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FIGURE 6 in Phylogenetic Relationships Of A New Genus Of Calliopsine Bees From Peru, With A Review Of Spinoliella Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae)

FIGURE 6. Female holotype of Spinoliella confusa Gonzalez and Engel, new species. A. Facial view. B. Detail of mesoscutum, mesoscutellum, and metanotum in dorsal view. C. Metabasitibial plate. D. Dorsal habitus. E. Lateral habitus. F. Pygidial plate.

FIGURE 7 in Phylogenetic Relationships Of A New Genus Of Calliopsine Bees From Peru, With A Review Of Spinoliella Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae)

FIGURE 7. Male paratype of Spinoliella confusa Gonzalez and Engel, new species from Elqui Province, Pangue, Chile (PCYU). A. Facial view. B. Lateral habitus. C. Dorsal habitus. D. Detail of mesoscutum, mesoscutellum, and metanotum in dorsal view. E. Metabasitibial plate. F. Metasomal S7. G. Metasomal S8. H. Genital capsule in dorsal (left half) and ventral (right half) views. I. Lateral aspect of genital capsule.

FIGURE 5 in Phylogenetic Relationships Of A New Genus Of Calliopsine Bees From Peru, With A Review Of Spinoliella Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae)

FIGURE 5. Male paratype of Spinoliella aidae Gonzalez, Smith-Pardo, and Engel, new species. A. Facial view. B. Lateral habitus. C. Dorsal habitus. D. Metabasitibial plate. E. Metasomal S7. F. Metasomal S8. G. Genital capsule in dorsal (left half) and ventral (right half) views. H. Lateral aspect of genital capsule.

FIGURE 1 in Phylogenetic Relationships Of A New Genus Of Calliopsine Bees From Peru, With A Review Of Spinoliella Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae)

FIGURE 1. Cladistic placement of Xeranthrena Gonzalez and Engel, new genus, among other Calliopsini (Panurginae), particularly within the "Spinoliella group"; strict consensus of three equally parsimonious topologies obtained after excluding three species of Spinoliella with missing data (refer to text). Black circles indicate unique character changes; white circles indicate homoplastic changes; character numbers are placed above each change, character state below. Branch support indicated in circles, with bootstrap values above bar and Bremer values below. Branches without support values indicate bootstrap values below 50% and Bremer values of 1.

FIGURE 3 in Phylogenetic Relationships Of A New Genus Of Calliopsine Bees From Peru, With A Review Of Spinoliella Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae)

FIGURE 3. Male paratype of Xeranthrena imponticula Gonzalez and Engel, new species. A. Facial view. B. Lateral habitus. C. Dorsal habitus. D. Metasoma in dorsal view. E. Metabasitibial plate. F. Metasomal S7. G. Metasomal S8. H. Genital capsule in dorsal (left half) and ventral (right half) views. I. Lateral aspect of genital capsule.

Figure 9 in Phylogenetic relationships of thorny catfishes (Siluriformes: Doradidae) inferred from molecular and morphological data

Figure 9. Unrooted maximum parsimony trees of Doradidae inferred from molecular and morphological data. (A) Molecular tree based on 3833 bp of 12S, 16S and EF1a exons + introns sequence data; the black star indicates the hypothetical attachment point of the root (see Fig. 7). (B) Morphological tree based on 95 morphological characters (Higuchi, 1992); the black star indicates the hypothetical attachment point of the root (see Fig. 1). Numbers at nodes are bootstrap percentages based on 1000 pseudoreplicates. Support values <50% are not shown.

Figure 8 in Phylogenetic relationships of thorny catfishes (Siluriformes: Doradidae) inferred from molecular and morphological data

Figure 8. Maximum likelihood tree of Doradidae inferred from analysis of combined 12S, 16S and EF1a (exons + introns) sequence data. Numbers at nodes represent percentage Bayesian posterior probabilities, ML bootstrap (500 pseudoreplicates) and MP bootstrap (1000 pseudoreplicates). This is an unrooted tree; the black star indicates the hypothetical attachment point of the root (see Fig. 7).

Figure 2. Proposed 12S in Phylogenetic relationships of thorny catfishes (Siluriformes: Doradidae) inferred from molecular and morphological data

Figure 2. Proposed 12S rRNA secondary structure model for Doradidae. Single bases enclosed in squares indicate positions thought to be involved in the decoding mechanism.

Figure 1 in Phylogenetic relationships of thorny catfishes (Siluriformes: Doradidae) inferred from molecular and morphological data

Figure 1. Higuchi's (1992) phylogeny of Doradidae based on osteological characters. Subfamilies are labelled on the right. Unpublished genus–group names are indicated by A, B and C.

Figure 7 in An overview of labeonin relationships and the phylogenetic placement of the Afro-Asian genus Garra Hamilton, 1922 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), with the description of five new species of Garra from Ethiopia, and a key to all African species

Figure 7. Head (ventral view) of (A) Epalzeorhynchus kalopterus, (B) Mekongina erythrospila, (C) Crossocheilus siamensis, and (D) Ptychidio jordani.

Figure 16 in An overview of labeonin relationships and the phylogenetic placement of the Afro-Asian genus Garra Hamilton, 1922 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), with the description of five new species of Garra from Ethiopia, and a key to all African species

Figure 16. (A) and (B) Garra quadrimaculata (type of Garra tibanica modified after Trewavas, 1941). (C) and (D) Garra aethiopicus, AMNH 223649, 84.8 mm standard length.

Figure 17 in An overview of labeonin relationships and the phylogenetic placement of the Afro-Asian genus Garra Hamilton, 1922 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), with the description of five new species of Garra from Ethiopia, and a key to all African species

Figure 17. (A) and (B) Garra dembeensis, neotype, AMNH 2233731, 73.8 mm standard length. (C) and (D) Garra blanfordii, AMNH 223686, 65.8 mm standard length.

Figure 4 in An overview of labeonin relationships and the phylogenetic placement of the Afro-Asian genus Garra Hamilton, 1922 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), with the description of five new species of Garra from Ethiopia, and a key to all African species

Figure 4. Posterior neurocranium region of dilatator fossa of (A) Garra dembeensis and (B) Osteochilus salsburyi.

Figure 9 in An overview of labeonin relationships and the phylogenetic placement of the Afro-Asian genus Garra Hamilton, 1922 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), with the description of five new species of Garra from Ethiopia, and a key to all African species

Figure 9. Character distributions among labeonins and related taxa. Character numbers correspond with those used in the text. Black bars indicate putatively derived character states, white bars indicate putatively generalized states, and black/white bars indicate some level of polymorphism within the group denoted.

Figure 6 in An overview of labeonin relationships and the phylogenetic placement of the Afro-Asian genus Garra Hamilton, 1922 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), with the description of five new species of Garra from Ethiopia, and a key to all African species

Figure 6. Head (ventral view) of (A) Labeobarbus caudovittatus, (B) Labeo nasus, and (C) Garra dembeensis, and in cross-sectional schematic view (D) Labeobarbus, (E) Labeo, and (F) Garra.

Figure 2 in An overview of labeonin relationships and the phylogenetic placement of the Afro-Asian genus Garra Hamilton, 1922 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), with the description of five new species of Garra from Ethiopia, and a key to all African species

Figure 2. Ventral surface of mouth roof (lower jaw and branchial apparatus removed) in (A) Henicorhynchus siamensis, and (B) Garra aethiopica.

Figure 1 in An overview of labeonin relationships and the phylogenetic placement of the Afro-Asian genus Garra Hamilton, 1922 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), with the description of five new species of Garra from Ethiopia, and a key to all African species

Figure 1. Range of variation in disc type among African Garra: (A) type-A disc, weakly developed; (B) type-B disc, intermediate development; (C) type-C disc, well-developed.

Figure 3 in An overview of labeonin relationships and the phylogenetic placement of the Afro-Asian genus Garra Hamilton, 1922 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), with the description of five new species of Garra from Ethiopia, and a key to all African species

Figure 3. Weberian apparatus and posterior neurocranium: lateral view of (A) Garra dembeensis, (B) Paracrossocheilus acerus, (C) Labeo cylindricus, (D) Osteochilus salsburyi, (E) Prolabeops melanhypopterus, and (F) Leuciscus leuciscus. The cross section of the basioccipital process is shaded grey; arrows indicate point of contact between neural complex and neurocranium.

Figure 8 in An overview of labeonin relationships and the phylogenetic placement of the Afro-Asian genus Garra Hamilton, 1922 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), with the description of five new species of Garra from Ethiopia, and a key to all African species

Figure 8. Head (ventral view) of (A) Discocheilus wui, (B) Discogobio yunnanensis, (C) Placocheilus robustus (after Zhang et al., 2002), (D) Pseudogyrinocheilus prochilus, (E) Semilabeo obscurus, and (F) Rectoris luxiensis (after Zhang et al., 2000).

Figure 19 in An overview of labeonin relationships and the phylogenetic placement of the Afro-Asian genus Garra Hamilton, 1922 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), with the description of five new species of Garra from Ethiopia, and a key to all African species

Figure 19. Main river basins of Ethiopia with numbers of Garra species for each basin indicated in the inset bar graph.