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Micromagnetics of magnetic chemical modulations in soft-magnetic cylindrical nanowires
<p>Abstract:</p> <p>We analyze the micromagnetics of short longitudinal modulations of a high magnetization material in cylindrical nanowires made of a soft-magnetic material of lower magnetization such as Permalloy, combining magnetic microscopy, analytical modeling and micromagnetic simulations. The mismatch of magnetization induces curling of magnetization around the axis in the modulations, in an attempt to screen the interfacial magnetic charges. The curling angle increases with modulation length, until a plateau is reached with nearly full charge screening for a specific length scale, larger than the dipolar exchange length of any of the two materials. The curling circulation can be switched by the Œrsted field arising from a charge current with typical magnitude 10<sup>12</sup>A/m<sup>2</sup>.</p>
On following pages: 669. Andean Swamp Rat (Neotomys ebriosus); 670. Salta Chinchilla Rat (Euneomys fossor); 671. Biting Chinchilla Rat (Euneomys mordax); 672. Peterson's Chinchilla Rat (Euneomys petersoni); 673. Patagonian Chinchilla Rat (Euneomys chinchilloides); 674. Chilean Climbing Mouse (Irenomys tarsalis); 675. Cerrado Red-nosed Mouse (Wiedomys cerradensis); 676. Common Red-nosed Mouse (Wiedomys pyrrhorinos); 677. Rio de Janeiro Arboreal Rat (Phaenomys ferrugineus); 678. Red-nosed Tree Mouse (Wilfredomys oenax); 679. Andean Long-clawed Mouse (Paynomys macronyx); 680. Chilean Long-clawed Mouse (Chelemys megalonyx); 681. Edwards's Long-clawed Mouse (Notiomys edwardsii); 682. Valdivian Long-clawed Mouse (Geoxus valdivianus), 683. Large Long-clawed Mouse (Geoxus annectens); 684. Guafo Island Long-clawed Mouse (Geoxus latkenche); 685. Michaelsen's Long-clawed Mouse (Geoxus michaelseni); 686. Long-haired Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix longipilis); 687. Hairy Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix hirta); 688. Mann's Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix mann); 689. Sanborn's Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix sanborni); 690. Woolly Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix lanosa); 691. Ornate Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix jelskii); 692. Gray Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix illutea); 693. Andean Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix andina); 694. Olive Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix olivacea): 695. Yellow-nosed Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix xanthorhina). in Cricetidae
On following pages: 669. Andean Swamp Rat (Neotomys ebriosus); 670. Salta Chinchilla Rat (Euneomys fossor); 671. Biting Chinchilla Rat (Euneomys mordax); 672. Peterson's Chinchilla Rat (Euneomys petersoni); 673. Patagonian Chinchilla Rat (Euneomys chinchilloides); 674. Chilean Climbing Mouse (Irenomys tarsalis); 675. Cerrado Red-nosed Mouse (Wiedomys cerradensis); 676. Common Red-nosed Mouse (Wiedomys pyrrhorinos); 677. Rio de Janeiro Arboreal Rat (Phaenomys ferrugineus); 678. Red-nosed Tree Mouse (Wilfredomys oenax); 679. Andean Long-clawed Mouse (Paynomys macronyx); 680. Chilean Long-clawed Mouse (Chelemys megalonyx); 681. Edwards's Long-clawed Mouse (Notiomys edwardsii); 682. Valdivian Long-clawed Mouse (Geoxus valdivianus), 683. Large Long-clawed Mouse (Geoxus annectens); 684. Guafo Island Long-clawed Mouse (Geoxus latkenche); 685. Michaelsen's Long-clawed Mouse (Geoxus michaelseni); 686. Long-haired Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix longipilis); 687. Hairy Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix hirta); 688. Mann's Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix mann); 689. Sanborn's Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix sanborni); 690. Woolly Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix lanosa); 691. Ornate Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix jelskii); 692. Gray Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix illutea); 693. Andean Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix andina); 694. Olive Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix olivacea): 695. Yellow-nosed Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix xanthorhina).
On following pages: 626. Niceforo Maria's Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys nicefori); 627. Popayan Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys popayanus); 628. Short-faced Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys baeops); 629. Snow-footed Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys niveipes); 630. Principal Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys princeps); 631. Silky Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys bombycinus); 632. Red Andean Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys auricularis); 633. Cinnamon-colored Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys cinnameus); 634. Central Andes Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys contradictus); 635. Ashy-bellied Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys cinereiventen; 636. Colombian Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys dispar); 637. Soft-furred Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys lanigen); 638. Ash-colored Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys cinereus); 639. Wandering Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys erro); 640. Paramo Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys paramorum); 641. Forest Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomyssilvestris); 642. Smoky Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys fumeus); 643. Pichincha Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys vulcani); 644. Ucucha Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys ucucha); 645. Taczanowski's Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys taczanowskii); 646. Golden Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys aureus); 647. White-tipped Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys caudivarius); 648. Hudson's Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys hudsoni); 649. Reddish-backed Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys pyrrhonotus); 650. Montane Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys oreas); 651. Cajamarca Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys praetor; 652. Distinguished Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys notatus); 653. Apeco Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys apeco); 654. Peruvian Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys eleusis); 655. Strong-tailed Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys ischyrus); 656. Reddish-nosed Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys rosalinda); 657. Large-eared Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys macrotis); 658. Ashaninka Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys onkiro); 659. Inca Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys incanus), 660. Kalinowski's Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys kalinowskii); 661. Slender Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys gracilis); 662. Daphne's Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys daphne); 663. Anderson's Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys anderson); 664. Austral Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys australis); 665. Ladew's Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys ladewi). in Cricetidae
On following pages: 626. Niceforo Maria's Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys nicefori); 627. Popayan Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys popayanus); 628. Short-faced Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys baeops); 629. Snow-footed Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys niveipes); 630. Principal Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys princeps); 631. Silky Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys bombycinus); 632. Red Andean Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys auricularis); 633. Cinnamon-colored Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys cinnameus); 634. Central Andes Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys contradictus); 635. Ashy-bellied Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys cinereiventen; 636. Colombian Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys dispar); 637. Soft-furred Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys lanigen); 638. Ash-colored Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys cinereus); 639. Wandering Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys erro); 640. Paramo Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys paramorum); 641. Forest Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomyssilvestris); 642. Smoky Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys fumeus); 643. Pichincha Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys vulcani); 644. Ucucha Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys ucucha); 645. Taczanowski's Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys taczanowskii); 646. Golden Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys aureus); 647. White-tipped Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys caudivarius); 648. Hudson's Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys hudsoni); 649. Reddish-backed Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys pyrrhonotus); 650. Montane Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys oreas); 651. Cajamarca Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys praetor; 652. Distinguished Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys notatus); 653. Apeco Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys apeco); 654. Peruvian Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys eleusis); 655. Strong-tailed Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys ischyrus); 656. Reddish-nosed Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys rosalinda); 657. Large-eared Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys macrotis); 658. Ashaninka Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys onkiro); 659. Inca Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys incanus), 660. Kalinowski's Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys kalinowskii); 661. Slender Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys gracilis); 662. Daphne's Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys daphne); 663. Anderson's Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys anderson); 664. Austral Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys australis); 665. Ladew's Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys ladewi).
Figure 3 in Nematodes of soft bottoms from the 'Po'ol Tunich' cave system, Quintana Roo, Mexico
Figure 3. Distribution of nematode feeding types in each site at the subterranean Po´ol Tunich system. CH = chewers, EF = epistrate feeders, SF = suction feeders, DF = deposit feeders.
Figure 1 in Nematodes of soft bottoms from the 'Po'ol Tunich' cave system, Quintana Roo, Mexico
Figure 1. Location of the study area and sampling sites. (Blue) lines indicate different entrances to the system; (red) numbers represent sampling sites within the caves.
Soft wetting with (a)symmetric Shuttleworth effect
<p>The wetting of soft polymer substrates brings in multiple complexities as compared to the wetting on rigid substrates. The contact angle of the liquid is no longer governed by Young's law, but is affected by the substrate's bulk and surface deformations. On top of that, elastic interfaces exhibit a surface energy that depends on how much they are stretched -- a feature known as the Shuttleworth effect (or as surface-elasticity). Here we present two models by which we explore the wetting of drops in the presence of a strong Shuttleworth effect. The first model is macroscopic in character and consistently accounts for large deformations via a neo-Hookean elasticity. The second model is based on a mesoscopic description of wetting, using a reduced description of the substrate's elasticity. While the second model is more empirical in terms of the elasticity, it enables a gradient dynamics formulation for soft wetting dynamics.</p>
Distribution. WC core and SE peninsula of Sulawesi, including Mt Kanino, Mt Nokilalaki, Mt Lehio, Rano Rano, and Mamasa regions, Quarles Range, Mt Rantemario, and Mt Latimojong. Descriptive notes. er 155-242 mm, tail 138-190 mm, ear 23-29 mm, hind-foot 28-45 mm; weight 95-170 g. The Montane Hill Rat is the largest member of the B. fratrorum species group, with broad head, long rostrum, and robust body. Pelage is moderately long, soft, and lustrous, with shortish blackish guard hairs mixed throughout. Dorsum is brownish gray, speckled with buff that is a mix of dark gray underfur and overhairs with brown tips and buffy bands, being dark gray for the most part. Sides are paler grayish brown and fade into ventral pelage. Sides of muzzle are white. Venter is grayish white or dark grayish white, although some are grayish buff, with gray hairs and unpigmented tips or unpigmented altogether, respectively. Juveniles are duller and darker, with more grayish white underparts. Feet are long and slender, with white digits. Ears are large, covered in short unpigmented hair, rubbery, and gray and brown hues. Tail is 88-102% of head-body length and mainly bicolored, brownish gray to blackish gray dorsally and glossy white ventrally, with white tip most of the time. Scrotum is gray. Skull is large, with long and wide rostrum and narrow zygomatic plate. Fleas (e.g. Sigmactenus, Stivalius, Musserella, and Dasypsyllus), ticks (Rhipicephalus) pseudoscorpions (Magachernes and Chiridiochernes), and nematodes (Bunomystrongylus and Sibulura) have been recorded from the Montane Hill Rat. There are two pairs of inguinal mammae. Chromosomal complement is 2n = 42, FN = 60 (females) or FN = 61 (males). in Muridae
Distribution. WC core and SE peninsula of Sulawesi, including Mt Kanino, Mt Nokilalaki, Mt Lehio, Rano Rano, and Mamasa regions, Quarles Range, Mt Rantemario, and Mt Latimojong. Descriptive notes. er 155-242 mm, tail 138-190 mm, ear 23-29 mm, hind-foot 28-45 mm; weight 95-170 g. The Montane Hill Rat is the largest member of the B. fratrorum species group, with broad head, long rostrum, and robust body. Pelage is moderately long, soft, and lustrous, with shortish blackish guard hairs mixed throughout. Dorsum is brownish gray, speckled with buff that is a mix of dark gray underfur and overhairs with brown tips and buffy bands, being dark gray for the most part. Sides are paler grayish brown and fade into ventral pelage. Sides of muzzle are white. Venter is grayish white or dark grayish white, although some are grayish buff, with gray hairs and unpigmented tips or unpigmented altogether, respectively. Juveniles are duller and darker, with more grayish white underparts. Feet are long and slender, with white digits. Ears are large, covered in short unpigmented hair, rubbery, and gray and brown hues. Tail is 88-102% of head-body length and mainly bicolored, brownish gray to blackish gray dorsally and glossy white ventrally, with white tip most of the time. Scrotum is gray. Skull is large, with long and wide rostrum and narrow zygomatic plate. Fleas (e.g. Sigmactenus, Stivalius, Musserella, and Dasypsyllus), ticks (Rhipicephalus) pseudoscorpions (Magachernes and Chiridiochernes), and nematodes (Bunomystrongylus and Sibulura) have been recorded from the Montane Hill Rat. There are two pairs of inguinal mammae. Chromosomal complement is 2n = 42, FN = 60 (females) or FN = 61 (males).
On following pages: 757. Palawan Mountain Rat (Palawanomys furvus); 7568. Annandale's Sundaic Rat (Sundamys annandalei); 759. Mountain Giant Rat (Sundamys infraluteus); 760. Bartels's Rat (Sundamys maxi); 761. Miller's Rat Sundamys mueller); 762. Andrews's Hill Rat (Bunomys andrews); 763. Common Hill Rat (Bunomys chrysocomus); 764. Lampobatang Hill Rat (Bunomys coelestis); 765. North-eastern Peninsula Hill Rat (Bunomys fratrorum); 766. Karoko Hill Rat (Bunomys karokophilus); 767. Montane Hill Rat (Bunomys penitus); 768. Tambusisi Hill Rat (Bunomys prolatus); 769. Tana Toraja Hill Rat (Bunomys torajae); 770. Central Sulawesi Spiny Rat (Echiothrix centrosa); 771. Northern Sulawesi Spiny Rat (Echiothrix leucura); 772. Sulawesi Soft-furred Rat (Eropeplus canus); 773. Sulawesi Slender Root Rat (Gracilimus radix); 774. Hog-nosed Shrew Rat (Hyorhinomys stuempkei); 775. Meyer's Giant Rat Lenomys meyeri), 776. Beccari's Margareta Rat (Margaretamys beccarii); 777. Christina's Margareta Rat (Margaretamys christinae); 778. Elegant Margareta Rat (Margaretamys elegans); 779. Lesser Margareta Rat (Margaretamys parvus); 780. Diurnal Sulawesian Shrew Rat (Melasmothrix naso); 781. Giant Sulawesi Rat (Paruromys dominator); 782. Edented Sulawesi Rat (Paucidentomys vermidax); 783. Sommer's Sulawesi Rat (Sommeromys macrorhinos). in Muridae
On following pages: 757. Palawan Mountain Rat (Palawanomys furvus); 7568. Annandale's Sundaic Rat (Sundamys annandalei); 759. Mountain Giant Rat (Sundamys infraluteus); 760. Bartels's Rat (Sundamys maxi); 761. Miller's Rat Sundamys mueller); 762. Andrews's Hill Rat (Bunomys andrews); 763. Common Hill Rat (Bunomys chrysocomus); 764. Lampobatang Hill Rat (Bunomys coelestis); 765. North-eastern Peninsula Hill Rat (Bunomys fratrorum); 766. Karoko Hill Rat (Bunomys karokophilus); 767. Montane Hill Rat (Bunomys penitus); 768. Tambusisi Hill Rat (Bunomys prolatus); 769. Tana Toraja Hill Rat (Bunomys torajae); 770. Central Sulawesi Spiny Rat (Echiothrix centrosa); 771. Northern Sulawesi Spiny Rat (Echiothrix leucura); 772. Sulawesi Soft-furred Rat (Eropeplus canus); 773. Sulawesi Slender Root Rat (Gracilimus radix); 774. Hog-nosed Shrew Rat (Hyorhinomys stuempkei); 775. Meyer's Giant Rat Lenomys meyeri), 776. Beccari's Margareta Rat (Margaretamys beccarii); 777. Christina's Margareta Rat (Margaretamys christinae); 778. Elegant Margareta Rat (Margaretamys elegans); 779. Lesser Margareta Rat (Margaretamys parvus); 780. Diurnal Sulawesian Shrew Rat (Melasmothrix naso); 781. Giant Sulawesi Rat (Paruromys dominator); 782. Edented Sulawesi Rat (Paucidentomys vermidax); 783. Sommer's Sulawesi Rat (Sommeromys macrorhinos).
On following pages: 610. Tullberg's Soft-furred Mouse (Praomys tullbergi); 611. Jackson's Soft-furred Mouse (Praomys jackson); 612. Lukolela Soft-furred Mouse (Praomys lukolelae); 613. Least Soft-furred Mouse (Praomys minor: 614. Misonne's Soft-furred Mouse (Praomys misonnei); 615. Riverine Soft-furred Mouse (Praomys mutoni); 616. Petter's Soft-furred Mouse (Praomys petteri); 617. Verschuren's Soft-furred Mouse (Praomys verschureni); 618. De Graaff's Soft-furred Mouse (Praomys degraaffi; 619. Delicate Soft-furred Mouse (Praomys delectorum); 620. Coetzee's Soft-furred Mouse (Praomys coetzeei); 621. Yemen Meadow Mouse (Myomyscus yemeni); 622. Brockman''s Meadow Mouse (Myomyscus brockmani); 623. Angolan Meadow Mouse (Myomyscus angolensis); 624. Verreaux's Meadow Mouse (Myomyscus verreauxii); 625. Woosnam's Broad-headed Mouse (Zelotomys woosnami); 626. Hildegarde's Broad-headed Mouse (Zelotomys hildegardeae); 627. Eurasian Harvest Mouse (Micromys minutus). in Muridae
On following pages: 610. Tullberg's Soft-furred Mouse (Praomys tullbergi); 611. Jackson's Soft-furred Mouse (Praomys jackson); 612. Lukolela Soft-furred Mouse (Praomys lukolelae); 613. Least Soft-furred Mouse (Praomys minor: 614. Misonne's Soft-furred Mouse (Praomys misonnei); 615. Riverine Soft-furred Mouse (Praomys mutoni); 616. Petter's Soft-furred Mouse (Praomys petteri); 617. Verschuren's Soft-furred Mouse (Praomys verschureni); 618. De Graaff's Soft-furred Mouse (Praomys degraaffi; 619. Delicate Soft-furred Mouse (Praomys delectorum); 620. Coetzee's Soft-furred Mouse (Praomys coetzeei); 621. Yemen Meadow Mouse (Myomyscus yemeni); 622. Brockman''s Meadow Mouse (Myomyscus brockmani); 623. Angolan Meadow Mouse (Myomyscus angolensis); 624. Verreaux's Meadow Mouse (Myomyscus verreauxii); 625. Woosnam's Broad-headed Mouse (Zelotomys woosnami); 626. Hildegarde's Broad-headed Mouse (Zelotomys hildegardeae); 627. Eurasian Harvest Mouse (Micromys minutus).
On following pages: 631. Ryukyu Islands Tree Rat (Diplothrix legata); 632. Lesser Bandicoot Rat (Bandicota bengalensis); 633. Greater Bandicoot Rat (Bandicota indica); 634. Savile's Bandicoot Rat (Bandicota savilei), 635. Mackenzie's White-toothed Rat (Berylmys mackenziel); 636. Manipur White-toothed Rat (Berylmys manipulus); 637. Bowers's White-toothed Rat (Berylmys bowersii); 638. Berdmore's White-toothed Rat (Bery/mys berdmorei); 639. Millard's Rat (Dacnomys millard)); 640. Brahman White-bellied Rat (Niviventer brahma); 641. Smoke-bellied White-bellied Rat (Niviventer eha); 642. Anderson's White-bellied Rat (Niviventer andersoni), 643. Sichuan White-bellied Rat (Niviventer excelsion); 644. South China White-bellied Rat (Niviventer huang); 645. Hainan White-bellied Rat (Niviventer lotipes); 646. Himalayan White-bellied Rat (Niviventer niviventen; 647. Spiny Taiwan White-bellied Rat (Niviventer coninga); 648. Soft-furred Taiwan White-bellied Rat (Niviventer culturatus), 649. Cameron Highlands White-bellied Rat (Niviventer cameron); 650. Indochinese White-bellied Rat (Niviventer fulvescens); 651. Bukit White-bellied Rat (Niviventer bukit); 652. Confucian White-bellied Rat (Niviventer confucianus); 653. Limestone White-bellied Rat (Niviventer hinpoon); 654. Indochinese Mountain White-bellied Rat (Niviventer tenaster); 655. Sundaic Arboreal White-bellied Rat (Niviventer cremoriventer); 656. Montane Sumatran White-bellied Rat (Niviventer fraternus);, 657. Montane Javan White-bellied Rat (Niviventer lepturus); 658. Montane Bornean White-bellied Rat (Niviventer rapit). in Muridae
On following pages: 631. Ryukyu Islands Tree Rat (Diplothrix legata); 632. Lesser Bandicoot Rat (Bandicota bengalensis); 633. Greater Bandicoot Rat (Bandicota indica); 634. Savile's Bandicoot Rat (Bandicota savilei), 635. Mackenzie's White-toothed Rat (Berylmys mackenziel); 636. Manipur White-toothed Rat (Berylmys manipulus); 637. Bowers's White-toothed Rat (Berylmys bowersii); 638. Berdmore's White-toothed Rat (Bery/mys berdmorei); 639. Millard's Rat (Dacnomys millard)); 640. Brahman White-bellied Rat (Niviventer brahma); 641. Smoke-bellied White-bellied Rat (Niviventer eha); 642. Anderson's White-bellied Rat (Niviventer andersoni), 643. Sichuan White-bellied Rat (Niviventer excelsion); 644. South China White-bellied Rat (Niviventer huang); 645. Hainan White-bellied Rat (Niviventer lotipes); 646. Himalayan White-bellied Rat (Niviventer niviventen; 647. Spiny Taiwan White-bellied Rat (Niviventer coninga); 648. Soft-furred Taiwan White-bellied Rat (Niviventer culturatus), 649. Cameron Highlands White-bellied Rat (Niviventer cameron); 650. Indochinese White-bellied Rat (Niviventer fulvescens); 651. Bukit White-bellied Rat (Niviventer bukit); 652. Confucian White-bellied Rat (Niviventer confucianus); 653. Limestone White-bellied Rat (Niviventer hinpoon); 654. Indochinese Mountain White-bellied Rat (Niviventer tenaster); 655. Sundaic Arboreal White-bellied Rat (Niviventer cremoriventer); 656. Montane Sumatran White-bellied Rat (Niviventer fraternus);, 657. Montane Javan White-bellied Rat (Niviventer lepturus); 658. Montane Bornean White-bellied Rat (Niviventer rapit).
Nesokia is sister to Bandicota and are nested in Rattus phylogenetically, making Rat- tus paraphyletic. Tarsomys, Limnomys, and Diplothrix are also phylogenetically in Rat- tus, and the clade is in need of focused re- vision at the generic level. Nesokia bunnui was originally described as a separate ge-nus, Erythronesokia, because it is morphologically very distinctive from N. indica. Type specimen was destroyed during the Iraq War, and a neotype was recently designated to replace it. Monotypic. Distribution. Tigris and Euphrates river valleys, SE Iraq. Descriptive notes. Head—body 230-260 mm, tail 205-270 mm, ear 18-21 mm, hindfoot 49-58 mm; weight 519 g. The Long-tailed Bandicoot Rat is larger than the Short-tailed Bandicoot Rat (N. indica). Pelage is soft and woolly, interspersed with harsher coarse hair and long black hairs near mid-back. Dorsum is fawn to ocherous red, washed with purple or chestnuton darker individuals. Hairs are basally slate-gray and distally rufous, occasionally with whitish or black tips. Muzzle is drab. Sides arefawn, with gray edge toward venter. Venteris whitish, extending onto cheeks where the same pattern from gray to fawn to dorsal pelage occurs. Feet are large and robust, being light brown and well-furred dorsally. Claws are amber on forefeet and dull brown on hindfeet; pollux is extremely small. Ears are moderately long and brownish, with no hair internally. Tail is ¢.82-104% of head-body length and deep brownish drab, interspersed with visible white hair. Skull is large and robust, similarly to the Short-tailed Bandicoot Rat. Habitat. Marsh and swamp land. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. The Long-tailed Bandicoot Rat is terrestrial, although it isfound in swampy and marshy areas and is probably amphibious. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Longtailed Bandicoot Rat is apparently rare and is known from very few specimens. Marsh and swamp habitats in which it is found were completely destroyed during the Iraq War by draining, war damage, and agricultural expansion. In recent years, flooding from Tigris and Euphrates rivers and high snow fall and melt haveresulted in partial restoration ofits native habitat, although restoration is not a complete. Populations are now probably highly fragmented. Bibliography. Al-Ansari et al. (2012), Al-Robaae & Felten (1990), Khajuria (1981), Krystufek et al. (2017), Musser & Carleton (2005), Richardson & Hussain (2006), Stuart (2008). in Muridae
Nesokia is sister to Bandicota and are nested in Rattus phylogenetically, making Rat- tus paraphyletic. Tarsomys, Limnomys, and Diplothrix are also phylogenetically in Rat- tus, and the clade is in need of focused re- vision at the generic level. Nesokia bunnui was originally described as a separate ge-nus, Erythronesokia, because it is morphologically very distinctive from N. indica. Type specimen was destroyed during the Iraq War, and a neotype was recently designated to replace it. Monotypic. Distribution. Tigris and Euphrates river valleys, SE Iraq. Descriptive notes. Head—body 230-260 mm, tail 205-270 mm, ear 18-21 mm, hindfoot 49-58 mm; weight 519 g. The Long-tailed Bandicoot Rat is larger than the Short-tailed Bandicoot Rat (N. indica). Pelage is soft and woolly, interspersed with harsher coarse hair and long black hairs near mid-back. Dorsum is fawn to ocherous red, washed with purple or chestnuton darker individuals. Hairs are basally slate-gray and distally rufous, occasionally with whitish or black tips. Muzzle is drab. Sides arefawn, with gray edge toward venter. Venteris whitish, extending onto cheeks where the same pattern from gray to fawn to dorsal pelage occurs. Feet are large and robust, being light brown and well-furred dorsally. Claws are amber on forefeet and dull brown on hindfeet; pollux is extremely small. Ears are moderately long and brownish, with no hair internally. Tail is ¢.82-104% of head-body length and deep brownish drab, interspersed with visible white hair. Skull is large and robust, similarly to the Short-tailed Bandicoot Rat. Habitat. Marsh and swamp land. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. The Long-tailed Bandicoot Rat is terrestrial, although it isfound in swampy and marshy areas and is probably amphibious. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Longtailed Bandicoot Rat is apparently rare and is known from very few specimens. Marsh and swamp habitats in which it is found were completely destroyed during the Iraq War by draining, war damage, and agricultural expansion. In recent years, flooding from Tigris and Euphrates rivers and high snow fall and melt haveresulted in partial restoration ofits native habitat, although restoration is not a complete. Populations are now probably highly fragmented. Bibliography. Al-Ansari et al. (2012), Al-Robaae & Felten (1990), Khajuria (1981), Krystufek et al. (2017), Musser & Carleton (2005), Richardson & Hussain (2006), Stuart (2008).
Distribution. Endemic to the Gotel Mts, SE Nigeria. Descriptive notes. Head-body 108-137 mm, tail 149-174 mm, ear 19-21 mm, hindfoot 26-28 mm; weight 34-60 g. Fur of the Gotel Mountain Soft-furred Mouse is dark brown to grayish black above, without russet tinge of Hartwig's Soft-furred Mouse (P. hartwigi), slightly paler on flanks, and whitish gray below. Dorsum and venter are separated by think pale reddish brown line. Tail is very long (c.140% of head-body length). Forefeet and hindfeet are pale. Forefeet have four functional digits; first digit is reduced to small tubercle with very small claw. Hindfeet have five clawed digits. Females have three pairs of nipples. in Muridae
Distribution. Endemic to the Gotel Mts, SE Nigeria. Descriptive notes. Head-body 108-137 mm, tail 149-174 mm, ear 19-21 mm, hindfoot 26-28 mm; weight 34-60 g. Fur of the Gotel Mountain Soft-furred Mouse is dark brown to grayish black above, without russet tinge of Hartwig's Soft-furred Mouse (P. hartwigi), slightly paler on flanks, and whitish gray below. Dorsum and venter are separated by think pale reddish brown line. Tail is very long (c.140% of head-body length). Forefeet and hindfeet are pale. Forefeet have four functional digits; first digit is reduced to small tubercle with very small claw. Hindfeet have five clawed digits. Females have three pairs of nipples.
Distribution. Mt Cameroon, W Cameroon, and Bioko I, Equatorial Guinea. Descriptive notes. Head-body 100- 130 mm, tail 110-147 mm, ear 16-20 mm, hindfoot 21-25 mm; weight 27-62 g. Fur of the Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse is dark rufous-brown to blackish brown above and pale to dark gray below. Tail is very long (c.112% of head-body length) and dark. Hindfeet and forefeet are dark brown. Females have three pairs of nipples. Habitat. Montane forest and alpine grassland at elevations above 1000 m. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. Gestation lasts 26-30 days. Litters have 2-6 young. Activity patterns. The Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse is nocturnal and terrestrial. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse occurs in two disjunct areas occupying only ¢.2900 km? and the extent and quality of its forest habitat continue to decline. Bibliography. Eisentraut (1970, 1973), Happold (2013a), Missoup et al. (2012), Monadjem etal. (2015). in Muridae
Distribution. Mt Cameroon, W Cameroon, and Bioko I, Equatorial Guinea. Descriptive notes. Head-body 100- 130 mm, tail 110-147 mm, ear 16-20 mm, hindfoot 21-25 mm; weight 27-62 g. Fur of the Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse is dark rufous-brown to blackish brown above and pale to dark gray below. Tail is very long (c.112% of head-body length) and dark. Hindfeet and forefeet are dark brown. Females have three pairs of nipples. Habitat. Montane forest and alpine grassland at elevations above 1000 m. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. Gestation lasts 26-30 days. Litters have 2-6 young. Activity patterns. The Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse is nocturnal and terrestrial. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse occurs in two disjunct areas occupying only ¢.2900 km? and the extent and quality of its forest habitat continue to decline. Bibliography. Eisentraut (1970, 1973), Happold (2013a), Missoup et al. (2012), Monadjem etal. (2015).
On following pages: 347. Plains Mouse (Pseudomys australis); 348. Bolam''s Mouse (Pseudomys bolami); 349. Kakadu Pebble Mouse (Pseudomys calabyi); 350. Western Pebble Mouse (Pseudomys chapmani); 351. Desert Mouse (Pseudomys desertor); 352. Shark Bay Mouse (Pseudomys field); 353. Australian Smoky Mouse (Pseudomys fumeus); 354. Eastern Chestnut Mouse (Pseudomys gracilicaudatus); 355. Sandy Inland Mouse (Pseudomys hermannsburgensis); 356. Long-tailed Mouse (Pseudomys higginsi); 357. Central Pebble Mouse (Pseudomys johnson); 358. Western Chestnut Mouse (Pseudomys nanus); 359. New Holland Mouse (Pseudomys novaehollandiae); 360. Western Mouse (Pseudomys occidentalis); 361. Hastings River Mouse (Pseudomys oralis); 362. Eastern Pebble Mouse (Pseudomys patrius); 363. Heath Mouse (Pseudomys shortridgel); 364. Common Australian Rock Rat (Zyzomys argurus); 365. Arnhem Land Rock Rat (Zyzomys maini); 366. Carpentarian Rock Rat (Zyzomys palatalis); 367. Central Australian Rock Rat (Zyzomys pedunculatus); 368. Kimberley Rock Rat (Zyzomys woodward); 369. Malayan Tree Rat (Pithecheir parvus); 370. Red Tree Rat (Pithecheir melanurus); 371. Bornean Tree Rat (Pithecheirops otion); 372. Cutch Rat (Cremnomys cutchicus); 373. Elvira Rat (Cremnomys elvira); 374. Crump's Rat (Diomys crumpi); 375. White-tailed Wood Rat (Madromys blanfordi); 376. Sand-colored Soft-furred Rat (Millardia gleadowi); 377. Kondana Soft-furred Rat (Millardia kondana); 378. Common Soft-furred Rat (Millardia in Muridae
On following pages: 347. Plains Mouse (Pseudomys australis); 348. Bolam''s Mouse (Pseudomys bolami); 349. Kakadu Pebble Mouse (Pseudomys calabyi); 350. Western Pebble Mouse (Pseudomys chapmani); 351. Desert Mouse (Pseudomys desertor); 352. Shark Bay Mouse (Pseudomys field); 353. Australian Smoky Mouse (Pseudomys fumeus); 354. Eastern Chestnut Mouse (Pseudomys gracilicaudatus); 355. Sandy Inland Mouse (Pseudomys hermannsburgensis); 356. Long-tailed Mouse (Pseudomys higginsi); 357. Central Pebble Mouse (Pseudomys johnson); 358. Western Chestnut Mouse (Pseudomys nanus); 359. New Holland Mouse (Pseudomys novaehollandiae); 360. Western Mouse (Pseudomys occidentalis); 361. Hastings River Mouse (Pseudomys oralis); 362. Eastern Pebble Mouse (Pseudomys patrius); 363. Heath Mouse (Pseudomys shortridgel); 364. Common Australian Rock Rat (Zyzomys argurus); 365. Arnhem Land Rock Rat (Zyzomys maini); 366. Carpentarian Rock Rat (Zyzomys palatalis); 367. Central Australian Rock Rat (Zyzomys pedunculatus); 368. Kimberley Rock Rat (Zyzomys woodward); 369. Malayan Tree Rat (Pithecheir parvus); 370. Red Tree Rat (Pithecheir melanurus); 371. Bornean Tree Rat (Pithecheirops otion); 372. Cutch Rat (Cremnomys cutchicus); 373. Elvira Rat (Cremnomys elvira); 374. Crump's Rat (Diomys crumpi); 375. White-tailed Wood Rat (Madromys blanfordi); 376. Sand-colored Soft-furred Rat (Millardia gleadowi); 377. Kondana Soft-furred Rat (Millardia kondana); 378. Common Soft-furred Rat (Millardia
The first comprehensive revision of all the species attributed to Melomys led J. I. Menzies in 1996 to resurrect the genus Paramelomys and to redefine its morphologicallimits and species content. Menzies created P. gressitti as a new species belonging to a group displaying morphological similarities and including also P. lorentzii and P. moncktoni. Monotypic Distribution. E New Guinea. Descriptive notes. Head-body 135-162 mm, hindfoot 30-34 mm; no specific data are available for body weight. Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is a medium-sized Paramelomys with a soft, thick and woolly pelage, a long narrow foot, and a tail with three hairs per scale. It exhibits a medium-sepia dorsal pelage and a gray-buff ventral one. Tail is slightly shorter (99%) than head-body length. The skull has a narrow zygomatic plate. Habitat. Moist tropical mountain forest between 2300 m and 2400 m. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is terrestrial. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List owing to its small geographic range (less than 3500 km?*) and the destruction ofits habitat by mining and logging activities. The major threat to Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is ongoing habitat degradation caused by nearby human populations; habitat on Mount Kandy has been destroyed by gold-miners and wood-cutters. Bibliography. Menzies (1996). in Muridae
The first comprehensive revision of all the species attributed to Melomys led J. I. Menzies in 1996 to resurrect the genus Paramelomys and to redefine its morphologicallimits and species content. Menzies created P. gressitti as a new species belonging to a group displaying morphological similarities and including also P. lorentzii and P. moncktoni. Monotypic Distribution. E New Guinea. Descriptive notes. Head-body 135-162 mm, hindfoot 30-34 mm; no specific data are available for body weight. Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is a medium-sized Paramelomys with a soft, thick and woolly pelage, a long narrow foot, and a tail with three hairs per scale. It exhibits a medium-sepia dorsal pelage and a gray-buff ventral one. Tail is slightly shorter (99%) than head-body length. The skull has a narrow zygomatic plate. Habitat. Moist tropical mountain forest between 2300 m and 2400 m. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is terrestrial. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List owing to its small geographic range (less than 3500 km?*) and the destruction ofits habitat by mining and logging activities. The major threat to Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is ongoing habitat degradation caused by nearby human populations; habitat on Mount Kandy has been destroyed by gold-miners and wood-cutters. Bibliography. Menzies (1996).
Distribution. Known only from type locality on S coast of Seram I, Indonesia. Descriptive notes. Head-body 123 mm, tail 128 mm, ear 14-6 mm, hindfoot 26-2 mm; weight 65 g (all mensural data are from holotype). Pavel's Seram Mosaic-tailed Rat is very small-bodied, with dorsal pelage soft and brightly colored rufescent reddish brown, hairs with graybases, and venter contrastingly pure white; tail is slightly longer than head-body length, all black in color, tail scales raised, one hair per scale, scale hairs very short. Upper surfaces of feet are dark gray; hindfeet broad, with first digit long. Cranium is relatively narrow, with nasal profile flat; teeth very small. Single known specimen (the holotype), a pregnant female, has four mammae. in Muridae
Distribution. Known only from type locality on S coast of Seram I, Indonesia. Descriptive notes. Head-body 123 mm, tail 128 mm, ear 14-6 mm, hindfoot 26-2 mm; weight 65 g (all mensural data are from holotype). Pavel's Seram Mosaic-tailed Rat is very small-bodied, with dorsal pelage soft and brightly colored rufescent reddish brown, hairs with graybases, and venter contrastingly pure white; tail is slightly longer than head-body length, all black in color, tail scales raised, one hair per scale, scale hairs very short. Upper surfaces of feet are dark gray; hindfeet broad, with first digit long. Cranium is relatively narrow, with nasal profile flat; teeth very small. Single known specimen (the holotype), a pregnant female, has four mammae.
FIGURE 2 in Bambusaecoccus maolanensis, a new soft scale genus and species from China (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae)
FIGURE 2. Bambusaecoccus maolanensis Meng & Xing sp. n., adult female: anplt = anal plate; ant = antenna; dmic = dorsal microduct; ar =anal ring; dset = dorsal seta; edd = enlargement of dorsal derm; mset = marginal setae; pvp = perivulvar pore; pop = preopercular pore; sp = simple pore; spp = spiracular pore; stgsp = stigmatic spine; vmic = ventral microduct; vset = ventral setae; vtbd = ventral tubular duct.
FIGURE 5 in Bambusaecoccus maolanensis, a new soft scale genus and species from China (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae)
FIGURE 5. Bambusaecoccus maolanensis Meng & Xing sp. n. A. Glassy test secreted by second-instar male. B. Prepupal male; C, D. Adult males.
FIGURE 1 in Bambusaecoccus maolanensis, a new soft scale genus and species from China (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae)
FIGURE 1. Bambusaecoccus maolanensis Meng & Xing sp. n. A, B. Appearance in life of adult and immature females in carton shelter built by mutualistic ants (Crematogaster subnuda nigrosubnuda Özdikmen); C, D. Adult and immature females with a few glassy second-instar male tests.
FIGURE 4 in Bambusaecoccus maolanensis, a new soft scale genus and species from China (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae)
FIGURE 4. Bambusaecoccus maolanensis Meng & Xing sp. n., ecological environment. A. Type locality; B. Ant carton shelter covering a scale insect-infested stem node of the bamboo host.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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