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Fig. 5. P in A Study On The Feeding Biology Of Soil Oribatid Mite Papillacarus (Papillacarus) Elongatus (Acari, Lohmanniidae)

Fig. 5. P. (P.) elongatus feeding on: a — A. hirsutus; b — A. heterophyllus; c — M. indica. The faecal pellets produced are indicated by arrows.

Fig. 6. P in A Study On The Feeding Biology Of Soil Oribatid Mite Papillacarus (Papillacarus) Elongatus (Acari, Lohmanniidae)

Fig. 6. P. (P.) elongatus feeding on: a — C. cassiicola; b — T. harzianum; c — C. verruculosa. The faecal pellets produced are indicated by arrows.

Fig. 1. A in A Study On The Feeding Biology Of Soil Oribatid Mite Papillacarus (Papillacarus) Elongatus (Acari, Lohmanniidae)

Fig. 1. A view of sample collection site-Thusharagiri, Kozhikode, Kerala. The left insert shows semi-degraded leaf litter from the sampling site in detail.

Fig. 3 in A Study On The Feeding Biology Of Soil Oribatid Mite Papillacarus (Papillacarus) Elongatus (Acari, Lohmanniidae)

Fig. 3. Average defecation rate of P. (P.) elongatus per day after feeding semi-degraded leaves and microfungi.

Figure 6 in Further investigation of the characteristics and biological function of Eimeria tenella apical membrane antigen 1

Figure 6. KEGG pathway classification of differentially expressed proteins in DF-1 cells transiently transfected with EtAMA1.

Figure 5 in Further investigation of the characteristics and biological function of Eimeria tenella apical membrane antigen 1

Figure 5. Gene ontology analysis of 163 proteins differentially expressed in DF-1 cells transiently transfected with EtAMA1. Proteins were annotated based on biological process, cellular component, and molecular function.

Figure 3 in Further investigation of the characteristics and biological function of Eimeria tenella apical membrane antigen 1

Figure 3. Inhibition of sporozoite invasion in vitro by antibodies against rEtAMA1, rEtESP, and rEtRON2. (a) Invasion-inhibition activities of single antibodies. Anti-rEtAMA1, rEtESP, and rEtRON2 rabbit anti-serum against recombinant EtAMA1, EtESP and EtRON2 protein, respectively; IgG, normal rabbit serum. (b) Invasion-inhibition activities of antibody combinations. Combinations of anti-rEtAMA1 and antirEtESP or anti-rEtRON2 were added at a ratio of 1:1 to generate a gradient concentration of IgG. All assays were performed in triplicate. *p <0.05, **p <0.01 and ***p <0.001, as determined by the Student's t-test versus the non-immunized IgG groups at the same concentration.

Figure 2 in Further investigation of the characteristics and biological function of Eimeria tenella apical membrane antigen 1

Figure 2. Colocalization of EtAMA1, EtESP, and EtRON2 in sporozoites by indirect immunofluorescence. Parasites were immunostained with anti-rEtAMA1, and anti-rEtESP or anti-rEtRON2 antibodies, visualized with FITC (green) and counter-stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar, 10 µm.

Figure 1. EtAMA1 in Further investigation of the characteristics and biological function of Eimeria tenella apical membrane antigen 1

Figure 1. EtAMA1 is secreted by micronemes. (a) EtAMA1 secretion is FCS- and temperature-dependent. Fresh sporozoites were incubated in PBS or complete medium (CM) at 4 °C or 41 °C for 2 h. Supernatants containing excretory-secretory antigens (ESAs) were harvested and analyzed by western blotting to detect EtAMA1 and EtMIC2. (b) EtAMA1 secretion is inhibited by staurosporine. Sporozoites were incubated in CM with various concentrations of staurosporine or DMSO at 41 °C for 2 h. Supernatants containing ESAs was harvested and analyzed by western blotting to detect EtAMA1 and EtMIC2.

Figure 4 in Further investigation of the characteristics and biological function of Eimeria tenella apical membrane antigen 1

Figure 4. In vitro sporozoite invasion of DF-1 cells transiently transfected with EtAMA1. (a) Verification of pcDNA3.1-(+)-EtAMA1 expression in DF-1 cells by IFA. (b) The proliferation of DF-1 cells transfected with pcDNA3.1-(+)-EtAMA1 or pcDNA3.1-(+). (c) Sporozoite invasion rate in DF-1 cells transfected with pcDNA3.1-(+)-EtAMA1 or pcDNA3.1-(+). *p <0.05 and **p <0.01, as determined by the Student's t-test versus the untreated group.

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Fig. 1 in First description of the breeding biology and behaviour of the near threatened northern sooty woodpecker Mulleripicus funebris (Valenciennes 1826) (Piciformes: Picidae) in Luzon Island, Philippines

Fig. 1 - Cavity nest excavated by the northern sooty woodpecker: a) nest entrance; b) nest contents. / Nido scavato dal picchio fuligginoso: a) ingresso del nido; b) contenuto del nido. (Photo: / Foto: Erwin S. Quijano, 29 May 2022).

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Fig. 2 in First description of the breeding biology and behaviour of the near threatened northern sooty woodpecker Mulleripicus funebris (Valenciennes 1826) (Piciformes: Picidae) in Luzon Island, Philippines

Fig. 2 - Contribution of male and female northern sooty woodpecker to different breeding activities in one full daylight observation period (06:00-18:00). Nest building and brooding efforts were expressed as proportions of time spent (%) from total observation hours whereas feeding and faecal sac removal as proportions of counts (%) from total number of incidences. / Contributo del maschio e della femmina di picchio fuligginoso alle diverse attività riproduttive durante un intero periodo di osservazione diurna (06:00-18:00). Lo sforzo per la costruzione del nido e la cova è stato espresso come proporzione del tempo trascorso (%) rispetto al totale delle ore di osservazione, mentre l'alimentazione e la rimozione delle sacche fecali come proporzione dei conteggi (%) rispetto al numero totale di incidenze.

Figure 6 in Recruitment biology of cleavers (GOlium spp.) populations in western Canada

Figure 6. Emergence percentage of Canadian Galium spp. populations in fall of (A) 2013 and (B) 2014. Error bars represent SE, and similar letters indicate values do not differ statistically at P = 0.05. SPG, Saskatchewan Pulse Growers.

Figure 4 in Recruitment biology of cleavers (GOlium spp.) populations in western Canada

Figure 4. Cumulative emergence percentage of Canadian Galium spp. populations in spring of (A) 2013 and (B) 2014. Error bars represent SE, and similar letters indicate values do not differ statistically at P = 0.05. SPG, Saskatchewan Pulse Growers.

Figure 5 in Recruitment biology of cleavers (GOlium spp.) populations in western Canada

Figure 5. Emergence timing of Galium spp. populations (observed and predicted values, respectively) at Goodale in the fall of (A) 2013 and (B) 2014. Growing degree days (GDD) were determined with a base temperature of 2 C. Arrows indicate significant rainfall events (16.2 mm at 600 GDD in 2013 and 4.8 mm and 7.8 mm at 150 and 360 GDD in 2014).SPG, Saskatchewan Pulse Growers.

Figure 3 in Recruitment biology of cleavers (GOlium spp.) populations in western Canada

Figure 3. Emergence timing of Galium spp. at Goodale in the spring of 2013 (left) and 2014 (right). Growing degree days (GDD) were determined with a base temperature of 2 C. Arrows indicate significant rainfall events (8.4 and 47 mm in 2013 at 200 and 350 GDD, and 51 and 63 mm in 2014 at 200 and 400 GDD, respectively). SPG, Saskatchewan Pulse Growers.

Figure 2 in Recruitment biology of cleavers (GOlium spp.) populations in western Canada

Figure 2. The effect of temperature on percent germination of Galium spp. populations from different locations on the Canadian Prairies.Data points represent the means of two trial runs conducted using the thermogradient plate. SPG, Saskatchewan Pulse Growers.

Figure 1 in Recruitment biology of cleavers (GOlium spp.) populations in western Canada

Figure 1. Google map showing Saskatchewan and Alberta locations where Galium spp. populations were collected.

Fig. 19 in Revision of the Eurybrachidae XVIII. The Australian genus Olonia Stål, 1862: Four new species, new records and biological data (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha)

Fig. 19. Olonia lindae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (QM), terminalia. A–F. Pygofer, anal tube and gonostyli. A. Left lateral view.B. Ventral view.C. Dorsolateral view.D. Caudal view.E. Dorsal view.F. Laterodorsal view. G–J. Aedeagus and connective. G. Laterodorsal view. H. Lateral view. I. Dorsal view. J. Ventral view. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.

Fig. 15 in Revision of the Eurybrachidae XVIII. The Australian genus Olonia Stål, 1862: Four new species, new records and biological data (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha)

Fig. 15. Olonia jackiei sp. nov., paratype, ♂ (RBINS), terminalia. A–F. Pygofer, anal tube and gonostyli. A. Left lateral view. B. Ventral view. C. Dorsolateral view. D. Caudal view. E. Dorsal view. F. Laterodorsal view. G–J. Aedeagus and connective. G. Laterodorsal view. H. Lateral view. I. Dorsal view. J. Ventral view. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.