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2,817 results for “Fats”
Rapid recovery by fat- and muscle-depleted Blackpoll Warblers following trans-oceanic migration is driven by time-minimization
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Supplement material from: Plasma levels of triglycerides and IL6 are associated with weight regain and fat mass expansion
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Supplementary material from: Chinese adults are more susceptible to effects of overall obesity and fat distribution on cardiometabolic risk factors
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Appendicular muscle mass, thigh intermuscular fat infiltration and risk of fall in postmenopausal osteoporotic elder women
<p>This data set refers to the study registered at clinicaltrials.gov (ref. n.: NCT03382366). This observational, cross-sectional, pilot study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (ref. n.: 17/INT/2017) and all procedures were performed in compliance with current national and international laws and regulations governing the use of human subjects (Declaration of Helsinki). </p> <p>The association between the quantity and composition of skeletal muscle and the decline in physical function in elderly is poorly understood. Therefore, the primary aim of this cross-over study was to investigate the association between thigh intramuscular adipose tissue infiltration, appendicular muscle mass and risk of fall in postmenopausal osteoporotic elder women. Second, we aimed at examining the differences in muscle mass, IMAT and risk of fall in the same sample of older subjects after being classified as sarcopenic or non sarcopenic on the basis of the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry-based Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass Index.</p>
Effects of diet fermentability and supplementation of 2-hydroxy-(4-methylthio) butanoic acid and isoacids on milk fat depression: 2. Ruminal fermentation, fatty acid, and bacterial community structure
<p>The experiment was conducted to understand ruminal effects of diet modification during moderate milk fat depression (MFD) and ruminal effects of HMTBa and isoacids on alleviating MFD. Five ruminally cannulated cows were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design with the following 5 dietary treatments (dry matter basis): HF-C, a high forage and low starch control diet with 1.5% safflower oil; LF-C, a low forage and high starch control diet with 1.5% safflower oil; LF-HMTBa, the LF-C diet supplemented with HMTBa (0.11%; 28 g/d); LF-IA, the LF-C diet supplemented with isoacids (0.24%; 60 g/d; IA); and LF-COMB, the LF-C diet supplemented with HMTBa and IA. The experiment consisted of 5 periods with 21 d per period (14-d diet adaptation and 7-d sampling). Ruminal samples were collected to determine fermentation characteristics (0, 1, 3, and 6 h after feeding), long chain fatty acids (FA) profile (6 h after feeding), and bacterial community structure by analyzing 16S gene amplicon sequences (3 h after feeding). Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS in a Latin square design. Preplanned comparison between HF-C and LF-C were conducted and the main effects of HMTBa and IA and their interaction within the LF diets were examined. The LF-C diet decreased ruminal pH and the ratio of acetate to propionate, with no major changes detected in ruminal FA profile compared with HF-C. The alpha diversity for LF-C was lower compared with HF-C, and beta diversity also differed between LF-C and HF-C. The relative abundance of bacterial phyla and genera associated indirectly with fiber degradation was influenced by LF-C versus HF-C. As the main effect of HMTBa within the LF diets, HMTBa increased the ratio of acetate to propionate and butyrate molar proportion. Ruminal saturated FA were increased and unsaturated FA concentration were decreased by HMTBa, with minimal changes detected in ruminal bacterial diversity and community. As the main effect of IA, IA supplementation increased ruminal concentration of all branched chain volatile FA and valerate and increased the percentage of trans-10 C18 isomers in total FA. In addition, alpha diversity and the number of functional features were increased for IA. Changes in the abundances of bacterial phyla and genera were minimal for IA. Interactions between HMTBa and IA were observed for ruminal variables and some bacterial taxa abundances. In conclusion, increasing trans-10 C18 isomers did not decrease milk fat yield for LF-C versus HF-C when dietary PUFA level was similar. Supplementation of HMTBa increased biohydrogenation capacity, and supplemental IA increased bacterial diversity, possibly alleviating MFD. The combination of HMTBa and IA had no associative effects in the rumen and need further studies to understand the interactive mechanism.</p>
Data from: Curcumin improves glycolipid metabolism through regulating peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ signalling pathway in high-fat diet-induced obese mice and 3T3-L1 adipocytes
Curcumin, an active component derived from the Curcuma longa L. which is a traditional Chinese medicine that is widely used for treating metabolic diseases through regulating different molecular pathway. Here, in this study, we aimed to comprehensively investigate the effects of curcumin on glycolipid metabolism in vivo and in vitro and then determine the underlying mechanism. Male C57BL/6J obese mice and 3T3-L1 adipocytes were used in vivo and in vitro study, respectively. Our results demonstrated that treatment with curcumin for 8 weeks decreased body weight, fat mass and serum lipid profiles. Meanwhile, it lowered fasting blood glucose and increased the insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet induced obese mice. In addition, curcumin stimulated lipolysis and improve glycolipid through upregulating the expressions of ATGL, HSL, PPARγ, C/EBPα and PPARα in adipose tissue of the mice. In differentiated 3T3-L1 cells, curcumin reduced glycerol release and increased glucose uptake via upregulating PPARγ and C/EBPα. We concluded that curcumin has potential to improve glycolipid metabolism disorders caused by obesity through regulating PPARγ signaling pathway.
Data from: A fat-derived metabolite regulates a peptidergic feeding circuit in Drosophila
Here, we show that the enzymatic cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) inhibits feeding in Drosophila. BH4 biosynthesis requires the sequential action of the conserved enzymes Punch, Purple, and Sepiapterin Reductase (Sptr). Although we observe increased feeding upon loss of Punch and Purple in the adult fat body, loss of Sptr must occur in the brain. We found Sptr expression is required in four adult neurons that express neuropeptide F (NPF), the fly homologue of the vertebrate appetite regulator neuropeptide Y (NPY). As expected, feeding flies BH4 rescues the loss of Punch and Purple in the fat body and the loss of Sptr in NPF neurons. Mechanistically, we found BH4 deficiency reduces NPF staining, likely by promoting its release, while excess BH4 increases NPF accumulation without altering its expression. We thus show that, because of its physically distributed biosynthesis, BH4 acts as a fat-derived signal that induces satiety by inhibiting the activity of the NPF neurons.
Data from: Perinatal lead (Pb) exposure results in sex-specific effects on food intake, fat, weight, and insulin response across the murine life-course
Developmental lead (Pb) exposure has been associated with lower body weight in human infants and late onset obesity in mice. We determined the association of perinatal Pb exposure in mice with changes in obesity-related phenotypes into adulthood. Mice underwent exposure via maternal drinking water supplemented with 0 (control), 2.1 (low), 16 (medium), or 32 (high) ppm Pb-acetate two weeks prior to mating through lactation. Offspring were phenotyped at ages 3, 6, and 9 months for energy expenditure, spontaneous activity, food intake, body weight, body composition, and at age 10 months for glucose tolerance. Data analyses were stratified by sex and adjusted for litter effects. Exposed females and males exhibited increased energy expenditure as compared to controls (p<0.0001 for both). In females, horizontal activity differed significantly from controls (p = 0.02) over the life-course. Overall, food intake increased in exposed females and males (p<0.0008 and p<0.0001, respectively) with significant linear trends at 9 months in females (p = 0.01) and 6 months in males (p<0.01). Body weight was significantly increased in males at the medium and high exposures (p = 0.001 and p = 0.006). Total body fat differed among exposed females and males (p<0.0001 and p<0.0001, respectively). Insulin response was significantly increased in medium exposure males (p<0.05). Perinatal Pb exposure at blood lead levels between 4.1 µg/dL and 32 µg/dL is associated with increased food intake, body weight, total body fat, energy expenditure, activity, and insulin response in mice. Physiological effects of developmental Pb exposure persist and vary according to sex and age.
Data from: High fat diet induces microbiota-dependent silencing of enteroendocrine cells
<p>Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) are specialized sensory cells in the intestinal epithelium that sense and transduce nutrient information. Consumption of dietary fat contributes to metabolic disorders, but EEC adaptations to high fat feeding were unknown. Here, we established a new experimental system to directly investigate EEC activity in vivo using a zebrafish reporter of EEC calcium signaling. Our results reveal that high fat feeding alters EEC morphology and converts them into a nutrient insensitive state that is coupled to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We called this novel adaptation 'EEC silencing'. Gnotobiotic studies revealed that germ-free zebrafish are resistant to high fat diet induced EEC silencing. High fat feeding altered gut microbiota composition including enrichment of <em>Acinetobacter </em>species, and we identified an <em>Acinetobacter</em> strain sufficient to induce EEC silencing. These results establish a new mechanism by which dietary fat and gut microbiota modulate EEC nutrient sensing and signaling.</p>
High-fat mice feeding behavior dataset
<p>High-fat mice feeding behavior dataset for rendering in shiny-pergola app</p>
Shear Viscoelastic Properties of Human Orbital Fat
<p>Here are the raw data and Matlab files used for the study:</p> <p>1)FrequencySweep</p> <p>2)StrainSweep</p> <p> </p> <p>3) Stress failure</p> <p>4) stressrelaxation (stress relaxation data at temperature of 37 degrees)</p> <p>5)information_r (Specimens information which has been used at temperature of 37 degrees)</p> <p>6) prony _<em>st</em>_rel11 (matlab file used to get Prony series coefficients)</p>
Figure 2 from: Issa R, Abu Samak M, Abbas MM, Al-Qaisi T, Obeidat R, Ghanim B, Qinna N (2024) Effect of Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. on body weight and Leptin/Ghrelin in standard and high-fat diet. Pharmacia 71: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e117823
Figure 2 Percent Body Weight change in healthy and obese animals treated with E. ramosissimum extract. Comparison of weight change was made between: Standard Diet (SD); SD receiving Plant extract (SDP); High-fat Diet (HD); and HD receiving Plant extract (HDP). ***: p<0.001 in comparison to SD, as calculated through t-test.
Figure 3 from: Issa R, Abu Samak M, Abbas MM, Al-Qaisi T, Obeidat R, Ghanim B, Qinna N (2024) Effect of Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. on body weight and Leptin/Ghrelin in standard and high-fat diet. Pharmacia 71: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e117823
Figure 3 Serum concentrations of leptin and ghrelin and their corresponding ratios. Serum concentrations of leptin and ghrelin and their corresponding ratios were quantified for animals receiving Standard Diet (SD); SD receiving Plant extract (SDP); High-fat Diet (HD); and HD receiving Plant extract (HDP). Ratios of leptin/ghrelin were calculated and presented in normalized values to the standard body levels (right y-axis), specifically per animals receiving SD. **: p<0.01; *p<0.05 in comparison to SD.
Figure 1 from: Issa R, Abu Samak M, Abbas MM, Al-Qaisi T, Obeidat R, Ghanim B, Qinna N (2024) Effect of Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. on body weight and Leptin/Ghrelin in standard and high-fat diet. Pharmacia 71: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e117823
Figure 1 Total Phenol and Flavonoid content in E. ramosissimum extract. Extracts are quantified against equivalent quantities of reference standards, specifically Gallic acid and quercetin, respectively.
Impacts of a high fat diet on the metabolic profile and the phenotype of atrial myocardium in mice
<p>Aims: Obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndromes are risk factors of atrial fibrillation (AF). We tested the hypothesis that metabolic disorders have a direct impact on the atria favoring the formation of the substrate of AF.</p> <p>Methods & Results: Untargeted metabolomic and lipidomic analysis was used to investigate the consequences of a prolonged high fat diet (HFD) on mouse atria. Atrial properties were characterized by measuring mitochondria respiration in saponin-permeabilized trabeculae, by recording action potential with glass microelectrodes in trabeculae and ionic currents in myocytes using the perforated configuration of patch clamp technique and by several immuno-histological and biochemical approaches. After 16 weeks of HFD, obesogenic mice showed a vulnerability to AF. The atrial myocardium acquired an adipogenic and inflammatory phenotypes. Metabolomic and lipidomic analysis revealed a profound transformation of atrial energy metabolism with a predominance of long-chain lipid accumulation and beta-oxidation activation in the obese mice. Mitochondria respiration showed an increased use of palmitoyl-CoA as energy substrate. Action potentials were short duration and sensitive to the K-ATPdependent channel inhibitor, whereas K-ATP current was enhanced in isolated atrial myocytes of obese mouse.</p> <p>Conclusion:<em><strong> </strong></em>HFD transforms energy metabolism, causes fat accumulation, and induces electrical remodeling of the atrial myocardium of mice that become vulnerable to AF.</p> <p>Translational perspective: Understanding the link between metabolic diseases and atrial fibrillation is of major importance. One hypothesis claims that, in addition to shared co-morbidities, metabolic disorders favor the substrate of atrial fibrillation. Here we show that after prolonged high fat diet, the atrial myocardium becomes adipogenic, inflamed and vulnerable to atrial fibrillation. This tissue remodeling appears to result from an unbalance between uptake and oxidation of fatty acid resulting in long-chain lipid storage, activation metabolic-sensitive potassium channel and action potential shortening. Therefore, diet appears to be an important link between metabolic disorders and atrial fibrillation.</p>
A deep dive into fat: Investigating blubber lipidomics fingerprint of killer whales and humpback whales in northern Norway
<p class="xl24">In cetaceans, blubber is the primary and largest lipid body reservoir. Our current understanding about lipid stores and uses in cetaceans is still limited and most studies only focused on a single narrow snapshot of the lipidome. We documented an extended lipidomics fingerprint in two cetacean species present in northern Norway during wintertime. We were able to detect 817 molecular lipid species in blubber of killer whales (<i>Orcinus orca</i>) and humpback whales (<i>Megaptera novaeangliae</i>). The profiles were largely dominated by triradylglycerols in both species and to a lesser extent, by other constituents including glycerophosphocholines, phosphosphingolipids, glycerophosphoethanolamines and diradylglycerols. Through a unique combination of traditional statistical approaches, together with a novel bioinformatics tool (LION/web), we showed contrasting fingerprints composition between species. The higher content of triradylglycerols in humpback whales is necessary to fuel their upcoming half a year fasting and energy-demanding migration between feeding and breeding grounds. In adipocytes, we assume that the intense feeding rate of humpback whales prior to migration translates into an important accumulation of triacylglycerols content in lipid droplets. Upstream, the endoplasmic reticulum is operating at full capacity to supply acute lipid storage, consistent with the reported enrichment of glycerophosphocholines in humpback whales, major components of the endoplasmic reticulum. There was also an enrichment of membrane components which translates into higher sphingolipids content in the lipidome of killer whales, potentially as a structural adaptation for their higher hydrodynamic performance. Finally, the presence of both lipid-enriched and lipid-depleted individuals within the killer whale population in Norway suggests dietary-specialization, consistent with significant differences of δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>13</sup>C isotopic ratios in skin between the two groups, with higher values and a wider niche for the lipid-enriched individuals. Results suggest the lipid-depleted killer whales were herring-specialists, while the lipid-enriched individuals might feed on both herrings and seals.</p>
Dataset: FAT Brands Inc. (FATBB) Stock Performance
This dataset provides historical stock market performance data for specific companies. It enables users to analyze and understand the past trends and fluctuations in stock prices over time. This information can be utilized for various purposes such as investment analysis, financial research, and market trend forecasting.
Fig. 2 in Acute copper toxicity in juvenile fat snook Centropomus parallelus (Teleostei: Centropomidae) in sea water
Fig. 2. DNA damage (A) and frequency of micronuclei (B) in erythrocytes in the Centropomus paralellus exposed (96 h) to Cu (0.94 mg/L), transferred to control sea water and maintained under this condition for 96 and 240 h. *Denotes significant different mean values between control and Cuexposed fish (p<0.05). No significant difference was observed between exposure times (p>0.05).
Fig. 1 in Acute copper toxicity in juvenile fat snook Centropomus parallelus (Teleostei: Centropomidae) in sea water
Fig. 1. DNA damage (A) and frequency of micronuclei (B) in erythrocytes of the Centropomus paralellus maintained under control condition or exposed to 0.47 and 0.94 mg/L of Cu for 24 and 96 h. *Denotes significant different mean values between control and Cu-exposed fish within the same Cu concentration and exposure time (p<0.05). No significant difference was observed between exposure times within the same Cu concentration (p>0.05).
Data for: Free-Breathing Liver Fat, R2* and B0 Field Mapping Using Multi-Echo Radial FLASH and Regularized Model-based Reconstruction (Part 4/5)
<p>This data set consists of MRI measurement data for liver scans acquired with a 3D stack-of-stars multi-echo FLASH sequence during free breathing as described in:</p> <p>Zhengguo Tan, Christina Unterberg-Buchwald, Moritz Blumenthal, Nick Scholand, Philip Schaten, Christian Holme, Xiaoqing Wang, Dirk Raddatz, Martin Uecker. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2022.3228075">Free-Breathing Liver Fat, R2* and B0 Field Mapping Using Multi-Echo Radial FLASH and Regularized Model-based Reconstruction.</a> IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 42:1374-1387 (2023) </p> <p>The data stored in the format of the BART toolbox (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.592960).</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.