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FIGURE 4 in Two new genera of predatory katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) from the Amazon rainforest
FIGURE 4. Arboraptor viridis sp. nov., stridulatory file of male. A: left file; B: right file.
FIGURE 7 in Two new genera of predatory katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) from the Amazon rainforest
FIGURE 7. Arboraptor viridis sp. nov., live adults. A: male; B: female.
Supplementary material 2 from: Swart C, Visser V, Robinson TB (2018) Patterns and traits associated with invasions by predatory marine crabs. NeoBiota 39: 79-102. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.39.22002
Sources used for reviewing crabs :
Supplementary material 5 from: Swart C, Visser V, Robinson TB (2018) Patterns and traits associated with invasions by predatory marine crabs. NeoBiota 39: 79-102. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.39.22002
The native and recipient regions of the 56 alien crab species :
Supplementary material 1 from: Swart C, Visser V, Robinson TB (2018) Patterns and traits associated with invasions by predatory marine crabs. NeoBiota 39: 79-102. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.39.22002
List of 42 marine alien brachyuran crab species :
Supplementary material 4 from: Swart C, Visser V, Robinson TB (2018) Patterns and traits associated with invasions by predatory marine crabs. NeoBiota 39: 79-102. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.39.22002
List of species assigned 'Single record' status :
Supplementary material 3 from: Swart C, Visser V, Robinson TB (2018) Patterns and traits associated with invasions by predatory marine crabs. NeoBiota 39: 79-102. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.39.22002
Fuzzy coded trait data utilised in the FCA analysis :
Predation test results and dynamics between three species of soil-dwelling predatory mites and early stages of maize pest.
<p>PREDATORY MITES</p> <p> The three species used in this experiment were stored in climatic chambers at 25°C +/- 0,5°C and 70% +/- 10 RH% with constant obscurity. A mix of <em>Aleuroglyphus ovatus</em> stages was used as food and extra water was provided three times a week in a 100 mm x 94 mm bugdorm-5002 with 30µm nylon screen port sold by Bugdorm©.</p> <p><em>Macrocheles robustulus</em></p> <p> Koppert Biological systems provided <em>Macrocheles robustulus</em>. Their product is called Macro-mite©. We maintained them on vermiculite for 2 months with a mix of <em>A. ovatus</em> stages.</p> <p><em>Gaeolaelaps aculeifer</em></p> <p><em> </em><em>Gaeolaelaps aculeifer</em> is produced by EWH Bioproduction, Denmark. The population was maintained during 8 months on a substrate made of 1/3 third blond sphagnum peat and 2/3 of fine vermiculite and fed with a mix of <em>A. ovatus</em> stages.</p> <p><em>Stratiolaelaps scimitus</em></p> <p> <em>Stratiolaelaps scimitus</em> individuals used in this experiment are produced by Bioline AgroSciences. The product is called Hypoline©. This population has been maintained on blond sphagnum peat and fed with a mix of <em>A. ovatus</em> stages for 2 years.</p> <p>PREYS</p> <p> We experimented eggs and first instar larvae for both <em>Diabrotica virgifera virgifera</em> and <em>Agriotes sordidus </em>as potential prey. We also added <em>Aleuroglyphus ovatus</em> eggs as a positive control of predation activity since astigmatid mites are known to be a suitable food source for those species (Rueda-Ramirez et al. 2018).</p> <p><em>Diabrotica virgifera virgifera</em> eggs</p> <p> WCR diapausing eggs were provided by the Centre of Agriculture and Bioscience International (CABI), Hungary. They were stored at 7°C +/- 0,5°C below their temperature of development (Meinke et al. 2009). We sieved the eggs from their substrate and selected only turgescent eggs to offer them to the predatory mites.</p> <p><em>Diabrotica virgifera virgifera</em> first instar larvae</p> <p> We placed WCR eggs on the plaster of Paris in a climatic chamber at 25°C +/- 0,5°C and 70% +/- 10 RH%. We added water twice a week to keep the plaster of Paris moist. We checked daily if eggs hatched and introduced the first instar larvae in the predation device.</p> <p><em>Agriotes sordidus</em> eggs</p> <p> Arvalis provided <em>Agriotes sordidus</em> eggs and first instar larvae by sending us a couple of adults ready to lay eggs in Petri dishes filled with a sample of soil where they have been collected. Both eggs and first instar larvae have been extracted from this dirt.</p> <p><em>Aleuroglyphus ovatus</em> eggs</p> <p><em> </em><em>A. ovatus</em> eggs are produced by Bioline AgroSciences. Eggs were sterilized before presentation to the predatory mites.</p> <p><em>Ephestia kuehniella </em>eggs<br> </p> <p><em> E. kuehniella </em>eggs are produced by Bioline Agrosciences. Eggs were sterilized before presentation to the predatory mites.</p> <p> PREDATION DEVICE</p> <p> Predation tests have been inspired by El Adouzi, Bonato, et Roy 2017; Lovis et al. 2011 and Nordenfors et Hoglund 2000 protocols by isolating each mite individually. However, we chose to carry out the predation tests in 2 mL Eppendorf tubes containing each 1 mL of dried plaster of Paris to maintain a high percentage of humidity necessary to soil-dwelling predatory mites survival (El Adouzi, Bonato, et Roy 2017). Adult mites of both sexes were individually isolated and starved for 7 days in the tubes before the predation tests. In total, 240 predatory mites have been isolated with 1/3 of each species to present them to 4 different types of prey. Twenty predation tests were made by prey/predator couple. <br> During the 7-days period of starvation, we added 100µL of water every 3 days to maintain a suitable relative humidity necessary for soil-dwelling predatory mites survival. We also drilled the top of the tube and covered it with a 106 µm mesh width nylon tissue. This size of mesh allowed for water and gas exchange while preventing mites from leaving the tube. These tubes were stored in a climatic chamber at 25°C +/- 0,5°C with 70% +/- 10% RH. All three species were active after this period of storage and starvation.</p> <p> We introduced 20 times one prey in a tube containing a predatory mite and observed predation activity during a maximum of 10 minutes or less if predation happens before that timing. We observed each mite feeding or non-feeding activity through the tube with a binocular. We used an indirect source of light, controlled at 100 lux (measured with the Digital Illuminance meter TES 1335), to minimize natural behavior disruption of these lucifugous species. During each assay, the timing and number of contacts between the predator and the prey before predation were noted. We considered predation activity when mites impaled the prey with their chelicerae. We chose to observe predation on a short duration because some of the prey could be impacted by plaster of Paris abrasive texture if it dries up.</p>
Figure 2 in Effects of soil core handling, transport and storage on numbers and body sizes of edaphic predatory mites (Gamasina)
Figure 2. Effects of improper core treatment on the body size distribution of predatory mites (Gamasida) extracted from soil samples. Numbers in panel heads are body sizes in micrometers [Mm]. See Fig. 1 for plot labels.
Figure 1 in Effects of soil core handling, transport and storage on numbers and body sizes of edaphic predatory mites (Gamasina)
Figure 1. Effects of improper core treatment on the total abundance of predatory mites (Gamasida) extracted from soil. (A) storage duration, (B) storage temperature, (C) shaking intensity, (D) sample compression, (E) filling of sample containers in extraction apparatus, (F) combination of compression and prolonged storage, and (G) combination of shaking and prolonged storage.
FIGURE 8 in The Spine Raptor-a new genus of predatory katydid (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae: Phlugidini) from the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest
FIGURE 8. Spinaraptor taja sp. nov., male specimen alive from Tefé, Amazonas, Brasil.
FIGURE 1 in The Spine Raptor-a new genus of predatory katydid (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae: Phlugidini) from the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest
FIGURE 1. Pictorial key to differentiate the genera Phlugis and Spinaraptor gen. nov.
FIGURE 6 in The Spine Raptor-a new genus of predatory katydid (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae: Phlugidini) from the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest
FIGURE 6. Spinaraptor taja sp. nov., stridulatory file of male. A: left file; B: right file.
FIGURE 5 in The Spine Raptor-a new genus of predatory katydid (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae: Phlugidini) from the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest
FIGURE 5. Spinaraptor taja sp. nov., left tegmina of male in dorsal view.
FIGURE 10 in The Spine Raptor-a new genus of predatory katydid (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae: Phlugidini) from the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest
FIGURE 10. Spinaraptor taja sp. nov., female specimen alive from Tefé, Amazonas, Brasil.
FIGURE 3 in The Spine Raptor-a new genus of predatory katydid (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae: Phlugidini) from the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest
FIGURE 3. Pictorial key for males of the species of Spinaraptor gen. nov.
FIGURE 18 in The Spine Raptor-a new genus of predatory katydid (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae: Phlugidini) from the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest
FIGURE 18. Map of geographical records of Spinaraptor gen. nov. species.
Data from: Interception by two predatory fly species is explained by a proportional navigation feedback controller
When aiming to capture a fast-moving target, animals can follow it until they catch up, or try to intercept it. In principle, interception is the more complicated strategy, but also more energy efficient. To study whether simple feedback controllers can explain interception behaviours by animals with miniature brains, we have reconstructed and studied the predatory flights of the robber fly Holcocephala fusca and killer fly Coenosia attenuata. Although both species catch other aerial arthropods out of the air, Holcocephala contrasts prey against the open sky, while Coenosia hunts against clutter and at much closer range. Thus, their solutions to this target catching task may differ significantly. We reconstructed in three dimensions the flight trajectories of these two species and those of the presented targets they were attempting to intercept. We then tested their recorded performances against simulations. We found that both species intercept targets on near time-optimal courses. To investigate the guidance laws that could underlie this behaviour, we tested three alternative control systems (pure pursuit, deviated pursuit and proportional navigation). Only proportional navigation explains the timing and magnitude of fly steering responses, but with differing gain constants and delays for each fly species. Holcocephala uses a dimensionless navigational constant of N ≈ 3 with a time delay of ≈28 ms to intercept targets over a comparatively long range. This constant is optimal, as it minimizes the control effort required to hit the target. In contrast, Coenosia uses a constant of N ≈ 1.5 with a time delay of ≈18 ms, this setting may allow Coenosia to cope with the extremely high line-of-sight rotation rates, which are due to close target proximity, and thus prevent overcompensation of steering. This is the first clear evidence of interception supported by proportional navigation in insects. This work also demonstrates how by setting different gains and delays, the same simple feedback controller can yield the necessary performance in two different environments.
Figure 1 in Pollen feeding larvae in the presumed predatory syrphine genus Toxomerus Macquart (Diptera, Syrphidae)
Figure 1. Branch of Olyra obliquifolia (Suriname, Brownsberg, 1 April 2006).
Figure 1 in Suitability of different pollen grains and Tetranychus urticae as food for the predatory mite, Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae)
Figure 1. Age-stage-specific survival rate (sxj) of Ambluseius swirskii fed on Tetranychus urticae and seven different plant pollen grains.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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OpenNeuro
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