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opencc-zeroJul 2023View details →

Male dispersal drives gene flow in Timber Rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus)

Threatened across much of their range, timber rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) exhibit patterns in movement and genetic diversity that are shaped by many aspects of their environments in ways that may foster or constrain conservation. We combine movement data with nuclear and mitochondrial population genetic data to understand the population structure of snakes in four overwintering sites (hibernacula) in central Pennsylvania. Our analyses support the conclusion that hibernacula separated by only a few kilometers can represent genetically distinct populations. In addition, as the first dataset to compare nuclear and mitochondrial patterns in C. horridus, we provide novel evidence for how likely asymmetry in gene flow (with males responsible for inter-hibernaculum matings) shapes timber rattlesnake population genetics.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2023View details →

Data from: "Multiscale variability in nutrients and secondary metabolites in a bat-dispersed neotropical fruit"

Original data and R code accompanying our paper in Ecology & Evolution by Gelambi M. & Whitehead, S. R. (2023).  Ripe fleshy fruits contain not only nutrients but also a diverse array of many secondary metabolites. Nutrients serve as a reward for mutualists, whereas defensive metabolites protect the fruit against pests and predators. The composition of these chemical traits is highly variable, both across different plants and even within repeating structures on the same individual plant. This intraspecific and intraindividual variation has important fitness consequences for both plants and animals, yet patterns of variation and covariation in nutrients and secondary metabolites are not well understood, especially at smaller scales. Here, we investigate the multiscale variation and covariation between nutrients and defensive metabolites in Piper sancti-felicis ripe fruits. Means and variances of sugars, proteins, phenolics, and alkenylphenols vary greatly among plants, and at least 50% of the trait variation occurs at the intraindividual level. Also, we found that proteins, but not sugars, were correlated with phenolics and alkenylphenols at multiple scales, suggesting trait variation in protein content may be more constrained than sugars. Our findings emphasize the importance of examining patterns across scales and provide the groundwork to better understand how complex patterns of variation and covariation in nutrients and defensive metabolites shape ecological interactions surrounding fruits.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2023View details →

Data set for "Electrical detection of the flat band dispersion in van der Waals field-effect structures"

Data set for "Electrical detection of the flat band dispersion in van der Waals field-effect structures" paper published in doi:10.1038/s41565-023-01489-x

opencc-zeroAug 2023View details →

Erosional exhumation of carbonate rock facilitates dispersal-mediated allopatric speciation in freshwater fishes

A fundamental goal of evolutionary biology is to understand the mechanisms that generate and maintain biodiversity. Discovery and delimitation of species represent essential prerequisites for such investigations. We investigate a freshwater fish species complex comprising Etheostoma bellator and the endangered E. chermocki which is endemic to the Black Warrior River system in Alabama, USA, a global hotspot of temperate freshwater biodiversity. Phylogenomic analyses delimit five geographically disjunct species masquerading as E. bellator. Three of these new species exhibit microendemic distributions comparable to that of E. chermocki raising the possibility that they also require protection. The species of the complex are found in streams flowing over carbonate rock and they are separated by waterways flowing over siliciclastic rock, a geographic pattern dictated by the underlying stratigraphy and structural geology. Over time, rivers have eroded downward through layers of siliciclastic rocks in the basin, gradually exposing underlying carbonate rock, the substrate of suitable habitat today. Our results suggest that episodic dispersal to patches of suitable habitat set the stage for allopatric speciation in the species complex. Our study suggests that the presence of heterogeneous rock can facilitate dispersal-mediated allopatric speciation in freshwater organisms in the absence of external tectonic or climatic perturbations.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2023View details →

Datasets for "Time-evolving effective dispersion (TED) model for1 transport in porous media"

Temporal evolution of \(D^{\mathrm{eff}}_{\mathrm L}(t)\) simulated by particle tracking. Ensemble of 100 realisations. var: \(\sigma^2_f\).

Data from: Non-native mammals are weak candidates to substitute ecological function of native avian seed-dispersers in an island ecosystem

Although prominent examples exist of non-native species causing substantial ecological harm, many have neutral or positive effects, including filling surrogate roles once performed by extinct native organisms. We tested the ecological roles of two non-native mammals as seed dispersers or seed predators in Guåhan, which, due to invasive brown treesnakes (Boiga irregularis), is devoid of native seed dispersers – birds and bats. We conducted feeding trials with captive rats (Rattus spp.), which are present but uncommon due to predation by snakes, and pigs (Sus scrofa), which are abundant. We examined if and how they interacted with common forest fruits. We then compared how any gut-passed or handled seeds germinated compared to seeds left in whole fruit or depulped seeds. Rats and pigs interacted with most of the fruits and seeds (>80%) that they were fed. Of those, most seeds were destroyed – 78% for rats and 90% for pigs, across both native and non-native plant species. Compared to seeds germinating within whole fruits, rats improved germination of the seeds that they handled without ingesting, while pigs diminished the germination of seeds that they handled. The small percentage of seeds (approximately 1.5% for rats and 5% for pigs) that survived gut passage germinated in higher proportions than those in whole fruits. Percentages of seed survival to germination are lower than those found in similar studies with native avian frugivores. Our results indicate that pigs and rats have mixed effects on seeds, but are not suitable surrogates for native seed dispersers.

Larval and adult traits coevolve in response to asymmetric coastal currents to shape marine dispersal kernels

Dispersal emerges as an outcome of organismal traits and external forcings. However, it remains unclear how the emergent dispersal kernel evolves as a by-product of selection on the underlying traits. This question is particularly compelling in coastal marine systems where dispersal is tied to development and reproduction, and where directional currents bias larval dispersal downstream causing selection for retention. We modelled the dynamics of a metapopulation along a finite coastline using an integral projection model and adaptive dynamics to understand how asymmetric coastal currents influence the evolution of larval (pelagic larval duration) and adult (spawning frequency) life history traits, which indirectly shape the evolution of marine dispersal kernels. Selection induced by alongshore currents favors the release of larvae over multiple time periods, allowing long pelagic larval durations and long-distance dispersal to be maintained in marine life cycles in situations where they were previously predicted to be selected against. Two evolutionary stable strategies emerged: one with a long pelagic larval duration and many spawning events resulting in a dispersal kernel with a larger mean and variance, and another with a short pelagic larval duration and few spawning events resulting in a dispersal kernel with a smaller mean and variance. Our theory shows how coastal ocean flows are important agents of selection that can generate multiple, often co-occurring, evolutionary outcomes for marine life history traits that affect dispersal.

Gulls contribute to olive seed dispersal within and among islands in a Mediterranean coastal area

Aim: To analyse the role of non-frugivorous birds on seed dispersal, seed dispersal by gulls is expected to be especially instrumental in island ecosystems, as these have a smaller subset of frugivores when compared to the mainland, and because long-distance dispersal is required for plant colonization. Here we investigated the seed dispersal of olives by gulls among ten islands of the same archipelago to reveal if gulls contribute to long-distance seed dispersal including different islands, and how gulls' adaptation to domestic olives and individual differences in foraging activities affect their seed dispersal pattern. Location: Balearic Islands in the Western Mediterranean Sea, Spain Taxon: Yellow-legged gulls ( Larus michahellis), Domestic and wild Olives ( Olea europaea and O. europaea var. sylvestris) Methods: We developed seed dispersal models of the two ecotypes of olives dispersed by gulls across an archipelago, based on GPS tracking data, gut passage time, and seed viability. Results: Mean dispersal distances were 7.67 (±12.48) km in wild and 12.57 (±13.08) km in domestic olives. Seven-point one percent of wild and 8.5% of domestic olives were dispersed among islands. Among these, 8.2% of domestic seeds were transported from large to small islands where gull colonies are located, whereas wild olives were dispersed in more variable directions. Such dispersal pattern of two olive ecotypes were consistent despite the differences in dispersal distances among individuals. Main conclusions: Gulls contributed to long-distance olive seed dispersal including different islands. The seed dispersal of domestic olives to longer distances with specific directions may facilitate colonization and expansion of that variant if the conditions of seed deposition sites are suitable. Our findings indicate that gulls are relevant vectors for long-distance dispersal of large fleshy fruits in island ecosystems where specialist large frugivores are absent.

Data from: Evolutionarily labile dispersal behavior and discontinuous habitats enhance population differentiation in island vs continentally distributed swallows

The causes of population divergence in vagile groups remain a paradox in evolutionary biology: dispersive species should be able to colonize new areas, a prerequisite for allopatric speciation, but dispersal also facilitates gene flow, which erodes population differentiation. Strong dispersal ability has been suggested to enhance divergence in patchy habitats and inhibit divergence in continuous landscapes, but empirical support for this hypothesis is lacking. Here we compared patterns of population divergence in a dispersive clade of swallows distributed across both patchy and continuous habitats. The Pacific Swallow (Hirundo tahitica) has an insular distribution throughout Southeast Asia and the Pacific, while its sister species, the Welcome Swallow (H. neoxena), has a continental distribution in Australia. We used whole-genome data to demonstrate strong genetic structure and limited introgression among insular populations, but not among continental populations. Demographic models show that historic changes in habitat connectivity have contributed to population structure within the clade. Swallows appear to exhibit evolutionarily labile dispersal behavior in which they reduce dispersal propensity after island colonization despite retaining strong flight ability. Our data support the hypothesis that fragmented habitats enhance population differentiation in vagile groups, and suggest that labile dispersal behavior is a key mechanism underlying this pattern.

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

Dispersal limitation predicts the spatial and temporal filtering of tropical bird communities in isolated forest fragments

The link between dispersal traits and patterns of community assembly remains a frontier in understanding how vertebrate communities persist in fragmented landscapes. Using experimental release trials and intensive field surveys of bird communities in fragmented forests of the Peruvian and Colombian Andes, we demonstrate that morphological traits related to movement (1) predict experimental flight performance and (2) exhibit dispersal-mediated environmental filtering at the community scale. After correcting for body size, four traits hypothesized to influence flight ability (wing length, wing pointedness, wing loading, and eye size) predicted distance flown across a hostile experimental landscape, with successful species having significantly longer pointed wings, carrying less mass per unit wing area (i.e., lower wing loading), and having smaller eyes. Species with larger eyes also displayed increased flight latency, potentially due to disability glare. At the community scale we detected a gradient of dispersal-mediated environmental filtering in fragments compared to reference forest within the same landscape, with relative differences in trait values explained by the temporal and spatial extent of patch isolation. In the Colombian landscape where fragments had been isolated for > 60 years, communities were filtered for species with long and narrow wings and small eyes, especially within the most spatially isolated fragments. We observed the opposite pattern in the more recently fragmented Peruvian landscape (15-30 years): communities within fragments tended to have shorter and more rounded wings compared to those in nearby contiguous forests, suggesting that dispersal-limited species accumulate in the initial years following patch isolation due to "restricted dispersal" and represent an extinction debt yet to be paid. Our results (1) experimentally validate the use of morphological traits as proxies for movement ability in fragmented landscapes, (2) demonstrate that visual acuity functions as a novel dimension of dispersal limitation, and (3) quantify how the spatial and temporal components of patch isolation produce a gradient in dispersal-mediated environmental filtering and extinction debt for communities inhabiting fragments.

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

Data from: Passerine sister clade comparisons reveal variable macroevolutionary outcomes of interhemispheric dispersal

Dispersal events offer a unique window into macroevolutionary processes. While several hypotheses predict alternative outcomes from such events, many empirical studies have been limited in geographic and phylogenetic scale. Here, we tested some of these hypotheses by comparing an assemblage of 16 oscine passerine clades, representing independent dispersal events into the Western Hemisphere, to their sister clades in the Eastern Hemisphere. We also compared the diversity of this assemblage of clades to an older, incumbent passerine clade in the Western Hemisphere, the suboscines. We tested for ecological opportunity and incumbency-mediated constraints versus neutrality by integrating estimates of clade-specific morphological disparities with models of multivariate regimes of trait evolution. While there was no consistent outcome of oscine dispersal and macroevolution in the Western Hemisphere relative to their Eastern Hemisphere sister groups, most clades supported a role for ecological opportunity or incumbency effects, and such effects were better explained by differences in species accumulation than by differences in rates of trait evolution or colonization timing. However, we found that this general pattern was not evident when comparing the entire oscine assemblage of the Western Hemisphere to the incumbent suboscine clade. Oscines and suboscines occupy comparable regions of functional trait diversity and, despite oscines possessing higher rates of trait evolution, these observations were consistent with simulated null expectations. This result suggests that oscine and suboscine assemblages most likely evolved in relative isolation until 5-10 million years ago, with oscines primarily in North America and suboscines in South America, which limited incumbency effects of the autochthonous suboscine radiation on subsequent oscine diversification.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

Dataset: Limited seed dispersal, allelopathy and unfavorable microclimatic conditions prevent the recovery of oak forests within Eucalyptus plantations

This repository contains the files associated with the following article: Ernesto I. Badano, Pablo Siller-Clavel. Limited seed dispersal, allelopathy and unfavorable microclimatic conditions prevent the recovery of oak forests within Eucalyptus plantations. Published in European Journal of Forest Research. The repository provides an interactive map, optimized for Google Earth, that shows the administrative area of the Park Lázaro Cárdenas del Rio located in the state of Puebla, Mexico (yellow polygon) and the areas covered by plantations of Eucalyptus camaldulensis (red polygons) by the years in which the study was conducted (2009-2011). The areas that are not highlighted within the park correspond to oak forest remnants and some deforested areas. The interactive map also provides the geographic coordinates of the 100 square plots of 1x1 m used to sample the oak seed banks within forest remnants and plantations in 2009 and 2010, as well as the geographic coordinates of the 200 experimental plots located in each of these habitat types. To display this information, click on the corresponding the boxes located in the lateral bar of Google Earth. The data that support the result of the study are provided in Microsoft Excel files. The first of these files (Dataset 01 - Acorn density.xlsx) has a single sheet indicating the number of acorns recorded on 100 square plots of 1x1 m randomly distributed in the understories of forest remnants and plantations. The second file (Dataset 02 - Acorn germination trials.xlsx) has two sheets with the data used to estimate acorn germination rates of Quercus castanea and Quercus laeta in the in vitro and greenhouse germination trials. The third file (Dataset 03 - Field experiment.xlsx) has two sheets, where the first one contains the data used to estimate acorn germination rates and seedling survival of Quercus castanea and Quercus laeta on soil of Eucalyptus plantations and oak forests in these two habitats, and the second one contains the microclimatic data (photosynthetic photon flux density, air temperature, rainfall and volumetric soil water content) measured in plantations and forests.

restrictedIPD-UNDECIDEDFeb 2026View details →

Rifaximin Soluble Solid Dispersion (SSD) Tablets Plus Lactulose for the Treatment of Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy (OHE)

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03515044. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.

closedIPD-NOFeb 2026View details →

NATO Litter: Fluid Immersion System (FIS) Versus Traditional Mattress for Pressure Dispersion

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03483623. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 6.

closedIPD-NOFeb 2026View details →

Dispersion of Local Anesthetic on the Erector Spinae Plane Block in Cadavers

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03545854. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 18.

restrictedIPD-UNDECIDEDFeb 2026View details →

Safety and Suitability of ICL for Correction of Refractive Errors Without the Use of Dispersive OVDs

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06371079. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.

restrictedIPD-UNDECIDEDFeb 2026View details →

Single-dose Study in Two Panels of Healthy Adult Participants to Assess Immediate-Release and Dispersible Formulations of Pretomanid

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04309656. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.

closedIPD-NOFeb 2026View details →

Determination Of Dispersion In Ultrasound Guided Quadratus Lumborum Block In Cadavers

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03545295. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 16.

controlledIPD-YESFeb 2026View details →

To Assess the Relative Bioavailability (BA) of TRIUMEQ® and Dolutegravir and Lamivudine (DTG/3TC) Pediatric Dispersible Tablet Formulations in Healthy Volunteers

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03441984. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.