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FIGURE 17 in New synonyms and a new subspecies of Macrogomphus Selys, 1858 (Odonata: Gomphidae) from continental south-east Asia

FIGURE 17. Habitat of Macrogomphus phalantus jayavarman subsp; nov., margin of open temporarily flooded forest 1.5 km SSW of Kampong Pluk village, 70 m S from northern bank of Lake Tonlé Sap, at the beginning of water level rise on 15 vi 2018.

FIGURE 14 in New synonyms and a new subspecies of Macrogomphus Selys, 1858 (Odonata: Gomphidae) from continental south-east Asia

FIGURE 14. Males of Macrogomphus phalantus jayavarman subsp; nov. in nature (the same data as in Fig. 9). On the left upper photo a dead colony of bivalve mollusks is seen on the branch, which appeared when the forest was inundated.

FIGURE 12 in New synonyms and a new subspecies of Macrogomphus Selys, 1858 (Odonata: Gomphidae) from continental south-east Asia

FIGURE 12. Holotype, male (a), and paratype, female (b) of Macrogomphus phalantus jayavarman subsp; nov. Cambodia, Siem Reap Province, 1.5 km SSW of Kampong Pluk village, 70 m S from northern bank of Lake Tonlé Sap, low, open temporarily flooded forest, 13.1956° N, 103.9725° E, 3 m a.s.l., 15 vi 2018, O. Kosterin leg.

FIGURE 10 in New synonyms and a new subspecies of Macrogomphus Selys, 1858 (Odonata: Gomphidae) from continental south-east Asia

FIGURE 10. Male individuals (of Macrogomphus albardae in the sense of this paper) of the dashed (a–b) and intermediate (c) morphs from the northern Vietnam, identified as M. guilinensis by Kompier (2019): a— Bắc Can Province, Ba Bể National Park, 24 vii 2014; b— the same place, 9 vii 2017; c—Quang Binh Province, Phong Nha—Kẻ Bàng National Park, 6 v 2016. Not to scale. Courtesy of Tom Kompier.

FIGURE 8 in New synonyms and a new subspecies of Macrogomphus Selys, 1858 (Odonata: Gomphidae) from continental south-east Asia

FIGURE 8. Holotype of Macrogomphus borikhanensis Fraser, 1933 and its labels (BMNH): a—dorsal view; b—lateral view. Not to scale. Courtesy of Benjamin Price.

FIGURE 5. A in New synonyms and a new subspecies of Macrogomphus Selys, 1858 (Odonata: Gomphidae) from continental south-east Asia

FIGURE 5. A small male of Macrogomphus albardae of the ringed morph, collected by the author on 21 viii 2018 in Cambodia, Preah Vihear Province, Srae Veal village env.: a—habitus in live colours, dorsal view; b—ditto, lateral view (not to scale); canal appendages, dorsal view; d—ditto, lateral view; e—secondary genitalia, lateral view; f—posterior hamulus, anteriolateral view. Scale bars: upper 2 mm; lower 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 9 in New synonyms and a new subspecies of Macrogomphus Selys, 1858 (Odonata: Gomphidae) from continental south-east Asia

FIGURE 9. Details of the holotype of Macrogomphus borikhanensis Fraser, 1933 (BMNH): a—anal appendages, dorsal view; b—ditto, lateral view; c—secondary genitalia, lateral view; d—anal appendages as depicted by Fraser (1933: fig. 8a, c) (the same as Fig. 2c). Not to scale. Courtesy of Benjamin Price.

FIGURE 11 in New synonyms and a new subspecies of Macrogomphus Selys, 1858 (Odonata: Gomphidae) from continental south-east Asia

FIGURE 11. Anal appendages of males of Macrogomphus albardae reported as M. matsukii Asahina, 1986, by Yokoi (2002; Yokoi & Sopuhanthong 2014) from Laos, Vientiane Prefecture, 10 km NW of Tabok, 3 v 2001, N. Yokoi leg., courtesy of Naoto Yokoi (a–b), by Kosterin et al. (2011) from Thailand, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Nong Bun Nak village, viii 2009, Alexey Korshunov leg. (c); and by Kompier (2018) from Vietnam, Lâm Đồng Province, Cát Tiên National Park, Ben Cuu Rapids, 3 v 2018, J. Holden leg. (d). Not to scale.

FIGURE 3 in New synonyms and a new subspecies of Macrogomphus Selys, 1858 (Odonata: Gomphidae) from continental south-east Asia

FIGURE 3. Anal appendages (a–h) and secondary genitalia (j–k) of Macrogomphus albardae as illustrated in literature: aafter Lieftinck (1935: fig. 9) (as M. parallelogramma albardae); b—after Orr (2005: p. 64) (as M. parallelogramma albardae); c—after Fraser (1933: fig. 8a, c) (as M. borikhanensis); d—after Asahina (1986: fig. 8–9) (as? M. phalantus): e, j—after Asahina (1986: fig. 4–6) (as M. borikhanensis); f, i—after Chao (1982: fig. 1, 3, 6) (as M. guilinensis); g—after Wilson (2005: fig. 17 d, e) (as M. guilinensis); h—after Karube (2014: fig. 13) (as M. guilinensis). Not to scale; j mirrored. Asterisk indicates the proximal inner swelling of the cercus.

FIGURE 15 in New synonyms and a new subspecies of Macrogomphus Selys, 1858 (Odonata: Gomphidae) from continental south-east Asia

FIGURE 15. Details of male specimens of Macrogomphus phalantus: a–f—M. p. jayavarman subsp; nov., the holotype; gh—M. p. phalantus (After Lieftinck 1935: figs.11–12); a—head, frontal view; b–c,g—secondary genitalia, lateral view; d—anal appendages, dorsal view; e—ditto, lateral view; f—ditto, ventral view; h—dorsal and lateral view. Scale bar 1 mm. Asterisk indicates the proximal inner swellings of the cerci.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2020View details →

SCINDA GPS and UHF data supporting analysis in "On the Generation of an Unseasonal EPB Over South East Asia"

This dataset contains ground-based GPS ionospheric scintillation data collected from Bandung, Indonesia during July 2014. This GPS receiver is part of the Scintillation Network Decision Aid (SCINDA) network (Groves et al., 1997). This particular dataset supports the analysis conducted in Currie et al. (2020). Currie, J. L., B. A. Carter, J. Retterer, T. Dao, R. Pradipta, R. Caton, K. Groves, Y. Otsuka, T. Yokoyama, K. Hozumi, T Le Truong, M. Terkildsen (2020), On the Generation of an Unseasonal EPB Over South East Asia, Submitted to JGR: Space Physics, Sept 2020. Groves, K.M., S. Basu, E. J. Weber, M. Smitham, H. Kuenzler, C.E. Valladares, R. Sheehan, E. MacKenzie, J.A. Secan, P. Ning, W.J. McNeill, D.W. Moonan, and M.J. Kendra (1997), Equatorial scintillation and systems support, Radio Science, 32, 2047-2064, doi:10.1029/97RS00836.

opencc-zeroSep 2020View details →

Data from: New taxa of Rhododendron tschonoskii alliance (Ericaceae) from East Asia

Three new taxa, Rhododendron sohayakiense Y. Watan. & T. Yukawa (Ericaceae), and its two varieties, var. kiusianum Y. Watan., T. Yukawa & T. Minamitani and var. koreanum Y. Watan. & T. Yukawa are described and illustrated from Japan and South Korea. They can be distinguished each other and from the other members of the R. tschonoskii alliance, i.e. R. tschonoskii, R. tetramerum, R. trinerve and R. tsusiophyllum, by the combination of leaf size, leaf morphologies including lateral nerves on abaxial leaf surface, corolla morphologies including number of corolla lobes, style length and anther form. Phylogenetic inferences based on chloroplast DNA and genome-wide sequences revealed that each of the three new taxa is monophyletic and they further form a clade. Distributions of the three taxa are also clearly separated each other and also from the other members of the R. tschonoskii alliance.

opencc-zeroSep 2021View details →

Biogeographic divides in East Asia delineated by the three-step landforms of China and the East China Sea: insights from phylogeographical breaks of Kerria japonica

Aim: East Asia exhibits complex geomorphological and climatic characteristics. The aim of this study is to test whether the biogeographic divides present along the so-called three-step landforms of China and the East China Sea (ECS), and provide insight into the evolution the East Asian Flora (EAF) with respect to Hengduan Mountains, Central China and East China. Location: East Asia Taxon: Kerria japonica, a deciduous shrub distributed in subtropical mixed evergreen and deciduous broadleaved forests of East Asia. Methods: Three chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) regions and 15 nuclear microsatellite (nSSR) loci were sequenced/genotyped in 576/450 individuals. We performed phylogeographical analyses to assess genetic structure, historical gene flow and demographic history. Climate factors were examined to identify their effects on the phylogeographical breaks. Time-calibrated phylogenetic trees and ancestral range reconstruction were used to infer biogeographic history. Potential habitats at present and in the past (LIG, LGM) were identified using ecological niche modelling (ENM). Results: Distinct phylogeographical breaks were found along the ECS and the edges of the three-step landforms of China. Low historical gene flow and significant climatic differences were detected in each pair of adjacent regions. Compared with the quite stable distribution range on the Chinese mainland, Japanese populations had experienced obvious northward expansion after the LGM in response to Quaternary climate change. Main conclusions: K. japonica has a complex biogeographic history, with a Mid-Miocene origin in North America and subsequent migration into East Asia via the Bering land bridge. The onset of intra-specific diversification was probably associated with the Asian monsoon intensifications, while the CJK land bridge facilitated the formation of the Japan lineage (6.78 Ma). The spatiotemporal population differentiation in Chinese mainland demonstrates the significant role of biogeographic divides delineated by three-step landforms of China; and provides clues to help understand the floristic regionalization and evolutionary history of plant diversity in East Asia, especially with respect to the Hengduan Mountains, Central China and East China.

opencc-zeroDec 2020View details →

Blow to the Northeast? Intraspecific differentiation of Populus davidiana suggests a northeastward skew of a phylogeographic break boundary in East Asia

Aim: There is increasing interest in the role that biological traits, and historical and biogeographic processes, play in the formation of phylogeographic patterns. An arid belt that once existed in northern China might have affected many plants, but this has yet to be untested in an arid-tolerant, wind-dispersed species. Here we tested how intrinsic and extrinsic factors have affected the phylogeography of Populus davidiana. Location: East Asia Methods: Genetic variation was surveyed across 40 populations (555 individuals) covering the Chinese range of P. davidiana, using 16 nuclear microsatellite loci (nSSRs) and four chloroplast fragments (cpDNA). Demographic and migration hypotheses were tested using coalescent-based approaches, and the present and past potential distributions were predicted using species distribution modelling. Results: Molecular data divides P. davidiana into two lineages, northeastern China (NECR), and central and northern China (CNCR); however, the dividing line is around 118ºE for nSSRs, but 122ºE for cpDNA. The range and habitat of the two lineages barely overlap at present, and their ecological separation may have initiated around the Pliocene-Quaternary boundary, when major infraspecific cpDNA clades diverged. NECR and CNCR experienced postglacial northeastward and northward range shifts, respectively. Bi-directional historical gene flow was detected between NECR and CNCR for both bi-parentally inherited nSSRs and maternally inherited cpDNA. Demographic inferences suggest a severe bottleneck for CNCR and especially NECR, around the latest Pleistocene. Main conclusions: The phylogeographic break within P. davidiana reflects the impacts of biogeographic history, climate and biological traits. Its plumed, wind-dispersed seeds might be especially significant, because prevailing southwestern spring winds may have moved the NECR-CNCR boundary further east than similar phylogenetic breaks in other species, and also moved the cpDNA boundary relative to that for nuclear markers. Biological traits, therefore, should also be considered when examining the genetic and ecological differentiation between closely related taxa.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

Data from: Influences of climate and historical land connectivity on ant beta diversity in East Asia

Aim Biodiversity patterns reflect both ecological and evolutionary processes interacting with geographical variation in climate and the current and historical connectivity between land areas. We sought to disentangle these effects in explaining the organization of ant diversity across geographical areas and islands in East Asia. Location The Japanese Archipelago including the Ryukyu and Ogasawara Islands, Taiwan and coastal continental regions of Korea, China and Russia. Methods We aggregated species occurrence records from published literature, specimen databases and museum records, and compiled climatic variables for islands and politically defined continental areas. Current and historic land connections in the Last Glacial Maximum were determined using bathymetric databases. We analysed factors driving patterns of Simpson composition dissimilarity using multiple regression of distance matrices (MRM). Results Temperature was the largest driver of dissimilarity among areas, with geographical distance and historical land contiguity also being important. Current land contiguity had no detectable effect. Main Conclusions We found climate to be a primary driver of ant diversity patterns on large scales, consistent with previous work on ants and other organisms. Interestingly, land connectivity during historical periods of low sea level was more important than current land connectivity in explaining faunal similarities. This implies that despite the potential overwater dispersal of ants, overland dispersal via transient land connections is a more important driver of regional-scale biogeographical pattern in East Asia.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2021View details →

Seismic noise cross-correlation functions for East Asia

The files uploaded here contain the ambient seismic noise cross-correlation functions used to measure Rayleigh and Love wave group velocity dispersion in East Asia.

opennotspecifiedJul 2001View details →

FIGURES 45 in Whiteflies (Sternorrhyncha, Aleyrodidae) colonising ferns (Pteridophyta: Filicopsida), with descriptions of two new Trialeurodes and one new Metabemisia species from southeast Asia

FIGURES 45. Trialeurodes rex Martin sp. nov. (4) puparium, ventral detail to left of line; (5) vasiform orifice and posterior dorsal detail of puparium.

opennotspecifiedJul 2001View details →

FIGURES 13 in Whiteflies (Sternorrhyncha, Aleyrodidae) colonising ferns (Pteridophyta: Filicopsida), with descriptions of two new Trialeurodes and one new Metabemisia species from southeast Asia

FIGURES 13. Trialeurodes bruneiensis Martin sp. nov. (1) puparium, ventral detail to right of line; (2) vasiform orifice and posterior dorsal detail of puparium; (3) thirdinstar larva, ventral detail as inset to right.

opennotspecifiedJul 2001View details →

FIGURES 67 in Whiteflies (Sternorrhyncha, Aleyrodidae) colonising ferns (Pteridophyta: Filicopsida), with descriptions of two new Trialeurodes and one new Metabemisia species from southeast Asia

FIGURES 67. Metabemisia palawana Martin sp. nov. (6) postemergence pupal case with righthand cephalothorax removed to reveal ventral detail; (7) vasiform orifice and posterior dorsal detail of puparium.