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Figure 6 in Cryptic and non-cryptic diversity in New Guinea ground snakes of the genus Stegonotus Duméril, Bibron and Duméril, 1854: a description of four new species (Squamata: Colubridae)

Figure 6. Photographs of paratype Stegonotus derooijae sp. nov. MZB.Ophi.3293 showing (clockwise from top left) dorsal of body, ventral of body, dorsal of head, lateral of head. Photos from Stephen J. Richards.

Figure 4 in Cryptic and non-cryptic diversity in New Guinea ground snakes of the genus Stegonotus Duméril, Bibron and Duméril, 1854: a description of four new species (Squamata: Colubridae)

Figure 4. Photographs of three Stegonotus species described here in life; (a) Stegonotus iridis sp. nov. SAMA R70466 (b) Stegonotus derooijae sp. nov. MZB.Ophi.3288 (c) Stegonotus admiraltiensis sp. nov. from Manus Island, unregistered. Photos from Stephen J. Richards.

Figure 8 in Cryptic and non-cryptic diversity in New Guinea ground snakes of the genus Stegonotus Duméril, Bibron and Duméril, 1854: a description of four new species (Squamata: Colubridae)

Figure 8. Photographs of holotype Stegonotus admiraltiensis sp. nov. LSUMZ 93598 showing (clockwise from top left) dorsal of body, ventral of body, dorsal of head, lateral of head. Photos from Sara Ruane.

Figure 5 in Cryptic and non-cryptic diversity in New Guinea ground snakes of the genus Stegonotus Duméril, Bibron and Duméril, 1854: a description of four new species (Squamata: Colubridae)

Figure 5. Photographs of holotype Stegonotus iridis sp. nov. MZB.Ophi.3306 showing (clockwise from top left) dorsal of body, ventral of body, dorsal of head, lateral of head. Photos from Stephen J. Richards.

Figure 7 in Cryptic and non-cryptic diversity in New Guinea ground snakes of the genus Stegonotus Duméril, Bibron and Duméril, 1854: a description of four new species (Squamata: Colubridae)

Figure 7. Photographs of holotype Stegonotus melanolabiatus sp. nov. AMS 115343 showing (clockwise from top left) dorsal of body, ventral of body, dorsal of head, lateral of head. Photos from Sara Ruane.

Figure 1 in Cryptic and non-cryptic diversity in New Guinea ground snakes of the genus Stegonotus Duméril, Bibron and Duméril, 1854: a description of four new species (Squamata: Colubridae)

Figure 1. Photographs of six New Guinea Stegonotus species in life including voucher numbers: (a) Stegonotus cucullatus LSUMZ 94371, (b) Stegonotus diehli LSUMZ 92345, (c) Stegonotus modestus LSUMZ 92327, (d) Stegonotus heterurus BPBM 22556, (e) Stegonotus parvus LSUMZ 92335, (f) Stegonotus guentheri LSUMZ 94386. Photos from Christopher C. Austin (a, b, c, e, f) and F. Kraus (d).

Figure 5 in Cryptic subarctic diversity: a new bumblebee species from the Yukon and Alaska (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Figure 5. Estimate of the phylogenetic tree for the species of the subgenus Alpinobombus (Table 1), from a linked-tree BEAST analysis of COI sequences and PEPCK exon and intron sequences for each species (Williams et al. 2015), showing the relationships of Bombus kluanensis sp. nov. Values above the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities showing branch support. Values below the nodes are estimated dates of divergence in Ma (millions of years before the present) calibrated from a molecular estimate for the date of divergence between the subgenus Alpinobombus and the subgenus Bombus s. str. (Hines 2008). Grey bars show the 95% confidence limits on the estimated dates of divergence.

Figure 3 in Cryptic subarctic diversity: a new bumblebee species from the Yukon and Alaska (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Figure 3. Photo of the holotype queen of Bombus kluanensis sp. nov. from the right lateral aspect (scale bar marked in mm), image reversed, collected from 2000 m on Outpost Mountain (60.9502°N, 138.4320°W), Yukon, 18 June 2010. Photo by Harry Taylor, © NHM digital imaging unit.

Figure 2 in Cryptic subarctic diversity: a new bumblebee species from the Yukon and Alaska (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Figure 2. Sites with one or more records of Bombus kluanensis sp. nov. shown as black spots for the material examined, with white spots for samples with COI sequences, and grey crosses for sites with one or more records of all other species of the subgenus Alpinobombus within the region combined. Map with polar projection, with relief and hill shading, and with national boundaries and the Arctic Circle shown as narrow grey lines. Image created in ArcGIS using World_Shaded_Relief basemap which is © 2014 ESRI.

Figure 4 in Cryptic subarctic diversity: a new bumblebee species from the Yukon and Alaska (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Figure 4. Photo of the holotype queen of Bombus kluanensis sp. nov. (as in Figure 3) showing detail of the left 'cheek' (oculo-malar) area between the ventral part of the compound eye and the dorsal part of the mandible. Photo by Harry Taylor, © NHM digital imaging unit.

Figure 1 in Cryptic subarctic diversity: a new bumblebee species from the Yukon and Alaska (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Figure 1. Plot of measurements of mandibular basal breadth (x-axis) against oculo-malar distance (y-axis) for females (n = 62). Each symbol represents pairs of measurements from one or more specimens, with circles for workers and squares for queens. k: specimens identified from their COI barcodes as Bombus kluanensis sp. nov.; n: specimens identified from their COI barcodes as B. neoboreus; the primary type specimens for these two names are indicated with grey lines (holotype queen of B. kluanensis sp. nov.; lectotype queen of B. neoboreus). Specimens interpreted as belonging to the species B. neoboreus are shown with outline symbols; specimens interpreted as belonging to the species B. kluanensis sp. nov. are shown with filled symbols.

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Figure 5. Maximum likelihood trees constructed from mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I in Cryptic diversity in coastal Australasia: a morphological and mitonuclear genetic analysis of habitat-forming sibling species

Figure 5. Maximum likelihood trees constructed from mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (left; log likelihood: -399.5730) and nuclear adenine nucleotide transporter intron (right; log likelihood: -12170.8682) sequences of Pyura praeputialis and Pyura doppelgangera sp. nov. Nodal support from 1000 bootstrap replications (> 75%) is indicated next to some branches. Circles indicate regions in which a particular allele was present. For simplicity, allele frequencies are not indicated.

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Figure 2 in Cryptic diversity in coastal Australasia: a morphological and mitonuclear genetic analysis of habitat-forming sibling species

Figure 2. Pyura doppelgangera sp. nov. A, anal border (view from above); B, anal border (lateral view); C, gonoduct left side; D, an individual specimen collected in Tasmania. Photograph: Carmen Primo; E, the same individual without tunic. Photograph: Carmen Primo; F, dorsal tubercle and lamina with languets; G, internal structure detailing the position of the hepatic gland, dorsal tubercle, gonad on the right side of the body and the gut and gonad on the left side. Scale bars: A-C = 1 mm; D, E = 20 mm; F = 2 mm; G = 10 mm.

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Figure 1 in Cryptic diversity in coastal Australasia: a morphological and mitonuclear genetic analysis of habitat-forming sibling species

Figure 1. Scanning electron microscope photographs of the siphonal spines of the species comprising the Pyura stolonifera species complex. A, Pyura doppelgangera sp. nov., B, Pyura praeputialis, C, Pyura dalbyi, D, Pyura herdmani, E, P. stolonifera. Scale bars: A = 100 Mm; B, D = 40 Mm; C = 50 Mm; E = 10 Mm.

Figure 7 in Cryptic diversity in forest shrews of the genus Myosorex from southern Africa, with the description of a new species and comments on Myosorex tenuis

Figure 7. Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the cranium and lateral view of the mandible of the holotype of Myosorex meesteri sp. nov. (DM 4693). Scale bar: 2 mm.

Figure 2 in Cryptic diversity in forest shrews of the genus Myosorex from southern Africa, with the description of a new species and comments on Myosorex tenuis

Figure 2. Maximum-likelihood phylogeny (left) and maximum clade probability tree (right), inferred from the combined analysis of molecular data (mitochondrial DNA control region, 16S rRNA, and the nuclear intron STAT). The newly resurrected or described species Myosorex tenuis and Myosorex meesteri sp. nov. are in bold. Maximum-likelihood bootstrap and posterior probability (in that order) values are shown for nodes of the maximum-likelihood tree. Values above nodes of the maximum clade probability tree indicate the posterior mean divergence dates in millions of years before present. Shaded bars indicate the 95% highest posterior density (HPD) credibility intervals. Values below the nodes indicate posterior probability values generated during the BEAST dating analysis.

Figure 1 in Cryptic diversity in forest shrews of the genus Myosorex from southern Africa, with the description of a new species and comments on Myosorex tenuis

Figure 1. Map of southern Africa showing sampling localities for morphometric and molecular analyses of Myosorex. Grey shading represents the Great Escarpment of South Africa and the eastern Zimbabwean montane grassland–forest mosaic ecoregion of Olson et al. (2001). (Note: the Gorogosa locality overlies a small isolated patch of this ecoregion.) Symbols indicate recognized and newly defined species as follows: open and closed squares represent morphological and molecular sample localities, respectively, for Myosorex varius; open and closed triangles represent morphological and molecular samples, respectively, for Myosorex cafer; the hash symbols represent molecular samples of Myosorex sclateri; open and closed circles represent morphological and molecular samples, respectively, of Myosorex meesteri sp. nov.; crosses and asterisks represent morphological and molecular samples, respectively, of Myosorex cf. tenuis; ⊗, type locality (Zuurbron, Wakkerstroom District, Mpumalanga) of Myosorex tenuis. More details of the samples and localities are provided in Table 1 and the Appendix.

Figure 6 in Cryptic diversity in forest shrews of the genus Myosorex from southern Africa, with the description of a new species and comments on Myosorex tenuis

Figure 6. Photographs of the fourth unicuspid and adjacent molars in the upper tooth rows of: (A) TM 10448, Myosorex sclateri (Ngoye Hills, KwaZulu-Natal); (B) TM 41824, Myosorex varius (Karkloof, KwaZulu-Natal); (C) TM 793, Myosorex cf. tenuis (Wakkerstroom, Mpumalanaga); (D) TM 25843, Myosorex cf. tenuis (Entabeni, Soutpansberg Range, Limpopo); (E) TM 34613, Myosorex meesteri sp. nov. (Mount Selinda, Chirinda Forest, Zimbabwe).

Figure 5 in Cryptic diversity in forest shrews of the genus Myosorex from southern Africa, with the description of a new species and comments on Myosorex tenuis

Figure 5. Map showing distribution of two distinct morphological groups in the Soutpansberg Mountains and northern Drakensberg Mountains of Limpopo Province in relation to a map of annual precipitation (AP) for the region (pale-grey shading indicates AP of 800–1000 mm; dark-grey shading indicates AP of 1000–1300 mm; black indicates AP> 1300 mm). Open triangles represent the smaller-sized morph (from Woodbush and Lajuma), whereas open squares indicate the large-sized populations from east of the Sand River in the Soutpansberg (Buzzard Mount, Hanglip, Farm Middelfontein, and Entabeni Forest). The dashed line outlines the extent of the Soutpansberg Mountains.

Figure 9. A in Integrative taxonomy uncovers high levels of cryptic species diversity in Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker, 1860 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) and the description of a new species from Peninsular Malaysia

Figure 9. A, Hemiphyllodactylus sp. nov. 7 (LSUDPC 6668) from Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand; photo by P.L. Wood. B, Hemiphyllodactylus sp. nov. 8 (USNM 570374) from Pyin-Oo-Lwin, Mandalay Division, Myanmar; photo by G. Zug.