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1,300 results for “Sounds”
Data from: Predatory fish sounds can alter crab foraging behavior and influence bivalve abundance
The risk of predation can have large effects on ecological communities via changes in prey behaviour, morphology and reproduction. Although prey can use a variety of sensory signals to detect predation risk, relatively little is known regarding the effects of predator acoustic cues on prey foraging behaviour. Here we show that an ecologically important marine crab species can detect sound across a range of frequencies, probably in response to particle acceleration. Further, crabs suppress their resource consumption in the presence of experimental acoustic stimuli from multiple predatory fish species, and the sign and strength of this response is similar to that elicited by water-borne chemical cues. When acoustic and chemical cues were combined, consumption differed from expectations based on independent cue effects, suggesting redundancies among cue types. These results highlight that predator acoustic cues may influence prey behaviour across a range of vertebrate and invertebrate taxa, with the potential for cascading effects on resource abundance.
Data from: AviaNZ: a future-proofed program for annotation and recognition of animal sounds in long-time field recordings
The routine collection of long‐time acoustic recordings of animals in the field presents new challenges in data analysis. While many terabytes of data are collected annually, effective use of this noisy, highly variable data require skilled humans to manually identify calls. While computer programs to automatically analyse these recordings are becoming available, it is important that they are user‐friendly and easy‐to‐use, so that everybody – citizen scientists, wildlife managers, researchers – can take advantage of them, and that they keep the human in the loop so analyses carried out this year are comparable both to manual call counts from the past, and more accurate automated analyses performed in the future. We present the AviaNZ program, which is designed to achieve these goals: the software includes methods for simple, rapid manual annotation of recordings, denoising and segmentation methods, and a training procedure by which the user can prepare their own filters to automatically recognize individual species. The software can run in batch mode, automatically processing folders of field recordings, and then present the outputs to enable the quick and easy review of the results. Finally, the outputs are presented in a variety of spreadsheets to enable different statistical analyses to be performed. We describe the various workflows of manually and semi‐automatically processing sound files, annotating them to train automatic filters, using those filters in batch mode, and how the software facilitates rapid evaluation of the automated analysis. A demonstration of the software, comparing manual and automatic detection of calls of the little spotted kiwi Apteryx owenii is given. It shows that while the automatic detection does produce false positives, human correction of these is far faster than manual review of the whole sound file. AviaNZ is a freely available open‐source standalone program. Our experience shows that it can be used by anybody quickly and easily. However, for experienced users it is easily customizable and extendable. By enabling everybody involved with acoustic bird recording to quickly and easily analyse their own data, while future‐proofing it by keeping the human in the loop, we are enabling acoustic field recordings to meet their potential.
Data from: Sound amplification by means of a horn-like roosting structure in Spix's disc-winged bat
While sound is a signal modality widely used by many animals, it is very susceptible to attenuation, hampering effective long-distance communication. A strategy to minimize sound attenuation that has been historically used by humans is to use acoustic horns; to date, no other animal is known to use a similar structure to increase sound intensity. Here, we describe how the use of a roosting structure that resembles an acoustic horn (the tapered tubes that form when new leaves of plants such as Heliconia or Calathea species start to unfurl) increases sound amplification of the incoming and outgoing social calls used by Spix's disc-winged bat (Thyroptera tricolor) to locate roosts and group members. Our results indicate that incoming calls are significantly amplified as a result of sound waves being increasingly compressed as they move into the narrow end of the leaf. Outgoing calls were faintly amplified, probably as a result of increased sound directionality. Both types of call, however, experienced significant sound distortion, which might explain the patterns of signal recognition previously observed in behavioural experiments. Our study provides the first evidence of the potential role that a roost can play in facilitating acoustic communication in bats.
Data from: Fish sound production in the presence of harmful algal blooms in the eastern Gulf of Mexico
This paper presents the first known research to examine sound production by fishes during harmful algal blooms (HABs). Most fish sound production is species-specific and repetitive, enabling passive acoustic monitoring to identify the distribution and behavior of soniferous species. Autonomous gliders that collect passive acoustic data and environmental data concurrently can be used to establish the oceanographic conditions surrounding sound-producing organisms. Three passive acoustic glider missions were conducted off west-central Florida in October 2011, and September and October 2012. The deployment period for two missions was dictated by the presence of red tide events with the glider path specifically set to encounter toxic Karenia brevis blooms (a.k.a red tides). Oceanographic conditions measured by the glider were significantly correlated to the variation in sounds from six known or suspected species of fish across the three missions with depth consistently being the most significant factor. At the time and space scales of this study, there was no detectable effect of red tide on sound production. Sounds were still recorded within red tide-affected waters from species with overlapping depth ranges. These results suggest that the fishes studied here did not alter their sound production nor migrate out of red tide-affected areas. Although these results are preliminary because of the limited measurements, the data and methods presented here provide a proof of principle and could serve as protocol for future studies on the effects of algal blooms on the behavior of soniferous fishes. To fully capture the effects of episodic events, we suggest that stationary or vertically profiling acoustic recorders and environmental sampling be used as a complement to glider measurements.
Data from: Active sound production of scarab beetle larvae opens up new possibilities for species-specific pest monitoring in soils
Root-feeding Scarabaeidae larvae can pose a serious threat to agricultural and forest ecosystems, but many details of larval ecology are still unknown. We developed an acoustic data analysis method based on active sound production by larvae (i.e. stridulations) for gaining new insights into larval ecology. In a laboratory study, third instar larvae of the Common Cockchafer (Melolontha melolontha) (n = 38) and the Forest Cockchafer (M. hippocastani) (n = 15) kept in soil-filled containers were acoustically monitored for 5 min each, resulting in the first known stridulation recordings for each species. Subsequent continuous monitoring of three M. hippocastani larvae over several hours showed that a single larva could stridulate more than 70 times per hour, and stridulation rates increased drastically with increasing larval abundance. The new fractal dimension-based data analysis method automatically detected audio sections with stridulations and provided a semi-quantitative estimate of stridulation activity. It is the first data analysis method specifically targeting Scarabaeidae larvae stridulations in soils, enabling for the first time non-invasive species-specific pest monitoring.
The efficacy of X-ray micro-computed tomography for acorn worm taxonomy: Balanoglossus occidentalis (manuscript species) from Puget Sound, Washington
<p>Micro-CT scan data of Balanoglossus occidentalis generated with a Zeiss Xradia Versa 520. A first scan was made of the whole specimen with AMC drift correction, 0 beam hardening, voltage of 60 kV, currant of 82 µA, exposure time of 1.7 sec, LE2 source filter, LE6 secondary filter, 1601 Projection numbers, single FOV, vertical stitching and a resolution of 9,0373 µm. Then, a second scan was made focusing on the collar and the base of the proboscis because these regions are particularly informative to taxonomic descriptions of acorn worms. This second scan had a Projection number of 2401 and a resolution of 4.5075 µm. Each scan took 3 hours.</p>
Run, Beep, Breathe: Exploring the Effects on Adherence and User Experience of 5 Breathing Instruction Sounds while Running
<p>Five Breathing Instruction Sounds used in the experiment. </p>
Figure 8 in Do small ermine moths sing? Possible stridulatory sound production in Yponomeutidae (Lepidoptera)
Figure 8. Confocal image: three-dimensional snapshot of the stridularium of T. brunnescens showing the angle between stridularium and membrane.
Figure 3 in Do small ermine moths sing? Possible stridulatory sound production in Yponomeutidae (Lepidoptera)
Figure 3. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of the underside of Yponomeuta padella, showing the stridularium and adjacent clear area.
Spectrograms 2018-2020 of multi-position facility for HF Doppler sounding
<p>This dataset contains the processed data used for the publication: MULTI-POSITION FACILITY FOR HF DOPPLER SOUNDING OF IONOSPHERIC INHOMOGENEITIES IN UKRAINE. The dataset contains the spectrograms of received signals of multi-positional Doppler sounding system for 2018-2020 years. HF signal was registered by three stations: Low Frequency Obserwatory (LFO), receiver in the southwestern part of Kharkiv (SWK), S.Y. Braude Radio Astronomical Observatory (RAO). Spectrograms plotted for 24 and 3-hour intervals.</p>
Fig. 4. A in Identification of Sound-Producing Hydrophilid Beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) in Underwater Recordings Using Digital Signal Processing
Fig. 4. A half-second vocalization by Tropisternus blatchleyi from 0–5,000 Hz changed into the frequency domain using the Fast Fourier Transformation. Active call frequency regions are at 1,100 Hz and 4,400 Hz. The first feature for T. blatchleyi divides the sum of the points in the active frequency band by the sum of the points in the inactive band, yielding a large number in T. blatchleyi exemplar calls.
Fig. 3 in Identification of Sound-Producing Hydrophilid Beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) in Underwater Recordings Using Digital Signal Processing
Fig. 3. The classifier algorithm with two features shown in a two-dimensional graph. Beetle call data and noise data are classified based on two beetle call features: difference in active frequency range shape (x-axis and in Matlab™ as a template) and a ratio of amplitudes in an active and non-active frequency range (y-axis). The algorithm is shown as a solid black line. Most beetle calls fall within the correct classification in the lower left-hand corner, however, some fall outside the equation and are classified as noise. Likewise, noises are occasionally classified as beetles. As more features are added, the algorithm becomes multidimensional.
Fig. 2 in Identification of Sound-Producing Hydrophilid Beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) in Underwater Recordings Using Digital Signal Processing
Fig. 2. Five distress calls by Berosus pantherinus transformed into the frequency domain using the fast fourier transformation from 0–12,000 Hz (x-axis). Wide active frequency bands can be seen from 1,500–6,000 Hz and 7,000–9,500 Hz. The feature for distress calls is the sum of the data points between 1,000–6,000 Hz with an amplitude (y-axis) greater than 2.
PERUBAHAN ADMINISTRASI PUBLIK MENUJU SOUND GOVERNANCE
<p>Perubahan administrasi publik menuju Sound Governance pada tingkat regionalakan timbul diperkirakan akan sangat kompleks. Kompleksitas perubahan tersebut pada suatu sisi mendorong timbulnya kerja sama regional dalam berbagai bidang kehidupan, akan tetapi di lain pihak tidak mustahil menumbuhkan persaingan yang sangat tajam. Misalnya, pengalaman banyak negara menunjukkan bahwa tidak terlalu sulit untuk membina kerja sama dalam bidang-bidang tertentu, seperti bidang pelayanan, terutama apabila timbul persepsi bersama tentang kemungkinan timbulnya ancaman terhadap keamanan regional yang datang dari luar. Kerjasama di bidang sosial budaya – misalnya dalam bentuk pertukaran misi kebudayaan dan sejenisnya – juga merupakan hal yang lumrah terjadi. Artinya, banyak bidang sektor publik bersama pada gilirannya melahirkan suatu bentuk persetujuan kerjasama. Akan tetapi, ada juga bentuk-bentuk kebijakan publik yang menunjukkan adanya “titik temu” dan kepentingan bersama pada gilirannya melahirkan suatu bentuk sound governance dalam ilmu administrasi publik.</p>
Sound velocities and P-V-T data of phase A obtained at GSECARS beamline 13-ID-D
<p>The sound velocities and lattice parameters for sample in the under review paper, "Enhanced visibility of subduction slabs by the formation of dense hydrous phase A", submitted to the journal 'Geophysical Research Letters', are published. The high pressure and high-temperature experiment was conducted in the 1000-ton Kawai type large volume apparatus (T-25) installed at the GSECARS beamline 13-ID-D of Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. The datasets were obtained at conditions up to 11 GPa and 1073 K, using interferometry techniques in conjunction with X-radiographic and X-ray diffraction techniques.</p>
Data and code from: Light might suppress both types of sound-evoked anti-predator flight in moths
<p>Urbanization exposes wild animals to increased levels of light, affecting particularly nocturnal animals. Artificial light at night might shift the balance of predator-prey interactions, for example of nocturnal echolocating bats and eared moths. Moths exposed to light show less last-ditch manoeuvres in response to attacking close-by bats. In contrast, the extent to which negative phonotaxis, moths' first line of defence against distant bats, is affected by light is unclear. Here, we aimed to quantify the overall effect of light on both types of sound-evoked anti-predator flight, last-ditch manoeuvres and negative phonotaxis. We caught moths at two light traps, which were alternately equipped with loudspeakers that presented ultrasonic playbacks to simulate hunting bats. The light field was omnidirectional to attract moths equally from all directions. In contrast, the sound field was directional and thus, depending on the moth's approach direction, elicited either only negative phonotaxis, or negative phonotaxis and last-ditch manoeuvres. We did not observe an effect of sound playback on the number of caught moths, suggesting that light might suppress both types of anti-predator flight, as either type would have caused a decline in the number of caught moths. As control, we confirmed that our playback was able to elicit evasive flight in moths in a dark flight room. Showing no effect of a treatment, however, is difficult. We discuss potential alternative explanations for our results, and call for further studies to investigate how light interferes with animal behaviour.</p>
Simulation script and data for "Second sound in the crossover from the Bose-Einstein condensate to the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer superfluid"
<p>This upload includes numerical scripts and data used for the results in the main text and the supplementary material of the paper "Second sound in the crossover from the Bose-Einstein condensate to the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer superfluid", arXiv:2003.06847.</p>
Perceiving size through sound in sighted and visually impaired children
<p>Dataset</p>
FIGURE 5 in From an old sound recording to a new species in the genus Horatosphaga (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea: Phaneropterinae: Acrometopini)
FIGURE 5. Distribution of intervals between the teeth of the stridulatory files in the holotypes of H. raggei n. sp., H. stuhlmanni and H. leggei (interval in the middle of the file set to 1 in each species).
FIGURE 1 in From an old sound recording to a new species in the genus Horatosphaga (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea: Phaneropterinae: Acrometopini)
FIGURE 1. Distribution of H. stuhlmanni and H. raggei n. sp. (squares H. stuhlmanni, blue: data from Ragge 1960, red: from La Baume 1911, diamond H. raggei n. sp., circles type localities).
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.