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Figs 3A–H in Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of the Soil Ciliate Anteholosticha rectangula sp. nov. from King George Island, Maritime Antarctica

Figs 3A–H. Photomicrographs of Anteholosticha rectangula after protargol impregnation. A and B – holotype specimen, ventral (A) and dorsal (B) view, arrow denotes pretransverse cirrus; C – dorsal view showing dorsal kineties, arrows denote two dikinetids anterior of right marginal cirral row; D and E – ventral views of anterior body showing buccal, frontal, frontoterminal, and midventral cirri; F–H – ventral views showing variation of the nuclear apparatus. DK1–3 – dorsal kineties 1–3, FC – frontal cirri, FTC – frontoterminal cirri, Ma – macronuclear nodules, Mi – micronuclei. Scale bars: 50 μm.

Figs 2A–J in Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of the Soil Ciliate Anteholosticha rectangula sp. nov. from King George Island, Maritime Antarctica

Figs 2A–J. Photomicrographs of Anteholosticha rectangula in vivo. A–C – representative individuals showing contractile vacuole (arrows) and ciliatures; D – nuclear apparatus, E–G – cortical granules in ventral (E) and dorsal (F, G) views; H–J – ventral views showing oral apparatus; arrows in I and J show buccal lip and buccal seal, respectively. CG – cortical granules, DB – dorsal bristles, Ma – macronuclear nodules, Mi – micronuclei, RMC – right marginal cirri, TC – transverse cirri. Scale bars: 100 μm (A, C, D), 5 μm (G), 10 μm (H, I).

Figs 1A–I in Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of the Soil Ciliate Anteholosticha rectangula sp. nov. from King George Island, Maritime Antarctica

Figs 1A–I. Drawings of Anteholosticha rectangula in vivo (A, D–G, I) and after protargol impregnation (B, C, H). A – ventral view of a representative specimen; B and C – ventral and dorsal views of holotype, arrows show two dikinetids; D–G – cortical granules on dorsal (D, G) and ventral sides (E, F); H – nuclear apparatus, showing variation in number and morphology; I – contractile vacuole. CG – cortical granules, CV – contractile vacuole, DB – dorsal bristles, DK1–3 – dorsal kineties 1–3, FTC – frontoterminal cirri, Ma – macronuclear nodules, Mi – micronuclei, TC – transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 μm.

Fig. 3 in Molecular Phylogeny of the Marine Planktonic Dinoflagellate Oxytoxum and Corythodinium (Peridiniales, Dinophyceae)

Fig. 3. Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree of Oxytoxum scolopax and Corythodinium spp. with other dinoflagellates inferred from SSU rDNA sequences based on 1,654 aligned positions. The species newly sequenced in this study are highlighted in bold. The numbers at each node represent bootstrap support (only values above 50% are indicated). The scale bar represents inferred evolutionary distance in substitutions/site.

Fig. 3 in Ultrastructure and Phylogeny of Pleistophora beebei sp. nov. (Microsporidia) Infecting the Amazonian Teleostean Brachyhypopomus beebei (fam. Hypopomidae)

Fig. 3. Maximum Likelihood tree showing the relationship of Pleistophora beebei sp. nov. to other microsporidians based on the rDNA sequences. The numbers on the branches are bootstrap confidence levels on 500 replicates for ML trees. The tree was generated using 34 microsporidian selected sequences, with Potaspora morhaphis as the outgroup species. The bar indicates the equivalence between the distance and the number of changes. GenBank accession numbers are in parenthesis after the species name. There were a total of 966 positions in the final dataset.

Figs 15–17 in Microsporidia in a Woodland Pool I. Lanatospora costata sp. n. (Opisthosporidia, Microsporidia), Parasite of Megacyclops viridis (Crustacea, Copepoda): Fine Structure and Molecular Phylogeny

Figs 15–17. Lanatospora costata, parasite of Megacyclops viridis, structure of spores as seen in SEM and TEM. 15 – Spore surface ornamentation as seen by SEM. Note that the exospore ribs form a complex armour on the spore surface. Scale bar: 1 µm. 16 – Detail of the polaroplast lamellae (pl) in the apical part of the spore, pf – polar filament. Scale bar: 200 nm. 17 – Details of the polar filament coils (pf) in cross section. Scale bar: 500 nm.

Figure S1 in Molecular Phylogeny of the Marine Planktonic Dinoflagellate Oxytoxum and Corythodinium (Peridiniales, Dinophyceae)

Figure S1. Light micrographs of isolated cells of Oxytoxum and Corythodinium for molecular analysis.

Figs 2A–N in Molecular Phylogeny of the Marine Planktonic Dinoflagellate Oxytoxum and Corythodinium (Peridiniales, Dinophyceae)

Figs 2A–N. Light micrographs of Oxytoxum and Corythodinium from Brazil. A – Oxytoxum scolopax, isolated cell FG11. B – O. scolopax and C. tessellatum. C–D – C. tessellatum. C – Isolated cell FG9. E–H – Dividing cells of C. tessellatum. H – Isolated cell FG40. I – C. tessellatum and C. constrictum. J – Diving cells of C. constrictum. K–L – Corythodinium frenguellii. K – Isolated cell FG7. L – Isolated cell FG8. M–N – C. cristatum from the open South Atlantic Ocean, isolated cell FG28. M – The inset focuses on the antapical spine. Scale bars: 20 µm.

Fig. 2 in Ultrastructure and Phylogeny of Pleistophora beebei sp. nov. (Microsporidia) Infecting the Amazonian Teleostean Brachyhypopomus beebei (fam. Hypopomidae)

Fig. 2. Semi-schematic drawings of a macrospore (A) and a microspore (B). (The scale bar corresponds to the two schematic drawings).

Fig. 19 in Microsporidia in a Woodland Pool I. Lanatospora costata sp. n. (Opisthosporidia, Microsporidia), Parasite of Megacyclops viridis (Crustacea, Copepoda): Fine Structure and Molecular Phylogeny

Fig. 19. The woodland pool near Přerov nad Labem, Central Bohemia Region, Czech Republic (50°167′N, 14°810′E), the type habitat of Lanatospora costata sp. n.

Figs 1A–O in Molecular Phylogeny of the Marine Planktonic Dinoflagellate Oxytoxum and Corythodinium (Peridiniales, Dinophyceae)

Figs 1A–O. Light micrographs of Oxytoxum and Corythodinium from the Mediterranean Sea. A–E – O. scolopax from Banyuls sur Mer. B–C, E, J – Epifluorescence microscopy. B, E, J – Note the autofluorescence of the chloroplasts. C – Nucleus stained by DAPI. F – Dividing cells of O. sceptrum. G–H – C. constrictum from Villefranche sur Mer. I–L – C. tessellatum from Banyuls sur Mer. K–L – Empty thecae. M – C. frenguellii from Villefranche sur Mer. N–O – C. cristatum from Villefranche sur Mer. The insets show the antapical spine. n – nucleus. Scale bars: 20 µm.

Fig. 7 in Systematic Studies on the Hypotrich Ciliate, Tachysoma pellionellum (Müller, 1773) Borror, 1972 (Protozoa, Ciliophora) Based on Integrative Analyses: Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny

Fig. 7. Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree based on the small subunit rRNA (SSU rRNA) gene sequences. Numbers at the nodes represent the bootstrap values of ML analyses and posterior probability of BI analyses. Fully supported (100%/1.00) branches are marked with solid circles. Asterisk (*) represents support values less than 50% and the disagreement between BI and the reference ML tree. The scale bar corresponds to two substitutions per 100 nucleotide positions. The newly sequenced species in the present study is shown in bold.

Fig. 4 in Systematic Studies on the Hypotrich Ciliate, Tachysoma pellionellum (Müller, 1773) Borror, 1972 (Protozoa, Ciliophora) Based on Integrative Analyses: Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny

Fig. 4. Divisional morphogenesis in Tachysoma pellionellum (after protargol staining). (A, B) Ventral views of an early divider. Note the basal bodies in the oral primordium forming an elongated field; arrowheads show the postoral ventral cirri which remain intact only for a short time. (C, D) Ventral views of an early divider. Arrowheads show the developing FVT-anlagen. (E, F) Ventral and dorsal view of a divider in early divisional stage. In E, arrow marks the old paroral which is dedifferentiating, double-arrowheads shows the UM-anlage formed to the right of the oral primordium as a long streak of basal bodies and arrowhead indicates the right marginal row anlagen developing intrakinetally; in F, arrows show the intrakinetal formation of the dorsal kineties anlagen 4 in the dividing cell. (G, H) Ventral and dorsal view of a divider in early divisional stage. In G, arrows show the first frontal cirri separating from the undulating membranes anlagen; arrowheads mark the left marginal row anlagen developing intrakinetally; in H, arrows show the intrakinetal formation of the dorsal kineties anlagen 4 in the dividing cell. DKA, dorsal kineties anlagen; II–VI, frontoventral–transverse cirral anlagen; Ma, macronuclear nodules; Mi, micronucleus; OP, oral primordium; RMA, right marginal anlage. Scale bars: 15 µm (A, C) and 35 µm (B, D, E–H).

Fig. 1 in Systematic Studies on the Hypotrich Ciliate, Tachysoma pellionellum (Müller, 1773) Borror, 1972 (Protozoa, Ciliophora) Based on Integrative Analyses: Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny

Fig. 1. Map of North America (the background from Google earth) showing the sampling sites. (A, B) Map showing Stone Mountain State Park, North Carolina, USA. (C, D), where Tachysoma pellionellum was collected.

Fig. 6 in Description of a New Brackish Water Ciliate, Uronychia xinjiangensis n. sp. (Ciliophora, Euplotida) Based on Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny

Fig. 6. Photomicrographs of Uronychia xinjiangensis n. sp. after protargol staining (A–I). (A–C) Opisthe's oral primordium at early dividers. (D) Proter's oral primordium. (E, F) Fontal-ventral-transverse cirral anlagen of early dividers. (G) A later divider showing the completion of development of oral primordium and cirral anlagen, arrows and arrow show newly formed ventral and frontal cirri respectively in the opisthe. (H, I) The same late divider showing the posterior part of adoral zone of membranelles (arrowheads) and the longest dorsal kinety 3 (arrows). AZM1, the anterior part of adoral zone of membranelles; CA, cirral anlagen; CC, caudal cirri; LMC, left marginal cirri; OP, opisthe's oral primordium; POP, proter's oral primordium; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 20 μm.

Fig. 7 in Description of a New Brackish Water Ciliate, Uronychia xinjiangensis n. sp. (Ciliophora, Euplotida) Based on Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny

Fig. 7. Phylogenetic tree inferred by ML and BI of SSU rRNA gene sequences. Numbers near branches denote ML bootstraps value/BI posterior probability value. '*' indicates topology that differ between ML and BI phylogenies. All branches are drawn to scale. The scale bar corresponds to 5 substitutions per 100 nucleotide positions. GenBank accession numbers are given for each species. Classification is mainly according to Lynn (2008).

Fig. 3 in Systematic Studies on the Hypotrich Ciliate, Tachysoma pellionellum (Müller, 1773) Borror, 1972 (Protozoa, Ciliophora) Based on Integrative Analyses: Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny

Fig. 3. Photomicrographs of Tachysoma pellionellum in vivo (A–D) and after protargol staining (E–H). (A–D) Ventral views of typical individuals; arrow in Fig. B marks the contractile vacuole, arrows in Fig. C show the refringent globules and arrowheads demonstrate the dorsal cilia. (E) Ventral view of the infraciliature; showing the frontoventral (in rectangle) and postoral ventral cirri (in circle). (F) Ventral view of anterior portion of infraciliature. (G) Ventral view of posterior portion of infraciliature, showing the pretransverse ventral cirri (dashed line). (H) Dorsal view of the infraciliature, showing the dorsal kineties (arrowheads). AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirrus; CV, contractile vacuole; E, endoral; FC, frontal cirri; FVC, frontoventral cirri; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; P, paroral; PVC, postoral ventral cirri; PTVC, pretransverse ventral cirri; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; Scale bars: 55 µm (A), 35 µm (E) and 15 µm (F, G).

Fig. 2 in Systematic Studies on the Hypotrich Ciliate, Tachysoma pellionellum (Müller, 1773) Borror, 1972 (Protozoa, Ciliophora) Based on Integrative Analyses: Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny

Fig. 2. Morphology of Tachysoma pellionellum from life (A–C) and after protargol staining (D–F). (A) Ventral view of a representative individual. (B, C) Detail of cell, arrows indicate the refringent globules and arrowhead shows the food vacuole. (D) Detailed ventral view of the anterior region, showing the frontoventral (in rectangle) and postoral ventral cirri (in ellipse). (E, F) Ciliature of ventral and dorsal side and nuclear apparatus, the dashed ellipse depicts the postoral ventral cirri; arrowhead indicates the micronucleus. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirrus; CV, contractile vacuole; E, endoral; FC, frontal cirri; FVC, frontoventral cirri; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; P, paroral; PTVC, pretransverse ventral cirri; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; 1–6, dorsal kineties. Scale bars: 40 µm.

Fig. 6 in Systematic Studies on the Hypotrich Ciliate, Tachysoma pellionellum (Müller, 1773) Borror, 1972 (Protozoa, Ciliophora) Based on Integrative Analyses: Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny

Fig. 6. Photomicrographs of Tachysoma pellionellum during divisional morphogenesis (after protargol staining). (A, B) Ventral views of early dividers, note the basal bodies in the oral primordia forming an elongated field; arrows show the postoral ventral cirri which remain intact. (C, D) Ventral views of early dividers. In C, arrow in the proter marks the paroral which is dedifferentiating; arrow in the opisthe shows the anlage of the undulating membranes, and arrowhead indicates the right marginal anlage; in D, arrows show the first frontal cirri separating from the anlagen of the undulating membranes, and arrowheads mark the left marginal anlagen. (E–G) Ventral and dorsal view of a middle-stage divider. In E, arrowhead shows the first frontal cirrus and arrows mark the right marginal anlagen; in G, double-arrowheads show the first frontal cirrius, arrowheads mark the left marginal anlagen, and arrows show the intrakinetal formation of the dorsal kineties anlagen 1. (H, I) Ventral and dorsal view of a late divider; arrows show the dorsal kineties 6. II–VI, FVT-anlagen; Ma, macronuclear nodules; OP, oral primordium; 2–5, dorsal kineties. Scale bars: 20 µm (B, D, F) and 45µm (I).

Fig. 5 in Systematic Studies on the Hypotrich Ciliate, Tachysoma pellionellum (Müller, 1773) Borror, 1972 (Protozoa, Ciliophora) Based on Integrative Analyses: Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny

Fig. 5. Middle and late dividers of Tachysoma pellionellum, after protargol staining. (A, B) Ventral and dorsal view of a middle-stage divider. In A, arrowheads show the first frontal cirri and arrows mark the left marginal anlagen; in B, arrows mark the intrakinetal formation of the dorsal kineties anlagen 4. (C, D) Ventral and dorsal view of a mid-divider. In C, arrowheads show the first frontal cirri, arrows mark the left marginal anlagen and double-arrowheads show the anlagen of dorsal kineties; in D, arrows mark the intrakinetal formation of the dorsal kinety anlagen 4. (E, F) Ventral and dorsal view of a late divider; double-arrowheads show the dorsomarginal kineties (dorsal kineties 6) and arrowheads show the left marginal row. (G, H) Ventral and dorsal view of a late-stage divider; arrowheads show the dorsomarginal kineties (dorsal kineties 6). DKA, dorsal kineties anlagen; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; RMA, right marginal anlage; RMR, right marginal row; 1–6, dorsal kineties. Scale bars: 45 µm.