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Fig. 8 in Intraspecific variability in paradoxidid trilobites from the Purujosa trilobite assemblage (middle Cambrian, northeast Spain)

Fig. 8. Sequence between specimens of Eccaparadoxides pradoanus (Verneuil and Barrande in Prado et al., 1860) from the Purujosa trilobite assamblege, Solenopleuropsis thorali Biozone, middle Cambrian, Spain. A. MPZ2011/25, specimen with granules. B. MPZ2011/26, specimen with weakly developed granules. C. MPZ2011/27, specimen with barely visible granules. Whole specimens (A 1, B 1, C 1), enlargements (A 2, B 2, C 2). Scale bars 5 mm.

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Fig. 12 in Intraspecific variability in paradoxidid trilobites from the Purujosa trilobite assemblage (middle Cambrian, northeast Spain)

Fig. 12. Plots showing the relationship between the number of segments and the cranidial length (A), and the pygidial length (B) in Eccaparadoxides pradoanus (Verneuil and Barrande in Prado et al., 1860) from the Purujosa trilobite assemblage, Solenopleuropsis thorali Biozone, middle Cambrian, Spain.

Fig. 2 in Foraminiferal assemblages as palaeoenvironmental bioindicators in Late Jurassic epicontinental platforms: Relation with trophic conditions

Fig. 2. Mean values of the proportions of test type and life habit of the foraminiferal assemblages in the examples studied from Boreal (Inner Moray Firth Basin) (A) and Tethyan (Prebetic) domains (B).

Fig. 1 in Foraminiferal assemblages as palaeoenvironmental bioindicators in Late Jurassic epicontinental platforms: Relation with trophic conditions

Fig. 1. Location of the sections studied Brora, Riogazas−Chorro, and Navalperal (A) with geological sketch of northeastern Scotland (B) and southeastern Spain (C), lithological columns (D) with detailed sample locations (reviewed in black circle and new in white circle), and palaeogeographic reconstruction of the western Tethys during the Callovian–Oxfordian transition (E).

Fig. 5 in Foraminiferal assemblages as palaeoenvironmental bioindicators in Late Jurassic epicontinental platforms: Relation with trophic conditions

Fig. 5. Palaeoecological reconstruction of foraminiferal assemblages from lumpy lithofacies group and marl−limestone rhythmite, and changes in selected palaeoenvironmental features (organic matter content, oxygenation, sedimentation rate, consolidation of substrate and relative distance to shore). Legends of foraminifera and pie−diagrams are in Table 2 and Fig. 3.

Fig. 4 in Foraminiferal assemblages as palaeoenvironmental bioindicators in Late Jurassic epicontinental platforms: Relation with trophic conditions

Fig. 4. Palaeoecological model of foraminiferal assemblages from Brora Brick Clay and Fascally Siltstone members, and changes in selected palaeoenvironmental features (organic matter content, oxygenation, sedimentation rate and relative distance to shore). The model tries to give a rough idea about what was deeper and shallower, but the Brora Brick Clay and Fascally Siltstone are not contemporaneous. Legends of foraminifera and pie−diagrams are in Table 2 and Fig. 3.

Fig. 3 in New blattarians and a review of dictyopteran assemblages from the Lower Cretaceous of Mongolia

Fig. 3. Blattulid cockroach Vrtula sama gen. et sp. nov. A. PIN 3664/2201, a complete specimen. B. Holotype, PIN 3664/2216; photograph (B1) and explanatory drawing (B2). C. PIN 3664/2220, a hindwing: 9 mm; photograph (C1) and explanatory drawing (mirrored) (C2). All from Shin−Khuduk, Mongolia. Early Cretaceous. Abbreviations: A, anal; CuA, cubitus anterior; CuP, cubitus posterior; M, media; R, radius; R1, radius anterior; Sc, subcosta.

Fig. 4 in New blattarians and a review of dictyopteran assemblages from the Lower Cretaceous of Mongolia

Fig. 4. Right forewing of an unidentified genus and species of the family Phyloblattidae. PIN 3559/8013 from Bon Tsagaan, Mongolia, Barremian or Aptian. Whole specimen (A), details of the cubital area (B, C), and explanatory drawing (D). Abbreviations: CuA, cubitus anterior; M, media; R, radius.

Fig. 2 in New blattarians and a review of dictyopteran assemblages from the Lower Cretaceous of Mongolia

Fig. 2. Caloblattinid cockroach Nuurcala srneci sp. nov. Holotype, female, PIN 3790/6. Bed 210/24, Khurilt, Mongolia, Barremian or Aptian.. Photograph (A) and explanatory drawing (B). Abbreviations: CuA, cubitus anterior; CuP, cubitus posterior; M, media; R, radius; R1, radius anterior; RS, radial sector; Sc, subcosta.

Fig. 1 in New blattarians and a review of dictyopteran assemblages from the Lower Cretaceous of Mongolia

Fig. 1. Sketch map of Mongolia showing the localities discussed in the text. The localities Bon Tsagaan, Eastern Erdenyi−Ula, Khurilt and Kholbotu−Gol, and Shar−Tologoy (A, D) correspond to respective stratigraphical members, all within the Dzun−Bain Formation. The Shar−Teg locality and section (grey column) corresponds to both Shar−Teg Formation, the lithological profile (B), modified after Gubin and Sinitza (1996) shows the subordinated unit, while the numbers correspond to sedimentary, orbital and/or solar driven sedimentary cycles. Arrows show the occurrence of insects in respective beds (layers are the smallest recognisable units within respective beds, which in non−marine aquatic environments were usually deposited in a time scale of one to thousands of years). Ages of sediments are abbreviated as follows: K, Kimmeridgian; T, Tithonian; B, Berriasian; V, Valanginian; H, Hauterivian; B, Barremian. Palaeogeographic maps (C, E), after Smith et al. (1994). Locality symbols: sun, Bon Tsagaan Nuur; moon, Shar Tologoi; triangle, Sharin−Gol; star, Khurilt; ring, Kholbotu−Gol; circle, Shin−Khuduk; jingjang, Gurvan Erenyi Nuur; rectangle, Shar−Teg.

Fig. 8 in Monospecific rugosan assemblage from the Emsian hydrothermal vents of Morocco

Fig. 8. Reconstruction of presumed life strategy and trophic relation of Hamarophyllum belkai gen. et sp. nov. and ostracods. A. Coral feeding on ostracods. B.Ostracodspenetratinganemptycaliceofdeadcoral. C.Coral planulaedispersal,producedbyanothercoralsofthesamespecies,apartof planulae settling inside the empty calice of dead individual. D. Development of young, successful corals only inside the calice of dead individual.

Fig.2. A.Mound27,westernpartofHamarLaghdad.Blackshadedpatchesindicatetheoutletsofventingchimneys.Notehumanfigureforscale. B in Monospecific rugosan assemblage from the Emsian hydrothermal vents of Morocco

Fig.2. A.Mound27,westernpartofHamarLaghdad.Blackshadedpatchesindicatetheoutletsofventingchimneys.Notehumanfigureforscale. B.Boul− der with rugose coral meadows of Hamarophyllum belkai gen. et sp. nov. derived from the close vicinity of the vent outlet. Coin for scale.

Fig. 1. A in Monospecific rugosan assemblage from the Emsian hydrothermal vents of Morocco

Fig. 1. A. Simplified geologic map of the northeastern Anti−Atlas. Devonian rocks and location of Hamar Laghdad are indicated. B. Detailed geological mapofHamarLaghdadwithdistributionofparticulartypesofDevonianrocks.Numberedmudmoundsarethosefromwhichstudiedcoralswerecollected. C. Schematic stratigraphic log of the Hamar Laghdad. All drawings courtesy of Bełka (1998); figure B updated.

Fig. 7. A. Calice filled with ostracods. B in Monospecific rugosan assemblage from the Emsian hydrothermal vents of Morocco

Fig. 7. A. Calice filled with ostracods. B. Ostracod carapaces (arrow) between septa on the calice floor. C. The remnants of the presumably biogenic (sponge?) structure covering the entrance of the calice (arrow).

Fig.4 in Monospecific rugosan assemblage from the Emsian hydrothermal vents of Morocco

Fig.4. Percentageofindividualsof Hamarophyllum belkai gen. etsp.nov. growing: (1) in the calice of dead individuals, (2) on the external wall, (3) on other organic hard parts, (4) directly on the sediment.

Fig.9. Hamarophyllum belkai gen.etsp.nov. A–G in Monospecific rugosan assemblage from the Emsian hydrothermal vents of Morocco

Fig.9. Hamarophyllum belkai gen.etsp.nov. A–G.HolotypeUAMTc/BHD1/1/1,transversethinsectionsofsuccessiveontogeneticstages. H.Paratype UAM Tc/B HD27/1/1, longitudinal thin section.

Fig.3. A.Polishedsamplefromventingfieldonmound1 in Monospecific rugosan assemblage from the Emsian hydrothermal vents of Morocco

Fig.3. A.Polishedsamplefromventingfieldonmound1showingdensely packedspecimensof Hamarophyllum belkai genetsp.nov.;ontop−leftpart ofthefigurelargebandedcementsarevisible. B.Thinsectionofthesample A with numerous transverse sections of solitary rugosans showing calicein−calice growth.

Fig. 6 in Monospecific rugosan assemblage from the Emsian hydrothermal vents of Morocco

Fig. 6. Longitudinalsectionof Hamarophyllum belkai gen. et sp. nov. corals illustrating "calice−in−calice" growth. a–d indicate successive generations of corals.

Fig.5. Hamarophyllum belkai gen.etsp.nov. A–L in Monospecific rugosan assemblage from the Emsian hydrothermal vents of Morocco

Fig.5. Hamarophyllum belkai gen.etsp.nov. A–L.Serialtransversethinsectionsofsuccessivestagesof"caliceincalice"growth.Whitearrowsindicate the development of one specimen (paratype UAM Tc/B HD27/4/1) in the calice of dead individual. Black arrows show double "calice in calice" growth withintheemptycaliceofthespecimenpreviouslydeveloped(whitearrow).Numbersinwhiteellipsesshowthedistances(inmm)ofsuccessivethinsections from A.