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Figure 14 in Fantastic beasts and how to delimit them: an integrative approach using multispecies coalescent methods reveals two new, endemic Dugesia species (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida) from Corsica and Sardinia

Figure 14. Dugesia mariae: A, CGAS Pla 27. 1, photomicrograph showing the penis bulb with the seminal vesicle (sv), less (lvd) and right (rvd) vas deferens, the penial papilla (pp) and the two atrial folds (af) in horizontal section; B, CGAS Pla 27. 4, photomicrograph showing the penis papilla (pp) and the penial fold (pf) in transverse section.

Figure 9. Dugesia benazzii s.s in Fantastic beasts and how to delimit them: an integrative approach using multispecies coalescent methods reveals two new, endemic Dugesia species (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida) from Corsica and Sardinia

Figure 9. Dugesia benazzii s.s.: A, CGAS Pla 25. 6, photomicrograph showing the penial fold (pf) and the two atrial folds (af) in sagiưal section; B, CGAS Pla 25. 4, photomicrograph showing the penis papilla (pp) and the penial fold (pf) in transverse section.

Figure 3 in Fantastic beasts and how to delimit them: an integrative approach using multispecies coalescent methods reveals two new, endemic Dugesia species (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida) from Corsica and Sardinia

Figure 3. mtDNA (dataset I) phylogenetic tree and species discovery delimitation schemes for ABGD, GMYC, and mPTP, as well as PSHs and PSCs. Ultrametric tree from BEAST is shown only for visual purposes; posterior probabilities (pp) and bootstrap support values (bs) relate to MrBayes and ÞxML analyses, respectively; pp and bs node support values represented by squares and circles, filled with white (unsupported), grey (supported), and black (maximum support), respectively.

Figure 8. Dugesia benazzii s.s., CGAS Pla 25.1 in Fantastic beasts and how to delimit them: an integrative approach using multispecies coalescent methods reveals two new, endemic Dugesia species (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida) from Corsica and Sardinia

Figure 8. Dugesia benazzii s.s., CGAS Pla 25.1. Photomicrograph of the copulatory bursa with a ciliate parasite (cp) and a spermatophore (sp) in a sagiưal section.

Figure 5 in Fantastic beasts and how to delimit them: an integrative approach using multispecies coalescent methods reveals two new, endemic Dugesia species (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida) from Corsica and Sardinia

Figure 5. BFD results for the array of models tested (1–6), with different a priori species-delimitation hypotheses tested on three datasets (I, IV, and V). Each column represents a model with a unique combination of lineages (rows). Star symbol indicates reassignment of PSC4. Marginal-likelihood estimates (MLE) and Bayes' factors comparison results (2lnBf) from the combined analyses of five independent runs with PS (path-sampling) and SS (stepping stone) are represented with circles and a grey-scale scheme. 2lnBf comparison support indicates differences from the best model: non-significant indicates no difference in support for the two models; positively supported and decisively-supported indicate clear support in favour of the best-fiưing model over its alternative.

Figure 4 in Fantastic beasts and how to delimit them: an integrative approach using multispecies coalescent methods reveals two new, endemic Dugesia species (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida) from Corsica and Sardinia

Figure 4. Schematic representation of BPP results on multi-locus data for two topologies. Colour scheme and squares represent posterior probability (pp) for each node under four different prior combinations, using two algorithms (A0 and A1) and three datasets (I, IV, and V). *Unsupported node with a pp of 0.94.

Figure 2 in Fantastic beasts and how to delimit them: an integrative approach using multispecies coalescent methods reveals two new, endemic Dugesia species (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida) from Corsica and Sardinia

Figure 2. Simplified Bayesian (A–E1) and ML dendrograms (E2). A, dataset I: COI–NADH4–tRNAW–COII; B, dataset II: Dunuc10; C, dataset III: Dunuc12; D, dataset IV: Dunuc10 * 12; E, dataset V: mtDNA * nDNA. Posterior probabilities (pp) are indicated by filled squares and bootstrap support values (bs) with filled circles. Full trees are represented in Figure 3 (dataset I) and Supporting Information, Figure S1 (datasets I–V).

Figure 13. Dugesia mariae. Holotype RMNH.VER.21056.1 in Fantastic beasts and how to delimit them: an integrative approach using multispecies coalescent methods reveals two new, endemic Dugesia species (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida) from Corsica and Sardinia

Figure 13. Dugesia mariae. Holotype RMNH.VER.21056.1: A, sagiưal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus (anterior to the right); B, photomicrograph showing, in a sagiưal section, the penis bulb (pb) with seminal vesicle (sv), penis papilla (pp) with the pointed diaphragm (d), pleated ejaculatory duct (ed), and the penial fold (pf).

Figure 12 in Fantastic beasts and how to delimit them: an integrative approach using multispecies coalescent methods reveals two new, endemic Dugesia species (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida) from Corsica and Sardinia

Figure 12. Dugesia mariae. Photomicrograph of a preserved sexual specimen from the Golo River (Barcheưa, loc. 24).

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Fig. 2 in Coalescence-based species delimitation using genome-wide data reveals hidden diversity in a cosmopolitan group of lichens

Fig. 2 Maximum likelihood tree reconstructions based on single PKS8 gene (a) and four gene: ITS, GPD, mtLSU, and PKS8 (b) data sets. Nodes in bold indicate those with support values of 95% and higher. Black dots

Fig. 6 ITS2 in Species delimitation polyphasic approach reveals Meyerella similis sp. nov.: a new species of "small green balls" within the Chlorella-clade (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta)

Fig. 6 ITS2 secondary structure of strains ACSSI 346, ACSSI 362, and ACSSI 363 and strains of Meyerella planktonica. CBC in ITS2 secondary structure of the studied strains compared to M. planktonica are denoted by black arrows

Fig. 5 ITS1 in Species delimitation polyphasic approach reveals Meyerella similis sp. nov.: a new species of "small green balls" within the Chlorella-clade (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta)

Fig. 5 ITS1 secondary structure of strains ACSSI 346, ACSSI 362, and ACSSI 363 and strains of Meyerella planktonica. CBC in ITS1 secondary structure of the studied strains compared to M. planktonica are denoted by black arrows

Fig.3 a A in Species delimitation polyphasic approach reveals Meyerella similis sp. nov.: a new species of "small green balls" within the Chlorella-clade (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta)

Fig.3 a A rooted ultrametric phylogenetic tree of Chlorella-clade green microalgae, constructed by the Bayes inference (BI), based on the 18S– ITS1–5.8S–ITS2 sequences (2650 bp). As statistical support for the nodes of the tree, a posterior probabilities (PP) and bootstrap values (BP), respectively, are indicated; the values of PP<0.7 and BP <70% are not shown. The model of nucleotide substitutions: GTR +I+ G4. Note: stud-

Fig. 2 in Species delimitation polyphasic approach reveals Meyerella similis sp. nov.: a new species of "small green balls" within the Chlorella-clade (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta)

Fig. 2 Cellular ultrastructure of strain ACSSI 346. a Young vegetative cell with trilaminar cell wall (long black arrows), large nucleus (N), parietal chloroplast (C), and small mitochondrion (transparent arrowhead). b Just divided two cells with developed cell walls and the surrounding mother wall (small black arrows); note the Golgi tanks

Fig. 1 in Species delimitation polyphasic approach reveals Meyerella similis sp. nov.: a new species of "small green balls" within the Chlorella-clade (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta)

Fig. 1 Morphology of strains ACSSI 346 a, ACSSI 362 b, and ACSSI 363 c cells. The inset shows a more detailed image of an adult cell. The autospores are shown with arrows. THUNDER image of strain ACSSI 346 d. The ciliates with Meyerella cells: Pseudoblepharisma sp. e, Holophrya sp. f. Drawings of light microscopical characters of studied strains (g). 1 – young cell; 2– adult cell; 3,4 – autosporangium. Scale bar a–f: 10 μm, g: 2 μm

FIGURE 10. Cypella suffusa. A in Three new species of Cypella (Iridaceae) from South America, and taxonomic delimitation of C. suffusa Ravenna

FIGURE 10. Cypella suffusa. A. holotype, at herbarium SI. B. detail of the spathes. Cypella ravenniana. C. paratype, at herbarium SI (material cited as a paratype of C. suffusa by Ravenna). D. detail of the spathes.

FIGURE 3. Cypella gutatta. A. Habit. B. Distal branch. C in Three new species of Cypella (Iridaceae) from South America, and taxonomic delimitation of C. suffusa Ravenna

FIGURE 3. Cypella gutatta. A. Habit. B. Distal branch. C. Flower and spathe, lateral view. D. Flower, upper view. E. Flowers, tepals removed F. Inner tepal, lateral view. G. Spathe with immature capsule H. Capsule. I. Seed. J. Cauline leaf. K. Distal bract. L. Crests of the style branches. (A–L from L.P. Deble et al. 14991).

FIGURE 7. Cypella suffusa. A. Habit. B in Three new species of Cypella (Iridaceae) from South America, and taxonomic delimitation of C. suffusa Ravenna

FIGURE 7. Cypella suffusa. A. Habit. B. Distal part of the plant. C. Flower and spathe, lateral view. D. Flower, upper view. E. Flowers, tepals removed. F. Inner tepal. G. Capsule. H. Seed. I. Spathe with immature capsule. J. Distal cauline leaf (A–J from Deble et Alves 15511).

FIGURE 5. Cypella aurinegra. A. flower, upper view. B. flower, lateral view. C in Three new species of Cypella (Iridaceae) from South America, and taxonomic delimitation of C. suffusa Ravenna

FIGURE 5. Cypella aurinegra. A. flower, upper view. B. flower, lateral view. C. Detail of stamens and style. Cypella gutatta. D. Flower, upper view. E. Flower, lateral view. F. Detail of stamens and style (A–B from L.P. Deble et al. 15105; C from González 2250; D from L.P. Deble et al. 14990; E–F from L.P. Deble et al. 14991).

FIGURE 6. Cypella ravenniana. A. Habit. B. Flower, lateral view. C. Flower, upper view. D. Flowers, tepals removed. E. Inner tepal. F. Capsule. G. Seed. H. Spathe with immature capsule. I in Three new species of Cypella (Iridaceae) from South America, and taxonomic delimitation of C. suffusa Ravenna

FIGURE 6. Cypella ravenniana. A. Habit. B. Flower, lateral view. C. Flower, upper view. D. Flowers, tepals removed. E. Inner tepal. F. Capsule. G. Seed. H. Spathe with immature capsule. I. Stamen (A–C, E–I from Deble et Alves 15505; D from Deble & Alves 15504).