>Dispersal:0</td><td>B→B^B→B| B</td></tr><tr><th>group (Fig. 4, number 6)</th><td></td><td>A 0.08</td><td>Vicariance:0</td><td>prob: 1.00</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>H 0.01</td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of Sibumasu I</th><td>41.39</td><td>B 100</td><td>Dispersal:0</td><td>B→B^B→B|B</td></tr><tr><th>clade (Fig. 4, number 7)</th><td></td><td></td><td>Vicariance:0</td><td>prob: 1.00</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of Sinbumasu II–</th><td>42.48</td><td>B 99.76</td><td>Dispersal:0</td><td>B→B^B→B|B</td></tr><tr><th>IV and Indochina clades (Fig. 4, number 8)</th><td></td><td>A 0.18</td><td>Vicariance:0</td><td>prob:.96</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>G 0.03</td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of Shibumasu II</th><td>30.56</td><td>B 99.91</td><td>Dispersal:0</td><td>B→B^B→B|B</td></tr><tr><th>(Fig. 4, number 9)</th><td></td><td>A 0.09</td><td>Vicariance:0</td><td>prob:.97</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of Shibumasu</th><td>38.89</td><td>B 96.03</td><td>Dispersal:1</td><td>B→AB→A|B</td></tr><tr><th>III–IV and Indochina clade (Fig. 4, number 10)</th><td></td><td>A 2.65</td><td>Vicariance:1</td><td>prob:.48</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>G 0.67</td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of Shibumasu III</th><td>31.69</td><td>A 51.95</td><td>Dispersal:0</td><td>A→A^A→A| A</td></tr><tr><th>(Fig. 4, number 11)</th><td></td><td>B 48.05</td><td>Vicariance:0</td><td>prob:.26</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of Shibumasu</th><td>34.81</td><td>B 96.15</td><td>Dispersal:1</td><td>B→BG→B| G</td></tr><tr><th>IV + Indochina clade (Fig. 4, number 12)</th><td></td><td>G 1.94</td><td>Vicariance:1</td><td>prob:.48</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>H 1.90</td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of Shibumasu IV</th><td>17.02</td><td>B 100</td><td>Dispersal:0</td><td>B→B^B→B|B</td></tr><tr><th>(Fig. 4, number 13)</th><td></td><td></td><td>Vicariance:0</td><td>prob: 1.00</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of Indochina</th><td>31.15</td><td>G 50.43</td><td>Dispersal:1</td><td>G→GH→G|H</td></tr><tr><th>clade (Fig. 4, number 14)</th><td></td><td>H 49.38</td><td>Vicariance:1</td><td>prob:.50</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>D 0.20</td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
Table 3 in Molecular phylogeny, biogeography, and species delimitation of segmented spider genus Liphistius (Araneae: Liphistiidae) in Thailand
<p><b>Table 3.</b> Results of Bayes factor delimitation (BFD). Marginal likelihoods of six competing species hypotheses, computed from the concatenated alignments. The log marginal likelihoods are ranked from lowest (6) to highest (1); the Bayes factor (BF) is calculated using 2lnBF = 2 × (marginal likelihood of the highest rank species model − marginal likelihood of each lower rank species model), with 2lnBF> 10 being considered as decisive support for the highest rank species model 1.</p><table><tbody><tr><th></th><th><b>Number of species</b></th><th><b>Marginal likelihood</b></th><th><b>Rank</b></th><th><b>(lnBF)</b></th><th><b>2lnBF</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>mGMYC</th><td>72</td><td>−31519.92277</td><td>6</td><td>52.067437</td><td>104.13487</td></tr><tr><th>bPTP</th><td>65</td><td>−31518.39951</td><td>5</td><td>50.544171</td><td>101.08834</td></tr><tr><th>mPTP</th><td>52</td><td>−31497.18524</td><td>4</td><td>29.329904</td><td>58.659809</td></tr><tr><th>sPTP</th><td>65</td><td>−31483.86739</td><td>3</td><td>16.012054</td><td>32.024108</td></tr><tr><th>sGMYC</th><td>53</td><td>−31480.86681</td><td>2</td><td>13.011473</td><td>26.022947</td></tr><tr><th>STACEY</th><td>56</td><td>−31467.85533</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
Table 1 in Molecular phylogeny, biogeography, and species delimitation of segmented spider genus Liphistius (Araneae: Liphistiidae) in Thailand
<p><b>Table 1.</b> Collecting localities with GPS coordinates, species and species group identification, and geological classification.</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>No.</b></th><th><b>Localities</b></th><th><b>Latitude</b></th><th><b>Longitude</b></th><th><b>Altitude (m)</b></th><th><b>Sample identify</b></th><th><b>Geological terrains</b></th><th><b>Areas</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><i>birmanicus group:</i></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>1</th><td>Mae Sun, Fang District, Chiang Mai</td><td>19.86°N</td><td>99.05°E</td><td>1646</td><td><i>Liphistius lahu</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>C</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><b><i>bristowei</i> group:</b></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>2</th><td>Kuet Chang, Mae Taeng District, Chiang 19.32°N Mai</td><td>98.60°E</td><td>1545</td><td><i>Liphistius lannaianus</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>C</td></tr><tr><th>3</th><td>Suthep, Mueang Chiang Mai District, Chiang Mai</td><td>18.80°N</td><td>98.90°E</td><td>1110</td><td><i>Liphistius bristowei s.l.</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>C</td></tr><tr><th>4</th><td>Tha Pha, Mae Chaem District, Chiang Mai</td><td>18.51°N</td><td>98.48°E</td><td>1428</td><td><i>Liphistius bristowei s.l., Liphistius yamasakii</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>C</td></tr><tr><th>5</th><td>Mae Koeng, Wang Chin District, Phrae</td><td>17.97°N</td><td>99.59°E</td><td>389</td><td><i>Liphistius</i> sp. WKS</td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>F</td></tr><tr><th>6</th><td>Mae Tho, Mueang Tak District, Tak-A</td><td>16.79°N</td><td>98.92°E</td><td>881</td><td><i>Liphistius jarujini</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>D</td></tr><tr><th>7</th><td>Mae Tho, Mueang Tak District, Tak-B</td><td>16.72°N</td><td>98.97°E</td><td>967</td><td><i>Liphistius marginatus</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>D</td></tr><tr><th>8</th><td>Wang Nam Yen, Wang Chao District, Tak 16.64°N</td><td>99.02°E</td><td>868</td><td><i>Liphistius marginatus</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>D</td></tr><tr><th>9</th><td>Pang Ta Wai, Pang Sila Thong District, Kamphaeng Phet</td><td>16.09°N</td><td>99.12°E</td><td>1250</td><td><i>Liphistius maewongensis</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>D</td></tr><tr><th>10</th><td>Rabam, Lan Sak District, Uthai Thani</td><td>15.61°N</td><td>99.32°E</td><td>214</td><td><i>Liphistius</i> sp. HKK</td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>D</td></tr><tr><th>11</th><td>Nong Lu, Sangkhlaburi District, Kanchanaburi-A</td><td>15.22°N</td><td>98.37°E</td><td>197</td><td><i>Liphistius</i> sp. Sangkraburi</td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>A</td></tr><tr><th>12</th><td>Nong Lu, Sangkhlaburi District, Kanchanaburi-B</td><td>15.16°N</td><td>98.34°E</td><td>183</td><td><i>Liphistius</i> sp. Sangkraburi</td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>A</td></tr><tr><th>13</th><td>Pilok, Thong Pha Phum District, Kanchanaburi</td><td>14.69°N</td><td>98.40°E</td><td>938</td><td><i>Liphistius</i> sp. TPP</td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>A</td></tr><tr><th>14</th><td>Pa Kar Ri, Dawei, Myanmar</td><td>14.10°N</td><td>98.30°E</td><td>39</td><td><i>Liphistius</i> sp. DW</td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>A</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><b><i>trang</i> group:</b></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>15</th><td>Noen Phoem, Nakhon Thai District, Phitsanulok</td><td>17.00°N</td><td>101.01°E</td><td>1238</td><td><i>Liphistius onoi</i></td><td>Indochina</td><td>H</td></tr><tr><th>16</th><td>Sap Sawang, Nam Nao District, Phetchabun</td><td>16.74°N</td><td>101.58°E</td><td>859</td><td><i>Liphistius pusohm</i></td><td>Indochina</td><td>H</td></tr><tr><th>17</th><td>Tat Ton, Mueang Chaiyaphum, Chaiyaphum</td><td>15.98°N</td><td>102.04°E</td><td>285</td><td><i>Liphistius</i> sp. TT</td><td>Indochina</td><td>H</td></tr><tr><th>18</th><td>Huai Yang, Mueang Sakon Nakhon District, Sakon Nakhon</td><td>17.10°N</td><td>103.97°E</td><td>308</td><td><i>Liphistius isan</i></td><td>Indochina</td><td>H</td></tr><tr><th>19</th><td>Nong Pla Lai, Mueang Saraburi District, Saraburi</td><td>14.44°N</td><td>100.96°E</td><td>98</td><td><i>Liphistius</i> sp. SL</td><td>Indochina</td><td>G</td></tr><tr><th>20</th><td>Wang Phae, Kaeng Khoi District, Saraburi</td><td>14.53°N</td><td>101.04°E</td><td>74</td><td><i>Liphistius</i> sp. CPP</td><td>Indochina</td><td>H</td></tr><tr><th>21</th><td>Mittraphap, Muak Lek District, Saraburi</td><td>14.58°N</td><td>101.15°E</td><td>280</td><td><i>Liphistius tham</i></td><td>Indochina</td><td>H</td></tr><tr><th>22</th><td>Chet Khot, Kaeng Khoi District, Saraburi 14.47°N</td><td>101.17°E</td><td>201</td><td><i>Liphistius</i> sp. CK</td><td>Indochina</td><td>H</td></tr><tr><th>23</th><td>Sarika, Mueang Nakhon Nayok District, Nakhon Nayok</td><td>14.34°N</td><td>101.30°E</td><td>157</td><td><i>Liphistius</i> sp. WTK</td><td>Indochina</td><td>H</td></tr><tr><th>24</th><td>Mu Si, Mueang Nakhon Nayok District, Nakhon Nayok</td><td>14.44°N</td><td>101.37°E</td><td>754</td><td><i>Liphistius thoranie</i></td><td>Indochina</td><td>H</td></tr><tr><th>25</th><td>Na Hin Lat, Pak Phli District, Nakhon Nayok</td><td>14.37°N</td><td>101.41°E</td><td>1171</td><td><i>Liphistius thoranie</i></td><td>Indochina</td><td>H</td></tr><tr><th>26</th><td>Udom Sap, Wang Nam Khiao District, Nakhon Ratchasima</td><td>14.51°N</td><td>101.93°E</td><td>372</td><td><i>Liphistius</i> sp. SKR</td><td>Indochina</td><td>H</td></tr><tr><th>27</th><td>Na Chaluai, Na Chaluai District, Ubon Ratchathani</td><td>14.44°N</td><td>105.27°E</td><td>354</td><td><i>Liphistius dangrek</i></td><td>Indochina</td><td>H</td></tr><tr><th>28</th><td>Bang Phra, Si Racha District, Chon Buri</td><td>13.24°N</td><td>101.05°E</td><td>326</td><td><i>Liphistius sayam</i></td><td>Indochina</td><td>D</td></tr><tr><th>29</th><td>Pluang, Khao Khitchakut District, Chanthaburi</td><td>12.84°N</td><td>102.12°E</td><td>79</td><td><i>Liphistius ornatus</i></td><td>Indochina</td><td>G</td></tr><tr><th>30</th><td>Phe, Mueang Rayong District, Rayong</td><td>12.57°N</td><td>101.45°E</td><td>69</td><td><i>Liphistius phileion</i></td><td>Indochina</td><td>D</td></tr><tr><th>31</th><td>Phliu, Laem Sing District, Chanthaburi</td><td>12.53°N</td><td>102.18°E</td><td>116</td><td><i>Liphistius tenuis</i></td><td>Indochina</td><td>G</td></tr><tr><th>32</th><td>Ko Chang, Ko Chang District, Trat</td><td>12.11°N</td><td>102.27°E</td><td>84</td><td><i>Liphistius nesioticus</i></td><td>Indochina</td><td>G</td></tr><tr><th>33</th><td>Tha Kradan, Si Sawat District, Kanchanaburi-A</td><td>14.37°N</td><td>99.14°E</td><td>272</td><td><i>Liphistius erawan s.l.</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>A</td></tr><tr><th>34</th><td>Tha Kradan, Si Sawat District, Kanchanaburi-B</td><td>14.39°N</td><td>99.13°E</td><td>229</td><td><i>Liphistius erawan s.l.</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>A</td></tr><tr><th>35</th><td>Tha Sao,Sai Yok District, Kanchanaburi-A 14.38°N</td><td>98.93°E</td><td>380</td><td><i>Liphistius erawan s.l.</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>A</td></tr><tr><th>36</th><td>Tha Sao, Sai Yok District, Kanchanaburi-B</td><td>14.24°N</td><td>99.06°E</td><td>158</td><td><i>Liphistius erawan s.l.</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>A</td></tr><tr><th>37</th><td>Wang Krachae, Sai Yok District, Kanchanaburi</td><td>14.20°N</td><td>99.02°E</td><td>510</td><td><i>Liphistius</i> sp. TNL</td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>A</td></tr><tr><th>38</th><td>Suan Som, Thap Sakae District, Phra Chaup Khirikhan</td><td>11.57°N</td><td>99.54°E</td><td>108</td><td><i>Liphistius albipes</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>A</td></tr><tr><th>39</th><td>Na Sak, Sawi District, Chumphon</td><td>10.23°N</td><td>98.95°E</td><td>48</td><td><i>Liphistius keeratikiati</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>A</td></tr><tr><th>40</th><td>Na Kha, Suk Samran District, Ranong</td><td>9.46°N</td><td>98.50°E</td><td>52</td><td><i>Liphistius bicoloripes, Liphistius castaneus,</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>B</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><i>Liphistius schwendingeri s.l.</i></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>41</th><td>Krung Ching, Nopphitam District, Nakhon Si Thammarat</td><td>8.72°N</td><td>99.67°E</td><td>248</td><td><i>Liphistius niphanae</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>B</td></tr><tr><th>42</th><td>Khlong Ya, Ao Luek District, Krabi</td><td>8.35°N</td><td>98.9°E</td><td>129</td><td><i>Liphistius</i> sp. KPN</td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>B</td></tr><tr><th>43</th><td>Mueang Krabi District, Krabi</td><td>8.24°N</td><td>98.92°E</td><td>307</td><td><i>Liphistius fuscus</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>B</td></tr><tr><th>44</th><td>Khanaen, Thalang District, Phuket</td><td>8.03°N</td><td>98.36°E</td><td>89</td><td><i>Liphistius phuketensis</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>B</td></tr><tr><th>45</th><td>Chong, Na Yong District, Trang</td><td>7.55°N</td><td>99.79°E</td><td>161</td><td><i>Liphistius trang</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>B</td></tr><tr><th>46</th><td>Lam Khlaeng, Palian District, Trang</td><td>7.29°N</td><td>99.88°E</td><td>89</td><td><i>Liphistius</i> sp. T</td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>B</td></tr><tr><th>47</th><td>Lang Khao, Kantang District, Trang</td><td>7.27°N</td><td>99.38°E</td><td>37</td><td><i>Liphistius thaleri</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>B</td></tr><tr><th>48</th><td>Kho Hong, Hat Yai District, Songkhla</td><td>7.04°N</td><td>100.51°E</td><td>162</td><td><i>Liphistius hatyai</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>B</td></tr><tr><th>49</th><td>Chalung, Hat Yai District, Songkhla</td><td>6.95°N</td><td>100.24°E</td><td>167</td><td><i>Liphistius yangae s.l.</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>B</td></tr><tr><th>50</th><td>Wang Prachan, Khuan Don District, Satun</td><td>6.71°N</td><td>100.17°E</td><td>174</td><td><i>Liphistius yangae s.l.</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>B</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Rayong, Thailand (GPS unavailable, Not show on the map)</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td><i>Liphistius cf. ornatus</i></td><td>Indochina</td><td>D</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><b><i>linang</i> group:</b></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>51</th><td>Sai Khao, Khok Pho District, Pattani</td><td>6.66°N</td><td>101.10°E</td><td>83</td><td><i>Liphistius indra</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>E</td></tr></tbody></table>
Figure 53 in DNA sequences corroborate Soesiladeepakius as a non-salticoid genus of jumping spiders: placement with lapsiines, phylogeny, and description of six new species (Araneae, Salticidae)
Figure 53. Map of the Amazonian region showing species records.
Figure 3–4 in DNA sequences corroborate Soesiladeepakius as a non-salticoid genus of jumping spiders: placement with lapsiines, phylogeny, and description of six new species (Araneae, Salticidae)
Figure 3–4. Soesiladeepakius lyra sp. nov., male. 3, dorsal view. 4, lateral view.
Figure 1–2 in DNA sequences corroborate Soesiladeepakius as a non-salticoid genus of jumping spiders: placement with lapsiines, phylogeny, and description of six new species (Araneae, Salticidae)
Figure 1–2. Soesiladeepakius lyra sp. nov. 1, male. 2, female. Photos: G. R. S. Ruiz.
Figure 59 in The lace web spiders (Araneae, Phyxelididae) of Madagascar: phylogeny, biogeography and taxonomy
Figure 59. Distribution of Madagascar Phyxelididae.
Figure 57 in The lace web spiders (Araneae, Phyxelididae) of Madagascar: phylogeny, biogeography and taxonomy
Figure 57. Distribution of Madagascar Phyxelididae.
Figure 17 in An extraordinary new genus of spiders from Western Australia with an expanded hypothesis on the phylogeny of Tetragnathidae (Araneae)
Figure 17. Map of the collection records of Pinkfloydia harveii sp. nov.
Figure 12 in Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genera of south-western North American Euctenizinae trapdoor spiders and their relatives (Araneae: Mygalomorphae, Cyrtaucheniidae)
Figure 12. Entychides arizonica from Cochise County, Arizona, 5 miles south-west of Portal (SWRS) in AMNH. A, male leg I, retrolateral aspect. B, spermathecal receptula.
Figure 90. Theridiid palps. A in Morphological phylogeny of cobweb spiders and their relatives (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae)
Figure 90. Theridiid palps. A, Anelosimus sp. nov. (Tanzania). B, ditto, sperm duct trajectory. C, Anelosimus vittatus. D, ditto, sperm duct trajectory. E, indicating loops of A. vittatus sperm duct trajectory. F, G, Episinus angulatus (Blackwall) (redrawn from Knoflach, 1993). H, Carniella schwendingeri Knoflach (redrawn from Knoflach, 1996). Trichobothria omitted in F–H.
Figure 88 in Morphological phylogeny of cobweb spiders and their relatives (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae)
Figure 88. SEM images of theridiid egg sacs. A, B, Latrodectus geometricus. A, sac with fairly densely woven fibres (232-0). B, details of individual fibres (233-0). C, D, Thwaitesia sp. C, loosely woven sac, the outermost fibres extremely loose (232-1). D, details of an extremely spiny fibre (233-1), perhaps a protection against predators/parasites. The phylogenetic distribution of spiny eggsac fibres is unknown. E, F, Argyrodes sp. E, densely woven sac with smooth fibres (233-0) and a distinct stalk (230-1). F, details of stalk, a synapomorphy of Argyrodinae. G, H, Theridion sp. G, dense egg sac. H, details of fibres. Scale bars: A, C, E, G, 100 Mm; F, 50 Mm; B, D, H, 10 Mm.
Figure 94. A in Morphological phylogeny of cobweb spiders and their relatives (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae)
Figure 94. A, Ariamnes, male habitus. B, Argyrodes, male habitus. C, Faiditus, male habitus. D, Rhomphaea, male habitus. E, Neospintharus, male habitus. F, Stemmops sp., female abdomen. G, Anelosimus eximius, female abdomen. H, Theridion pictum, female abdomen. I, Ameridion petrum, female abdomen. J, Anelosimus sp. 1, habitus. K, Anelosimus sp. 1, abdomen ventral.
Figure 82. Theridula opulenta. A, epiandrous gland spigots. B-F, female. B, epigynum. C, spinnerets. D in Morphological phylogeny of cobweb spiders and their relatives (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae)
Figure 82. Theridula opulenta. A, epiandrous gland spigots. B-F, female. B, epigynum. C, spinnerets. D, PLS and PMS. E, area around pedicel on abdomen. F, abdomen surface; note abundance of sclerotized depressions, possibly apodemes (arrows). Scale bars: A, B, D, 20 Mm. C, F, 50 Mm. E, 100 Mm.
Figure 78. Theridion longipedatum. A–D, spinnerets. A, all. B, PMS. C in Morphological phylogeny of cobweb spiders and their relatives (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae)
Figure 78. Theridion longipedatum. A–D, spinnerets. A, all. B, PMS. C, ALS; note unusual presence of two major ampullate spigots (MAP), no doubt teratological, as other specimens inspected had a single MAP, see e.g. D. D, male left field, arrows indicate AG scars (nonfunctional triplet, 219-0). E, female fourth tarsal comb. F, cheliceral promarginal teeth (arrows, 106-1). G, anterior part of male prosoma; note basal protrusions on chelicera (arrow, 115-1), a feature of many Theridion spp. and also, e.g. Coleosoma. Scale bars: A, D, G, 100 Mm. B, C, E, 20 Mm. F, 50 Mm.
Figure 71. Steatoda bipunctata. A–F, male. A–C, palp. A, mesial. B, ventral. C, ectal. D–G, prosoma. D, profile. E in Morphological phylogeny of cobweb spiders and their relatives (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae)
Figure 71. Steatoda bipunctata. A–F, male. A–C, palp. A, mesial. B, ventral. C, ectal. D–G, prosoma. D, profile. E, details of setae; note raised bases (123-1). F, posterior tip with stridulatory ridges (128-1) in two clearly separate patches (129-0). G, female with inconspicuous stridulatory ridges. Scale bars: 100 Mm.
Figure 69. Spintharus flavidus. A–E, male palp. A, mesial. B in Morphological phylogeny of cobweb spiders and their relatives (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae)
Figure 69. Spintharus flavidus. A–E, male palp. A, mesial. B, ventral; note huge conductor (63-1, 66-1). C, ectal. D, apical. E, tibia; note three trichobothria (arrows). F, male genital furrow; note absence of epiandrous gland spigots (168-1). G, epigynum. Scale bars: A–D, 100 Mm. E, F, 20 Mm. G, 50 Mm.
Figure 95. A in Morphological phylogeny of cobweb spiders and their relatives (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae)
Figure 95. A, typical 'chicken-wire' web (225-2) of Synotaxus monoceros, characteristic of this genus (Bartika, Guyana). B, S. waiwai, female guarding egg sac in a simple 'egg sac web'. (Gunn's landing, Guyana) C, S. monoceros, female guarding egg sac in an identical web (Bartika, Guyana). D, male of S. monoceros (Bartika, Guyana). E, Selkirkiella luisi (Puyehue, Chile) in an egg-guarding web typical of the genus, superficially similar to Synotaxus. Note that the dense silk mat in Selkirkiella covers the loosely woven egg sac entirely. Enoplognatha ovata is similar (e.g. Nielsen, 1932: 41)
Figure 57. Neospintharus trigonum. A, prosomal stridulatory ridges. B in Morphological phylogeny of cobweb spiders and their relatives (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae)
Figure 57. Neospintharus trigonum. A, prosomal stridulatory ridges. B, ditto, female; note broadened pair of slit sensilla on either side of PE (141-1) and extensive field of SN. C, female left spinning field; note absence of FL (arrow, 212-1). D, female palpal tarsus; note sparsely dentate claw (178-1). E, dorsal view of abdominal humps, also present in Faiditus (142-0). F, female fourth tarsus; note elongated and elevated central claw (horizontal arrow, 200-1) and the presence of at least a few serrated bristles (vertical arrows). Scale bars: A, B, E, 100 Mm; C, 50 Mm; D, F, 20 Mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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