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1,271 results for “tropical forest”
Distribution. Main tropical rainforest belt from Senegal and Guinea Bissau to NW Uganda and E DR Congo, reaching as S boundary N Angola (Cabinda); no recent records from Gambia or Chad and its presence is uncertain in S Sudan and SW Ethiopia. As a species that may range widely through gallery forests, it may also occur in adjacent countries. in Suidae
Distribution. Main tropical rainforest belt from Senegal and Guinea Bissau to NW Uganda and E DR Congo, reaching as S boundary N Angola (Cabinda); no recent records from Gambia or Chad and its presence is uncertain in S Sudan and SW Ethiopia. As a species that may range widely through gallery forests, it may also occur in adjacent countries.
Data from: Topography in tropical forests enhances growth and survival differences within and among species via water availability and biotic interactions
<p class="Cuerpo">Topography is associated with variation in soil water, biogeochemical properties and climate, which drive diversity by filtering species and promoting niche differences. However, the potential for topography to promote fitness differences and diversity among tree species and populations remains poorly tested in tropical rainforests, especially at small spatial scales in everwet climates.</p> <p class="Cuerpo">We reciprocally transplanted tree seedlings between ridge and riparian sites and manipulated neighbour abundance and water availability to assess growth and survival differences both among species and between populations within species in response to changes in biotic interactions and soil water gradients associated with topographic heterogeneity.</p> <p class="Cuerpo">Seedling growth rates were higher on the ridge, but probability of survival was lower on the ridge than the riparian site. Topography also altered growth and survival responses to water availability such that seedlings in the inundated soils in the riparian site had the lowest growth and survival but increased rapidly with moderate soil drying. By contrast, growth and survival on the ridge were generally unresponsive to drying, although severe drought on the ridge reinforced differences among species in growth rates and probability of survival.</p> <p class="Cuerpo">The patterns of growth and survival within species did not provide evidence of local adaptation between seedlings from lowland and upslope origins. However, within species, topographic seed-origin determined the response of seedling growth and survival to increasing neighbour abundance, indicative of divergent selective pressures between individuals growing in different topographic environments.</p> <p class="Cuerpo">Combined, these results suggest that topographic heterogeneity promotes tropical forest diversity both at the species level via environmental filtering due to water availability and at the population level via functional responses to the density of neighbouring vegetation.</p>
Tropical tall forests are more sensitive and vulnerable to drought than short forests
<p>The main figures and corresponding plotting data of the paper titled 'Tropical tall forests are more sensitive and vulnerable to drought than short forests', which has been submitted to Global Change Biology.</p>
FIGURE 1 in Russelia tehuana (Plantaginaceae), a new species from the tropical dry deciduous forest in Oaxaca, Mexico
FIGURE 1. Russelia tehuana Pérez-Calix & Guzmán-Díaz, sp. nov. A) Branch with leaves and inflorescence; B) stem segments showing sides and ridges at the angles; C) detail of the abaxial side of the lamina, resinous lepidotes are present across both surfaces of the lamina; D) lateral view of the flower, the centrally constricted corolla is a unique trait of this species; E) flower dissection; F) lateral view of the ovary; G) capsule; H) dehiscent capsule locule; I) seed. Drawing by Alfonso Barbosa García based on E. Pérez-Calix 6745 (IEB).
FIGURE 2 in Russelia tehuana (Plantaginaceae), a new species from the tropical dry deciduous forest in Oaxaca, Mexico
FIGURE 2. Known distribution of Russelia tehuana in Oaxaca, Mexico. The type locality is indicated with a black dot.
Tropical forest restoration in the Eastern Himalaya: Evaluating early survival and growth of native tree species
<p>Asian tropical forests have among the highest rates of forest loss in the world. Ecological restoration is a vital step for biodiversity maintenance and climate change mitigation. For restoration practice, evaluation of species performance at early stages is crucial to avoid failure of the efforts and for screening species suitable to a region. Though the long-term performance of restoration plantings has been well-documented, few studies have evaluated the performance during the establishment of the planted saplings, especially in South and Southeast Asia. Restoration efforts in Northeast India, a region experiencing high forest loss, is limited by the lack of species-specific data on survival and growth. We compared inter-specific variation in seasonal survival and growth rates (diameter and height) for multiple native rainforest species from this region. We planted 3022 saplings of 50 species at a degraded open forest site. After 18 months, sapling survival varied between 9.1–94.3% for 32 species, and only six species showed "excellent" survival after 18 months. Eight out of 17 species that were tested for seasonal variation in survival showed significant differences in survival between seasons. While the diameter growth rate varied for species between seasons, the height growth rate was different between both species and season, but the interaction term between species and season was not significant. Certain animal-dispersed, medium to large-seeded primary forest species performed well and are vital for future restoration efforts in this region.</p>
Phytogeographic origin determines Tropical Montane Cloud Forest hydraulic trait composition
<p>Tropical montane cloud forests (TMCF) have unique climatic conditions, which allow the coexistence of plant lineages with different phytogeographic origins from tropical versus temperate climates. Future climate projections suggest TMCFs will be subjected to increasing drought stress due to fog uplift and higher temperatures, possibly leading to tree mortality and local extinctions, and consequently changes in forest composition and functioning. Characterising community functional composition, trade-offs among traits and the drivers of community assembly is of utmost importance to improve our capacity to predict the response of montane plant communities to forecast climate change.</p> <p>Here, we aimed to test if species from different phytogeographic origins (i.e. tropical - evergreen x deciduous - and temperate) differ in drought vulnerability and how the co-existence of these groups change the hydraulic composition of TMCF`s. We used a framework based on measurements of key hydraulic traits (i.e. xylem embolism resistance, hydraulic safety margin, stomata control, turgor loss point, minimum water potential) of 16 dominant species (> 70% of the forest basal area) within a TMCF in the Atlantic Rain Forest Domain in southeast Brazil. We used community-weighted means to model whether removing each species group would change the community hydraulic functional composition.</p> <p>Temperate, tropical deciduous and tropical evergreen groups differ in their hydraulic functioning and these differences explain forest functional composition and taxa dominance. Temperate and tropical deciduous taxa were consistently more vulnerable hydraulically (i.e. lower safety margins and embolism resistance). The coexistence of different phytogeographic lineages is a key determinant of TMCF hydraulic composition. We also used models including phylogeny to evaluate the variation of hydraulic traits across Phytogeographic groups, and the results suggest some niche conservatism associated with plant hydraulic functioning.</p> <p>Our results provide evidence of the importance of species phytogeographic origin on TMCF functioning, and niche conservatism in the evolution of hydraulic traits. The higher drought vulnerability observed in temperate group might be a mechanistic explanation for the expansion of temperate taxa distribution to wetter places during past colder and drier climate. Thus, we suggest hydraulic functional traits may be useful to predict future dynamics of TMCFs under changing climatic conditions.</p>
Sapwood area~DBH allometries for 14 common tree species in a successional tropical forest in Thailand
<p>Sapwood area is an important parameter for estimating canopy transpiration in the forest water cycle. However, sapwood area highly varies across species and forest ecosystems and is difficult to measure directly. Therefore, species- and site-specific allometric equations are needed to estimate the sapwood area of all trees in a forest. Here, we conducted a comprehensive campaign to measure sapwood thickness and to estimate the sapwood area of 14 common tree species in a successional forest in Thailand. These data represent the first comprehensive measurements of sapwood area in south-east Asian successional forests growing under diverse environmental conditions in terms of soil moisture and canopy density. The results show that a power function can significantly explain the relationship between sapwood area and stem size, represented by diameter at breast height (DBH), in all species in both primary and secondary forests. Interestingly, a single equation could describe the sapwood area~DBH relationship in all species and forest stages, except for Dipterocarpus gracilis, an emergent, dominant species in the primary forest. The latter showed slower growth in sapwood area once the trees reached a DBH of ~30 cm. Overall, our results can benefit future studies that estimate canopy transpiration of tropical forests with similar conditions as in our study sites.</p>
Subspecies and Distribution. P. g. gymnocercus Fischer, 1814 — subtropical grasslands of NE Argentina, SE Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. P.g. antiquus Ameghino, 1889 — Pampas grasslands, monte scrublands, and open woodlands of C Argentina. P. g. lordi Massoia, 1982 — Chaco-montane tropical forest ecotone in NW Argentina (Salta & Jujuy Provinces). The subspecific status of the Pampas Fox from Entre Rios Province in Argentina remains unclear, and there are no data regarding the taxonomic position of Bolivian foxes. in Canidae
Subspecies and Distribution. P. g. gymnocercus Fischer, 1814 — subtropical grasslands of NE Argentina, SE Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. P.g. antiquus Ameghino, 1889 — Pampas grasslands, monte scrublands, and open woodlands of C Argentina. P. g. lordi Massoia, 1982 — Chaco-montane tropical forest ecotone in NW Argentina (Salta & Jujuy Provinces). The subspecific status of the Pampas Fox from Entre Rios Province in Argentina remains unclear, and there are no data regarding the taxonomic position of Bolivian foxes.
Tropical montane forest in South Asia: Composition, structure and dieback in relation to soils and topography
<p>We evaluated the composition, structure and dieback of a montane forest in relation to soils and physiography of an important biogeographic region that has been sparsely studied. Our objectives were to: 1. Describe the forest composition and structure; 2. Assess the current extent of dieback; and 3. Relate tree composition, structure, and dieback proneness to edaphic and physiographic measures. We enumerated all live and dead standing plants ≥ 3 cm diameter at breast height (DBH), in thirty 20×15 m<sup>2</sup> over story plots. We measured all regeneration <u><</u> 1m height in subplots, sampled soils and measures of physiography, and visually rated the proportion of crown die-back, and recorded standing dead trees.</p>
Functional susceptibility of tropical forests to climate change
<p>Summary R code and main functions used in the manuscript '<strong>Functional susceptibility of tropical forests to climate change'</strong></p>
Diurnal rainfall response to the physiological and radiative effects of CO2 in tropical forests in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model v1
<p>Necessary outputs and scripts for recreating the figures for the journal article with the same title.</p>
Demographic rates and stature of tree species in 13 sub-tropical forests: annual growth, annual survival, annual recruitment >( 1 cm dbh), stature (max dbh)
<p>Organisms of all species must balance their allocation to growth, survival and recruitment. Among tree species, evolution has resulted in different life-history strategies for partitioning resources to these key demographic processes. Life-history strategies in tropical forests have often been shown to align along a trade-off between fast growth and high survival, i.e. the well-known fast-slow continuum. In addition, an orthogonal trade-off has been proposed between tall stature – resulting from fast growth and high survival – and recruitment success, i.e. a stature−recruitment trade-off. However, it is not clear if these two independent dimensions of life-history variation structure tropical forests worldwide.</p> <p>We used data from 13 large-scale and long-term tropical forest monitoring plots in three continents to explore the principal trade-offs in annual growth, survival and recruitment as well as tree stature. These forests included relatively undisturbed forests as well as typhoon-disturbed forests. Life-history variation in twelve forests was structured by two orthogonal trade-offs, the growth−survival trade-off and the stature−recruitment trade-off. Pairwise Procrustes analysis revealed a high similarity of demographic relationships among forests. The small deviations were related to differences between African and Asian plots.</p> <p><em>Synthesis</em>. The fast-slow continuum and tree stature are two independent dimensions structuring many, but not all tropical tree communities. Our discovery of the consistency of demographic trade-offs and life-history strategies across different forest types from three continents substantially improves our ability to predict tropical forest dynamics worldwide.</p>
Data from: Plant functional types broadly describe water use strategies in the Caatinga, a seasonally dry tropical forest in northeast Brazil
<ol> <li><span>In seasonally dry tropical forests, plant functional type can be classified as deciduous low wood density, deciduous high wood density, or evergreen high wood density species. While deciduousness is often associated with drought-avoidance and low wood density is often associated with tissue water storage, the degree to which these functional types may correspond to diverging and unique water use strategies has not been extensively tested. </span></li> <li><span>We examined (1) tolerance to water stress, measured by pre-dawn and mid-day leaf water potential; (2) water use efficiency, measured via foliar δ<sup>13</sup>C; and (3) access to soil water,<i> </i>measured via stem water δ<sup>18</sup>O.</span></li> <li><span>We found that deciduous low wood density species maintain high leaf water potential and low water use efficiency. Deciduous high wood density species have lower leaf water potential and variable water use efficiency. Both groups rely on shallow soil water. Evergreen high wood density species have low<i> </i>leaf water potential, higher water use efficiency, and access alternative water sources. These findings indicate that deciduous low wood density species are drought avoiders, with a specialized strategy for storing root and stem water. Deciduous high wood density species are moderately drought tolerant, and evergreen high wood density species are the most drought tolerant group. </span></li> <li><span><i>Synthesis. </i>Our results broadly support the plant functional type framework as a way to understand water use strategies, but also highlight species-level differences. </span></li> </ol>
Distribution. Widely distributed in tropical forest belt of Africa extending from Senegal in W to E DR Congo in the FE; there is a separate population restricted to coastal Kenya, Tanzania (including Pemba and Unguja Is in Zanzibar Archipelago), and NE Mozambique, with scattered records from Zambia, S Malawi, N Zimbabwe, and WC Mozambique. in Nycteridae
Distribution. Widely distributed in tropical forest belt of Africa extending from Senegal in W to E DR Congo in the FE; there is a separate population restricted to coastal Kenya, Tanzania (including Pemba and Unguja Is in Zanzibar Archipelago), and NE Mozambique, with scattered records from Zambia, S Malawi, N Zimbabwe, and WC Mozambique.
Distribution. Very patchily distributed in tropical forests in Guinea, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Cameroon, Gabon, NE DR Congo, and NE Zambia. in Nycteridae
Distribution. Very patchily distributed in tropical forests in Guinea, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Cameroon, Gabon, NE DR Congo, and NE Zambia.
Distribution. Patchily distributed in tropical forests in Ivory Coast, Ghana, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, DR Congo, South Sudan, W Uganda, W Kenya, W Burundi, and N Angola. in Nycteridae
Distribution. Patchily distributed in tropical forests in Ivory Coast, Ghana, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, DR Congo, South Sudan, W Uganda, W Kenya, W Burundi, and N Angola.
Distribution. Patchily distributed in tropical forests of W & C Africa extending from Sierra Leone and Liberia to Togo and from SW Nigeria, Cameroon, and Gabon (including Bioko I) through DR Congo to South Sudan, W Uganda, SW Kenya, and NW Tanzania, and S to N Angola. in Nycteridae
Distribution. Patchily distributed in tropical forests of W & C Africa extending from Sierra Leone and Liberia to Togo and from SW Nigeria, Cameroon, and Gabon (including Bioko I) through DR Congo to South Sudan, W Uganda, SW Kenya, and NW Tanzania, and S to N Angola.
Distribution. Very patchily distributed in tropical forests of W & C Africa in Guinea, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Cameroon, Gabon, and NE DR Congo, with outlying records from NW Tanzania and NE Angola. in Nycteridae
Distribution. Very patchily distributed in tropical forests of W & C Africa in Guinea, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Cameroon, Gabon, and NE DR Congo, with outlying records from NW Tanzania and NE Angola.
Distribution. Widely distributed throughout sub-Saharan Africa, from Senegal to Sudan and S to E South Africa. It is absent from the Horn of Africa, the Central African tropical forest basin, and the arid areas of Namibia, Botswana, and South Africa. in Thryonomyidae
Distribution. Widely distributed throughout sub-Saharan Africa, from Senegal to Sudan and S to E South Africa. It is absent from the Horn of Africa, the Central African tropical forest basin, and the arid areas of Namibia, Botswana, and South Africa.
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