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2,291 results for “life history”
Data from: Life-history theory provides a framework for detecting resource limitation: a test of the Nutritional Buffer Hypothesis
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The external rumen of dung beetles: Complex interactions between larvae and their ontogenetic environments shape growth and life history
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Sex-specific transgenerational effects of diet on offspring life history and physiology
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Data from: Life-history traits of Tubastraea coccinea: reproduction, development, and larval competence
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A phylogenomic approach to resolving interrelationships of polyclad flatworms, with implications for life history evolution
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Data from: Selection of floral traits by pollinators and seed predators during sequential life history stages
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Morphological and life-history traits of birds from the Piedmont and Flooded Savannas of the Colombian Llanos
We compiled data for 13 morphological and life-history traits of 364 species reported in Colombian Llanos. The dataset includes morphological and life-history traits that could influence birds’ responses to land-use change based on a literature review. Life-history traits were compiled from scientific literature, while morphological traits were measured on specimens collected in the Colombian Llanos region and preserved in main Colombia’s biological collections.
IO Islamic 218. Ta'rîkh-i-Shîrshâhî, History of the Life and Reign of Sulṭân Shîrshâh Sûr of Dihlî
<p>IO Islamic 218. Ta’rîkh-i-Shîrshâhî, History of the Life and Reign of Sulṭân Shîrshâh Sûr of Dihlî</p>
IO Islamic 533. Ta'rîkh-i-Shâh Shujâ'î, A History of the Life and Exploits of Shâhjahân's Second Son, Prince Muḥammad Shâh Shujâ'
<p>IO Islamic 533. Ta’rîkh-i-Shâh Shujâ’î, A History of the Life and Exploits of Shâhjahân’s Second Son, Prince Muḥammad Shâh Shujâ’</p>
Figure 2 in Nesting biology of the Spotted Nightingale-Thrush (Catharus dryas) and comparison of life histories in the genus Catharus
Figure 2. Reproductive phenology of C. dryas. The black bars show the total number of nests encountered monthly with eggs. The white bars show the ones encountered with nestlings. The red line represents the precipitation values recorded in the Manu National Park between 2000 and 2012, obtained from http://www.worldweatheronline.com/. Note the synchrony between the start of the rains and egg laying, and the end of reproduction with the peak of rains.
Figure 1 in Nesting biology of the Spotted Nightingale-Thrush (Catharus dryas) and comparison of life histories in the genus Catharus
Figure 1. Photographic evidence of Catharus dryas nesting characteristics. (a) The two nest layers: external layer composed principally of moss, and the internal layer built with thick and dark root networks. This photo is a courtesy of Sharon Beals, from the collection of the Western Foundation of Vertebrate Zoology. (b) Greenish-blue eggs with brown speckles. (c) Evidence of the high moss density on the vegetation at the nest's locations. (d) Three-day old nestling. (e) Ten-day old nestling. (f) 13-day old nestling.
Figure 6 in Nesting biology of the Spotted Nightingale-Thrush (Catharus dryas) and comparison of life histories in the genus Catharus
Figure 6. Absolute character values for all Catharus species. Values correspond to the minimum range. White bars represent Temperate species, meanwhile grey bars represent Tropical species. C. dryas is highlighted by a dark grey colour. Asterisk (*) indicates not available information for those species.
Figure 5 in Nesting biology of the Spotted Nightingale-Thrush (Catharus dryas) and comparison of life histories in the genus Catharus
Figure 5. Nestling growth rate throughout the nestling period in C. dryas. (a) Mass, (b) wing and (c) tarsus growth. The nestling age corresponds to the days elapsed after hatching. The intervals correspond to standard deviation and the numbers in the first panel to the sample size (number of nestling) for each specific age.
Figure 3 in Nesting biology of the Spotted Nightingale-Thrush (Catharus dryas) and comparison of life histories in the genus Catharus
Figure 3. Mean nest attendance per day across the incubation period of C. dryas based on data from 12 nests. The error bars correspond to standard deviation and the numbers above the bars to the number of nests monitored. Statistical analysis indicates no-change nest attendance through the incubation period.
Figure 4 in Nesting biology of the Spotted Nightingale-Thrush (Catharus dryas) and comparison of life histories in the genus Catharus
Figure 4. Daytime incubation behaviour in C. dryas. (a) Egg (black points) and environmental (grey points) temperatures, and the variation by hour measured as standard deviation. (b) Time on the nest, measured as the number of minutes in the nest. (c) Number of off-bout trips. (d) Length of off-bout trips. These figures are based on data from seven nest monitored during 52 days. This plot shows a relative constant pattern of egg temperature, nest attendance and the length of trips across the day.
Data from: The microbiota influences the Drosophila melanogaster life history strategy
<p class="CxSpFirst">Organisms are locally adapted when members of a population have a fitness advantage in one location relative to conspecifics in other geographies. For example, across latitudinal gradients, some organisms may trade off between traits that maximize fitness components in one, but not both, of somatic maintenance or reproductive output. Latitudinal gradients in life history strategies are traditionally attributed to environmental selection on an animal's genotype, without any consideration of the possible impact of associated microorganisms ("microbiota") on life history traits. Here, we show in Drosophila melanogaster, a key model for studying local adaptation and life history strategy, that excluding the microbiota from definitions of local adaptation is a major shortfall. First, we reveal that an isogenic fly line reared with different bacteria varies the investment in early reproduction versus somatic maintenance. Next, we show that in wild fruit flies, the abundance of these same bacteria was correlated with the latitude and life history strategy of the flies, suggesting geographic specificity of the microbiota composition. Variation in microbiota composition of locally adapted D. melanogaster could be attributed to both the wild environment and host genetic selection. Finally, by eliminating or manipulating the microbiota of fly lines collected across a latitudinal gradient, we reveal that host genotype contributes to latitude-specific life history traits independent of the microbiota and that variation in the microbiota can suppress or reverse the differences between locally adapted fly lines. Together, these findings establish the microbiota composition of a model animal as an essential consideration in local adaptation.</p>
Data from: A phylogenetic analysis of the dirt ants, Basiceros Schulz (Formicidae: Myrmicinae): inferring life histories through morphological convergence
Ants of the genus Basiceros (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae) are elusive species known only from Neotropical rainforests. Little information is available regarding their natural history, and nothing is known about the phylogenetic relationships among species within the genus. The genus has been the subject of some controversy regarding generic delimitation but is currently a member of the "Basiceros-genus group" following recent classification changes. For mouthparts, labral and mandibular morphologies present considerable variation in the Basiceros-genus group, likely a result of adaptive evolution. In Basiceros, those differences can be observed in the labrum shape and the various degrees of development of the labral cleft and the clypeomandibular space. Here, in an attempt to illuminate the evolution of the group, species boundaries are tested for Basiceros. The evolutionary relationships of its species are investigated using molecular and morphological data. Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) analyses of a molecular dataset consisting of up to nine genes (three mitochondrial, six nuclear) and including samples from multiple populations of all known Basiceros taxa recovered the monophyly of the genus and of its species, with two well resolved internal clades: the singularis clade and the disciger clade. Focusing on the female castes of Basiceros, an ancestral state reconstruction is presented for mandibles and labrum morphology. The results suggest that the labrum and clypeomandibular morphologies are highly labile, although phylogenetically important characters in the genus. Mouthpart traits indicate a strong correlated evolutionary history potentially associated with specialized feeding habits.
Data from: Kokanee–sockeye salmon hybridization leads to intermediate morphology and resident life history: implications for fisheries management
Stocking programs designed to return extirpated species to their historical range have become increasingly prevalent, punctuating the need to better understand the risks posed to recipient ecosystems. Here, we investigated the genetic and biological consequences of an anadromous sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) stocking program in Skaha Lake, British Columbia, where substantial levels of hybridization/introgression with the native freshwater resident ecotype (kokanee) have been detected. We genetically-assigned 543 individuals (adult spawners, age-0 juveniles) to estimate stock proportions (pure-stock sockeye/kokanee or hybrid) between 2010 and 2017, with a subset undergoing otolith microchemistry analysis to determine migratory life history and maternal ancestry. Proportion of hybrid spawners varied from 5-20% across sampling years, while hybrid age-0 juveniles remained relatively constant (~11%). Hybrid spawners exhibited intermediate size relative to pure-stocks, with the vast majority being non-anadromous (92%) and of resident maternal ancestry (76%). Our results provide empirical support for previously hypothesized mechanisms of hybridization between O. nerka life-history forms, and underscore the importance of continued monitoring of stocking programs to quantify long-term fitness impacts of introgression and refine management strategies.
Rapid differentiation of plasticity in life history and morphology during invasive range expansion and concurrent local adaptation in the horned beetle Onthophagus taurus
<p>Understanding the interplay between genetic differentiation, ancestral plasticity, and the evolution of plasticity during adaptation to environmental variation is critical to predict populations' responses to environmental change. However, the role of plasticity in rapid adaptation in nature remains poorly understood. We here use the invasion of the horned beetle <i>Onthophagus taurus</i> in the United States during the last half century to study the contribution of ancestral plasticity and post-invasion evolution of plastic responses in rapid population differentiation. We document latitudinal variation in life history and morphology, including genetic compensation in development time and body size, likely adaptive responses to seasonal constraints in the North. However, clinal variation in development time and size was strongly dependent on rearing temperature, suggesting that population differentiation in plasticity played a critical role in successful adaptation on ecological timescales. Clinal variation in wing shape was independent of ancestral plasticity, but correlated with derived plasticity, consistent with evolutionary interdependence. In contrast, clinal variation in tibia shape aligned poorly with thermal plasticity. Overall, this study suggests that post-invasion evolution of plasticity contributed to range expansions and concurrent adaptation to novel climatic conditions.</p>
Figure 2 in Gigantism and comparative life-history parameters of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs
Figure 2 Logistic growth curves for Tyrannosaurus and three related tyrannosaurids.Note that the exponential stages (the regions of maximal slope) are similar in duration but differ in slope (that is, growth rates). Regression equations (mass in kg, age in years) are as follows: T. rex, mass = {5,551/[1 + e‾0.57(age ‾ 16.1)]} + 5, r 2 = 0.953; D. torosus, mass = {1,728/[1 + e‾0.44(age ‾ 12.1)]} + 5, r 2 = 0.992; G. libratus, mass = {1,234/[1 + e‾0.38(age ‾ 12.4)]} + 5, r 2 = 0.950; A. sarcophagus, mass = {1,218/[1 + e‾0.43(age ‾ 14.1)]} + 5; r 2 = 0.985.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.