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Fig. 4 in A cyst-forming coccidian with large geographical range infecting forest and commensal rodents: Sarcocystis muricoelognathis sp. nov.

Fig. 4 Two separate phylogenies of the 28S rRNA gene (longer and shorter sequence fragments) of the new Sarcocystis sp. sampled in China, newly sequenced S. zuoi from China and novel Sarcocystis isolates from Borneo. Symbols indicate the new sequences of this study, whereby taxa considered conspecific are grouped by shape. GenBank accession numbers are given behind each taxon name. a Maximum likelihood (ML) analysis of an alignment of 29 sequences and 1383 homologous positions. Branch support by bootstrapping (1000 replicate trees) is shown next to the branches, whereby the results of three independent analyses based on independent alignments are shown. The scale bar indicates the number of substitutions per site. All positions with <85% site coverage were eliminated, i.e. fewer than 15% alignment gaps, missing data and ambiguous bases were allowed at any position (partial deletion option). Selected eimeriid coccidia served as outgroup. b ML analysis of a trimmed alignment including five shorter sequences of Sarcocystis sampled in Borneo compared with the samples of Sarcocystis sp. from China; a total of 16 sequences and 366 homologous positions with site coverage of 95% were compared. Sarcocystis pantherophisi served as outgroup. The corresponding natural intermediate hosts are also indicated

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Fig. 2 in A cyst-forming coccidian with large geographical range infecting forest and commensal rodents: Sarcocystis muricoelognathis sp. nov.

Fig. 2 Light microscopic and ultrastructural morphology of sarcocysts from Maxomys whiteheadi in Borneo (a–c) and wild Rattus norvegicus in China (d, e). Note, due to ethanol fixation some ultrastructural details of the samples from Borneo are poorly resolved. a Richardsen's dye-stained 1.0-µm thin section through a mature sarcocyst showing the villar protrusions (PT) of the cyst wall and numerous relatively small cystozoites (CZ). b Same sample as before under the electron microscope; note the thin layer of ground substance underneath the protrusions. c Enlarged part of the interior of the sarcocyst showing cystozoites—although with limited resolution—that possess a pair of rhoptries each, which is characteristic for this Sarcocystis species (black and white arrows; compare with Fig. 1d). d Live sarcocyst isolated from striated muscle tissue of a wild Norway rat in China; the inset shows live cystozoites that were freshly released from a cyst. e Ultrastructure of the same sarcocyst as before; note that the villar protrusions are highly similar to the samples from Borneo and Thailand regarding size and shape (Fig. 1e); again, cystozoites only exhibit one pair of rhoptries (arrows) and relatively few micronemes

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Fig. 3 in A cyst-forming coccidian with large geographical range infecting forest and commensal rodents: Sarcocystis muricoelognathis sp. nov.

Fig. 3 Graph showing the size of sporocysts (length plotted against diameter, in μm; error bars indicate s.e.) of the Sarcocystis isolates from the colubrid snakes Coelognathus flavolineatus and C. radiatus in Thailand and closely related Sarcocystis. Every isolate/ species is indicated by a different symbol (legend), whereby sporocyst samples with the same shape index (= length/diameter) share the same background shading: white = 1.3; dark = 1.5; Sarcocystis pantherophisi = 1.2. Here, S. pantherophisi is included as reference for the snake host Sarcocystis lineage S2, while all other species belong to lineage S1 (except for S. murinotechis, for which no genetic information is available)

Fig. 6 in Description, molecular identification and pathological lesions of Huffmanela persica sp. nov. (Nematoda: Trichosomoididae: Huffmanelinae) from the daggertooth pike conger Muraenesox cinereus

Fig. 6 Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogram reconstructed using the 18S rDNA dataset of the new species Huffmanela persica sp. nov. and other related species within the families Trichosomoididae,Trichinellidae, Trichuridae and Capillariidae. ML analysis was performed using the substitution model K2 + G with 1000 bootstrap replications

Fig. 5 in Description, molecular identification and pathological lesions of Huffmanela persica sp. nov. (Nematoda: Trichosomoididae: Huffmanelinae) from the daggertooth pike conger Muraenesox cinereus

Fig. 5 Photomicrographs from histological sections of infected tissues of a daggertooth pike conger eel. A, B Histological sections of the stomach infected by eggs of Huffmanela persica sp. nov. at various stages of development as well as degenerated encysted metazoans (⁎). C, D Sections of the tunica serosa of the stomach parasitized with completely developed eggs. E Sections of the ovarian lamellae infected by both clusters of immature (➔) and developing (➤) eggs, representing immature and previtellogenic oocytes embedded within a loose fibro-granulomatous infiltration containing histiocytes and eosinophilic granular leukocytes (⁎). F Magnified view of histological section of infected ovary showing a fibro-granulomatous infiltrate surrounding clusters of eggs at different stages of development (mainly highly developed eggs, ➤). G High magnification (100×) view of a fully developed egg of H. persica (cross-sectional view) showing larva in-folded within the eggshell and a protruding polar plug at either end. H Less developed eggs with a nearly central nucleus (⁎) and thin eggshell layer and I fully developed eggs containing twisted larvae of H. persica cut on varying planes of section

Fig. 4 in Description, molecular identification and pathological lesions of Huffmanela persica sp. nov. (Nematoda: Trichosomoididae: Huffmanelinae) from the daggertooth pike conger Muraenesox cinereus

Fig. 4 Scanning electron micrographs of poorly developed (A–D) and fully developed (E–I) eggs of Huffmanela persica sp. nov. (separated from infected ovary). Less developed eggs spherical shaped (white arrow shows a shrunken and wrinkled egg) and with no evidently developed polar plugs. Fully developed eggs oblong and containing two plugs at poles. Eggs completely surrounded by a UL bearing uniformly based mammiform mounds adorned with tendril-like vermiform appendage emerging from the apex, occasionally adjoined to that of a neighboring mound (green arrowheads). Note the illusory appearance of serrated-like ridges (occasionally in the form of illusory interconnecting ridges, black arrows) in side views which is caused by overlapping of the mound bases (well observed in less developed eggs, red arrowheads). Outer surface of eggshell with irregular protuberances (yellow arrowheads)

Fig. 1 in Description, molecular identification and pathological lesions of Huffmanela persica sp. nov. (Nematoda: Trichosomoididae: Huffmanelinae) from the daggertooth pike conger Muraenesox cinereus

Fig. 1 Representation of an advanced egg of Huffmanela persica sp. nov. with measurements considered in this study. Total length with protruding polar plug and UL (black line); total length without protruding polar plug and UL (red line); total width with UL (yellow line); total width without UL (light blue line); shell thickness with UL (green line); shell thickness without UL (white line); polar plug width (dark blue line)

Fig. 2 in Description, molecular identification and pathological lesions of Huffmanela persica sp. nov. (Nematoda: Trichosomoididae: Huffmanelinae) from the daggertooth pike conger Muraenesox cinereus

Fig. 2 Macroscopic and microscopic appearance of fully developed eggs of Huffmanela persica sp. nov. A Grossly visible lesions of eggs previously deposited by adult forms of H. persica sp. nov. in the form of dark spots of various size within the infected tissues (ovary and serosa of stomach) of Muraenesox cinereus. B Wet mount prepared from infected ovary illustrating variously oriented advanced eggs of H. persica sp. nov. within the egg clusters

Fig. 4 in Boreochiton jakovlevae sp. nov. (Mollusca: Polyplacophora), a new chiton from the Sea of Okhotsk

Fig. 4. Boreochiton jakovlevae sp. nov., the holotype (ZISP no. 1916), BL 27.0 mm (A–C) and paratype (ZISP no. 2268), BL 3.5 mm (D). A, D – radula; B – central portion of radula; C – first marginal teeth of radula.

Fig. 3 in Boreochiton jakovlevae sp. nov. (Mollusca: Polyplacophora), a new chiton from the Sea of Okhotsk

Fig. 3. Boreochiton jakovlevae sp. nov., the holotype (ZISP no. 1916), BL 27.0 mm (A–C) and a paratype (ZISP no. 2268), BL 3.5 mm (D). A, D – dorsal spicules, marginal needles and ventral spicules; B – dorsal spicules; C – ventral spicules.

Fig. 1 in Boreochiton jakovlevae sp. nov. (Mollusca: Polyplacophora), a new chiton from the Sea of Okhotsk

Fig. 1. Boreochiton jakovlevae sp. nov., a paratype (ZISP no. 2269), BL 32 mm. A – whole animal, dorsal view; B – whole animal, lateral view.

Fig. 2 in Boreochiton jakovlevae sp. nov. (Mollusca: Polyplacophora), a new chiton from the Sea of Okhotsk

Fig. 2. Boreochiton jakovlevae sp. nov., the holotype (ZISP no. 1916), BL 27.0 mm. A – head valve, dorsal view; B – valve II, dorsal view; C – valve V, dorsal view; D – tail valve, dorsal view; E – valve V, ventral view; F – surface of tegmentum in central area; G – valve V, rostral view; H – tail valve, lateral view.

Fig. 5 in Boreochiton jakovlevae sp. nov. (Mollusca: Polyplacophora), a new chiton from the Sea of Okhotsk

Fig. 5. Boreochiton jakovlevae sp. nov., the holotype (ZISP no. 1916), BL 27.0 mm (A–E, I), a paratype (ZISP no. 2270), BL 14 mm (H), a paratype (ZISP no. 2270), BL 25 mm (F, J, K) and a paratype (ZISP no. 2268), BL 3.5 mm (G). A – dorsal bristle; B – dorsal spicules; C – marginal needles; D – ventral spicule near outer margin; E – ventral spicules in middle part of girdle; F – half row of radula; G–I – head of major lateral tooth of radula; J, K – major uncinal tooth. Scale bar 100 µm.

Fig. 4 in The Middle Triassic palaeontomofauna of Monte San Giorgio with the description of Merithone laetitiae (†Permithonidae) gen. et sp. nov.

Fig. 4 Merithone laetitiae (†Permithonidae) gen. nov., sp. nov. head and thorax details. Scale bar, 500 µm

Fig. 2 in The Middle Triassic palaeontomofauna of Monte San Giorgio with the description of Merithone laetitiae (†Permithonidae) gen. et sp. nov.

Fig. 2 Insect fossil findings in the five fossiliferous sites of Monte San Giorgio and described species. Species from Monte San Giorgio described until now: A Dasyleptus triassicus (Archaeognatha, †Monura, †Dasyleptidae) (scale bar 500 μm); B Gigamachilis triassicus (Archaeognatha, Machilidae) (scale bar 2 mm); C Archetingis ladinica (Hemiptera, Tingidae) (scale bar 1 mm); D Sawfly (scale bar 1 mm); E Praedodromeus sangiorgensis (Coleoptera, Trachipachidae) (scale bar 1 mm); F Tintorina meridensis (Ephemeroptera, Tintorinidae) (scale bar 1 mm). G Barplot showing the number of fossil findings per taxon at each fossiliferous site; asterisks followed by identification letters indicate the described species shown above

Fig. 1 in The Middle Triassic palaeontomofauna of Monte San Giorgio with the description of Merithone laetitiae (†Permithonidae) gen. et sp. nov.

Fig. 1 Location of the Monte San Giorgio and stratigraphic section of the Middle Triassic sediments. A Map showing the location of Monte San Giorgio and the carbonate Anisian-Ladinian sequence. B Middle Triassic stratigraphic units of the Monte San Giorgio area. Stratigraphic column after Commissione scientifica transnazionale Monte San Giorgio 2014, modified. Single-zircon U–Pb ages of Meride limestone after Stockar et al., 2012

Fig. 5 in The Middle Triassic palaeontomofauna of Monte San Giorgio with the description of Merithone laetitiae (†Permithonidae) gen. et sp. nov.

Fig. 5 Merithone laetitiae (†Permithonidae) gen. nov., sp. nov. forewing venation. Scale bar, 1 mm. C: Costa; Sc: Subcosta; R: Radius; M: Media; RS: Radial Sector; MA: Medial Anterior; MP: Medial Posterior; CUA: Cubital Anterior; CUP: Cubital Posterior

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Figure 1 in Partula desolata sp. nov. (Pulmonata: Partulidae), an extinct land snail from Rota, Mariana Islands, Micronesia

Figure 1. Map of the Mariana Islands with islands mentioned in the text labeled and a map of Rota showing approximate locations of the collecting sites (see text for coordinates).

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Figure 2 in Partula desolata sp. nov. (Pulmonata: Partulidae), an extinct land snail from Rota, Mariana Islands, Micronesia

Figure 2. Partula desolata Bauman & Kerr, sp. nov. Holotype, BPBM 252143-A, Payapai Cave, Alaguan region, Rota Island, Mariana Islands. Scale bar = 10 mm. A.–C. Apertural, adapertural, apical views, respectively. D. Slightly oblique basal view exposing the umbilical pit and a thickened and reflexed, but damaged, basal peristome.