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Subspecies and Distribution. A. t. tricuspidatus Temminck, 1835 — Moluccas. A. t. koopmani Schütter, S. L. Wilhams & Hill, 1983 — Bismarck Archipelago, D'Entrecasteaux Is, Kiriwina I, Misima I, Woodlark I, and Solomon Is. A. t. novaeguinae Schütter, S. L. Williams & Hill, 1983 -E New Guinea and Misool, Numfor, Supiori, Biak, and Yapen Is. A. t. novehebridensis Sanborn & Nicholson, 1950 -Vanuatu (Espiritu Santo, Aore, and Malekula Is). in Hipposideridae

Subspecies and Distribution. A. t. tricuspidatus Temminck, 1835 — Moluccas. A. t. koopmani Schütter, S. L. Wilhams & Hill, 1983 — Bismarck Archipelago, D'Entrecasteaux Is, Kiriwina I, Misima I, Woodlark I, and Solomon Is. A. t. novaeguinae Schütter, S. L. Williams & Hill, 1983 -E New Guinea and Misool, Numfor, Supiori, Biak, and Yapen Is. A. t. novehebridensis Sanborn & Nicholson, 1950 -Vanuatu (Espiritu Santo, Aore, and Malekula Is).

Subspecies and Distribution. D. w. wollastoni Thomas, 1913 known only from Utakwa River, Fakfak regency, West Papua Province, Indonesia. D. w. fasensis Flannery & Colgan, 1993 known only from North Coastal Range, N Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea. D. w. parnabyi Flannery & Colgan, 1993 — Central Range in Sandaun, Western, Southern Highlands, Chimbu, Gulf, and Morobe provinces, mostly reported near Tifalmin and Telefomin, Papua New Guinea. in Hipposideridae

Subspecies and Distribution. D. w. wollastoni Thomas, 1913 known only from Utakwa River, Fakfak regency, West Papua Province, Indonesia. D. w. fasensis Flannery & Colgan, 1993 known only from North Coastal Range, N Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea. D. w. parnabyi Flannery & Colgan, 1993 — Central Range in Sandaun, Western, Southern Highlands, Chimbu, Gulf, and Morobe provinces, mostly reported near Tifalmin and Telefomin, Papua New Guinea.

Subspecies and Distribution. R. b. beddomei K. Andersen, 1905 — W & E India (Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, and Andhra Pradesh). R. b. sobrinus K Andersen, 1918 - Sri Lanka. in Rhinolophidae

Subspecies and Distribution. R. b. beddomei K. Andersen, 1905 — W & E India (Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, and Andhra Pradesh). R. b. sobrinus K Andersen, 1918 - Sri Lanka.

Subspecies and Distribution. R. p. perniger Hodgson, 1843 - N, C & SW India (Uttarakhand, Sikkim, West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, and Kerala), C & E Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S China (Yunnan), N Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia. . p. lanosus K. Andersen, 1905 — C & SE China (Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Anhui Zhejiang,Jiangxi, Fujian, and Guangdong). R.p. spurcus G. M. Allen, 1928 - Hainan I, China. Possibly also peninsular Thailand, according to recorded calls. in Rhinolophidae

Subspecies and Distribution. R. p. perniger Hodgson, 1843 - N, C & SW India (Uttarakhand, Sikkim, West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, and Kerala), C & E Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, S China (Yunnan), N Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia. . p. lanosus K. Andersen, 1905 — C & SE China (Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Anhui Zhejiang,Jiangxi, Fujian, and Guangdong). R.p. spurcus G. M. Allen, 1928 - Hainan I, China. Possibly also peninsular Thailand, according to recorded calls.

Subspecies and Distribution. R. t. trifoliatus Temminck, 1834 —Sumatra, Belitung I, Borneo, WJava, and Banta I. R. t. edax K. Andersen, 1918 - NE India (two records in West Bengal and Assam), S China (one record in Guizhou), S Myanmar, C & S Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, and Singapore. R. t. niasensis K. Andersen, 1906 — Nias I. R. t. solitarius K Andersen, 1905 - Bangka I. in Rhinolophidae

Subspecies and Distribution. R. t. trifoliatus Temminck, 1834 —Sumatra, Belitung I, Borneo, WJava, and Banta I. R. t. edax K. Andersen, 1918 - NE India (two records in West Bengal and Assam), S China (one record in Guizhou), S Myanmar, C & S Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, and Singapore. R. t. niasensis K. Andersen, 1906 — Nias I. R. t. solitarius K Andersen, 1905 - Bangka I.

Subspecies and Distribution. R. p. pearsonii Horsfield, 1851 - N India (Uttarakhand, Sikkim, West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, and Mizoram), Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh,, S & SE China (Xizang, Sichuan, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Guizhou, Guangxi, Hubei, Hunan, and Guangdong), Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia. R.p. chinensisK. Andersen, 1905 - SE China (Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, and Fujian). in Rhinolophidae

Subspecies and Distribution. R. p. pearsonii Horsfield, 1851 - N India (Uttarakhand, Sikkim, West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, and Mizoram), Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh,, S & SE China (Xizang, Sichuan, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Guizhou, Guangxi, Hubei, Hunan, and Guangdong), Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia. R.p. chinensisK. Andersen, 1905 - SE China (Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, and Fujian).

Subspecies and Distribution. R.f. frantisi Soisook et al, 2015 - known only from a few localities in N, SW & S Borneo. R.f. thailandicus Soisook & Bates, 2015 — known only from type locality in SW Thailand. Genetic data suggest that the species may also occur in Vietnam, but this requires more research. in Rhinolophidae

Subspecies and Distribution. R.f. frantisi Soisook et al, 2015 - known only from a few localities in N, SW & S Borneo. R.f. thailandicus Soisook & Bates, 2015 — known only from type locality in SW Thailand. Genetic data suggest that the species may also occur in Vietnam, but this requires more research.

Subspecies and Distribution. R. a. acuminatus Peters, 1871 - Krakatau I andJava. R. a. audax K. Andersen, 1905 — Bali and Lombok Is. . a. calypso K. Andersen, 1905 — Enggano I. R. a. circe K. Andersen, 1906 — Nias I. R. a. sumatranus K Andersen, 1905 - W Sumatra and N Borneo. Subspecific identity of mainland populations in SE Asia, as well as the Philippines (Negros, Busuanga, Palawan, and Balabac Is) is uncertain, although mainland populations resemble individuals fromJava or Lombok. in Rhinolophidae

Subspecies and Distribution. R. a. acuminatus Peters, 1871 - Krakatau I andJava. R. a. audax K. Andersen, 1905 — Bali and Lombok Is. . a. calypso K. Andersen, 1905 — Enggano I. R. a. circe K. Andersen, 1906 — Nias I. R. a. sumatranus K Andersen, 1905 - W Sumatra and N Borneo. Subspecific identity of mainland populations in SE Asia, as well as the Philippines (Negros, Busuanga, Palawan, and Balabac Is) is uncertain, although mainland populations resemble individuals fromJava or Lombok.

Subspecies and Distribution. . c. canuti Thomas & Wroughton, 1909 — Java (three localities), and Nusa Barong ail'd Bali Is. . c. timorensis R. E. Goodwin, 1979 — Timor I. in Rhinolophidae

Subspecies and Distribution. . c. canuti Thomas & Wroughton, 1909 — Java (three localities), and Nusa Barong ail'd Bali Is. . c. timorensis R. E. Goodwin, 1979 — Timor I.

Subspecies and Distribution. R. c. cognatus K Andersen, 1906 - Andaman Is (South Andaman). R. c. famulus K. Andersen, 1918 - Andaman Is (North, Point, Interview, Baratang, and Narcondam). The species is not known from the Nicobar Is, despite a number of sources listing it from them. in Rhinolophidae

Subspecies and Distribution. R. c. cognatus K Andersen, 1906 - Andaman Is (South Andaman). R. c. famulus K. Andersen, 1918 - Andaman Is (North, Point, Interview, Baratang, and Narcondam). The species is not known from the Nicobar Is, despite a number of sources listing it from them.

Subspecies and Distribution. R p. philippinensis Waterhouse, 1843 - Philippines (Luzon, Polillo, Mindoro, Samar, Negros, Bohol, Siquijor, and Mindanao Is). R p. maros Tate & Archbold, 1939 - N Borneo (Sabah and Sarawak), SW Sulawesi, Kabaena, Buton, Flores, and E Timor Is, and C Papua New Guinea (Mt Karimui and Waro). in Rhinolophidae

Subspecies and Distribution. R p. philippinensis Waterhouse, 1843 - Philippines (Luzon, Polillo, Mindoro, Samar, Negros, Bohol, Siquijor, and Mindanao Is). R p. maros Tate & Archbold, 1939 - N Borneo (Sabah and Sarawak), SW Sulawesi, Kabaena, Buton, Flores, and E Timor Is, and C Papua New Guinea (Mt Karimui and Waro).

Subspecies and Distribution. R c. creaghi Thomas, 1896 - Palawan I (Philippines) and N, W & E Borneo (including Banggi I), although it probably occurs more widely in Borneo. . c. pilosus K. Andersen, 1918 — Lesser Sunda Is (Madura, Nusa Penida, Flores, Semau, and Roti), in Rhinolophidae

Subspecies and Distribution. R c. creaghi Thomas, 1896 - Palawan I (Philippines) and N, W & E Borneo (including Banggi I), although it probably occurs more widely in Borneo. . c. pilosus K. Andersen, 1918 — Lesser Sunda Is (Madura, Nusa Penida, Flores, Semau, and Roti),

Subspecies and Distribution. R. a. afinis Horsfield, 1823 - Malay Peninsula (including Langkawi and Tioman Is), Sumatra, North Pagai I in Mentawai Is, and Java. R. a. hainanusJ. A. Allen, 1906 - Hainan I, China. R. a. himalayanus K Andersen, 1905 — N India (Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Sikkim, West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, and Nagaland), Nepal, Bhutan, NE Bangladesh, N Myanmar, and C & S China (Sichuan, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Hubei, Hunan, and Guizhou). R. a. macrurus K. Andersen, 1905 - SE China (Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Guangxi), S Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam (including Dao Tra Ban and Phu Quoc Is); possibly also Cambodia. R. a. nesites K. Andersen, 1905 - Borneo (including Laut, Sebuku, and Laut Kecil Is) and Anamba and Natuna Is. R. a. princeps K. Andersen, 1905 — Kangean (Kangean and Sepanjang Is), Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, and Sumba Is. A morphologically distinct subspecies (still unnamed) is known from E Myanmar and N Vietnam. in Rhinolophidae

Subspecies and Distribution. R. a. afinis Horsfield, 1823 - Malay Peninsula (including Langkawi and Tioman Is), Sumatra, North Pagai I in Mentawai Is, and Java. R. a. hainanusJ. A. Allen, 1906 - Hainan I, China. R. a. himalayanus K Andersen, 1905 — N India (Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Sikkim, West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, and Nagaland), Nepal, Bhutan, NE Bangladesh, N Myanmar, and C & S China (Sichuan, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Hubei, Hunan, and Guizhou). R. a. macrurus K. Andersen, 1905 - SE China (Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Guangxi), S Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam (including Dao Tra Ban and Phu Quoc Is); possibly also Cambodia. R. a. nesites K. Andersen, 1905 - Borneo (including Laut, Sebuku, and Laut Kecil Is) and Anamba and Natuna Is. R. a. princeps K. Andersen, 1905 — Kangean (Kangean and Sepanjang Is), Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, and Sumba Is. A morphologically distinct subspecies (still unnamed) is known from E Myanmar and N Vietnam.

Subspecies and Distribution. A r. robinsoni K. Andersen, 1918 - Malay Peninsula. A r. klossi K. Andersen, 1918 - Tioman, Pemanggil, and Aur Is off SE Malay Peninsula in Rhinolophidae

Subspecies and Distribution. A r. robinsoni K. Andersen, 1918 - Malay Peninsula. A r. klossi K. Andersen, 1918 - Tioman, Pemanggil, and Aur Is off SE Malay Peninsula

Subspecies and Distribution. R.p. pusillus Temminck, 1834 - N Sumatra, N, E & S Borneo (including Banggi I), W Java, and Bali I. R. p. blythi K. Andersen, 1918 - N India (Uttarakhand, Sikkim, West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, and Arunachal Pradesh), Nepal, Bhutan, and SE Bangladesh. R.p. calidusG. M. Allen, 1923-SE China (Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, and Fujian, along with a recent record from Beijing area that may represent this subspecies). R. p. gracilis K. Andersen, 1905 - S India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu). R.p. lakkhanae Yoshiyuki, 1990 - S China (Yunnan), Thailand, Laos, Vietnam (including Cat Ba I), Cambodia, and Peninsular Malaysia (including Tioman I). R.p. minutillusG. S. Miller, 1906 —Anambas Is (Siantan). R.p. pagi Tate & Archbold, 1939 — Mentawai Is (North Pagai). R.p. parcus G. M. Allen, 1928 - Hainan I, China. R. p. szechwanus K Andersen, 1918 - Myanmar and C China (Sichuan, Guizhou, Hubei, and probably Yunnan). in Rhinolophidae

Subspecies and Distribution. R.p. pusillus Temminck, 1834 - N Sumatra, N, E & S Borneo (including Banggi I), W Java, and Bali I. R. p. blythi K. Andersen, 1918 - N India (Uttarakhand, Sikkim, West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, and Arunachal Pradesh), Nepal, Bhutan, and SE Bangladesh. R.p. calidusG. M. Allen, 1923-SE China (Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, and Fujian, along with a recent record from Beijing area that may represent this subspecies). R. p. gracilis K. Andersen, 1905 - S India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu). R.p. lakkhanae Yoshiyuki, 1990 - S China (Yunnan), Thailand, Laos, Vietnam (including Cat Ba I), Cambodia, and Peninsular Malaysia (including Tioman I). R.p. minutillusG. S. Miller, 1906 —Anambas Is (Siantan). R.p. pagi Tate & Archbold, 1939 — Mentawai Is (North Pagai). R.p. parcus G. M. Allen, 1928 - Hainan I, China. R. p. szechwanus K Andersen, 1918 - Myanmar and C China (Sichuan, Guizhou, Hubei, and probably Yunnan).

Subspecies and Distribution. R m. mehelyi Matschie, 1901 - S Europe (S Iberian Peninsula, Sardinia, E Sicily, SE Italy, S Albania, E Serbia, S Romania, E North Macedonia, Bulgaria, and Greece), SW Asia (Caucasus, Anatolia, N Iraq, and Zagros Mts in W Iran), and N Africa (N Morocco, N Algeria, and N Tunisia); possibly a record from SE France, and there are apparently records from Afghanistan, although exact localities are uncertain. R m. judaicus K. Andersen & Matschie, 1904 - Levant in Cyprus, N Syria, W Jordan, Israel, NE Egypt (including NW Sinai based on echolocation), and NE Libya. in Rhinolophidae

Subspecies and Distribution. R m. mehelyi Matschie, 1901 - S Europe (S Iberian Peninsula, Sardinia, E Sicily, SE Italy, S Albania, E Serbia, S Romania, E North Macedonia, Bulgaria, and Greece), SW Asia (Caucasus, Anatolia, N Iraq, and Zagros Mts in W Iran), and N Africa (N Morocco, N Algeria, and N Tunisia); possibly a record from SE France, and there are apparently records from Afghanistan, although exact localities are uncertain. R m. judaicus K. Andersen & Matschie, 1904 - Levant in Cyprus, N Syria, W Jordan, Israel, NE Egypt (including NW Sinai based on echolocation), and NE Libya.

Figures 58-68. Panthea female genitalia 58. P in Revision of the New World Panthea Hübner (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) with descriptions of 5 new species and 2 new subspecies

Figures 58-68. Panthea female genitalia 58. P. apanthea, Coconino Co, AZ. USA; 59. P. judyae, Chihuahua, MEX; 60. P. gigantea, Chihuahua, MEX; 61. P. guatemala, Oaxaca, MEX; 62. P. virginarius, Missoula Co., MT., USA; 63. P. acronyctoides nigra, Teller Co., CO., USA;. 64. P. a. acronyctoides, Ashland Co., WI, USA; 65. P. f. furcilla, Windham Co., CT, USA; 66. P. f. furcilla-f. nigra intermediate, Dauphin Co., PA., USA; 67. P. furcilla australis, Whitfield Co., GA, USA; 68. Panthea greyi, Apache Co., AZ., USA.

Figures 44-49. Panthea male genitalia 44 in Revision of the New World Panthea Hübner (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) with descriptions of 5 new species and 2 new subspecies

Figures 44-49. Panthea male genitalia 44. Lichnoptera decora, Queretero, MEX; 45. P. apanthea, El Paso Co., CO., USA; 46. P. judyae Grant Co., NM, USA; 47. P. reducta, Pedemales, DR; 48. P. gigantea, El Dorado Co., CA., USA, a. tip of uncus; 49. P. guatemala, Oaxaca MEX., a. tip of uncus, Oaxaca, b. tip of uncus, Chiapas, MEX.

Figures 50-57. Panthea male genitalia 50. P in Revision of the New World Panthea Hübner (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) with descriptions of 5 new species and 2 new subspecies

Figures 50-57. Panthea male genitalia 50. P. virginarius, Josephine Co. OR., USA; 51. P. virginarius Wyoming variant, Lincoln Co., WY., USA; 52. P. acronyctoides nigra, Albany Co., WY, USA; 53. P. a. acronyctoides, Steuben, ME, USA; 54. P. furcilla furcilla, Norfolk Co., MA., USA; 55. P. furcilla australis, Whitfield Co., GA. USA; 56. Panthea f. furcilla - f. australis intermediate specimens, showing variation in size of basal cornuti; a. P.G. Co., MD; b, c. Owsley Co., KY; d. Elko Co., PA. 57. P. greyi. Coconino Co., AZ, USA.

Figures 28-43. Panthea adults 28. P in Revision of the New World Panthea Hübner (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) with descriptions of 5 new species and 2 new subspecies

Figures 28-43. Panthea adults 28. P. virginarius ♁, Nevada Co., CA, USA; 29. P. virginarius ♀, Waterton Lk. N.P, AB, CAN; 30. P. virginarius, ♁, LA Co., CA, USA; 31. P. virginarius ♀, Monterey Co, CA, USA; 32. P. virginarius ♁, Lincoln Co., WY, USA; 33. P. virginarius ♀, Cowlitz Co., WA, USA; 34. P. virginarius ♁ - holotype of suffusa, Barriere, BC, CAN; 35. P. viginarius, Vavenby, BC, CAN; 36. P. a. acronyctoides ♁ Edmonton, AB, CAN; 37. P. a. acronyctoides, ♁ holotype of albosuffusa, Queen's Co., NS, CAN; 38. P. a. acronyctoides ♁, Penobscot, ME, USA; 39. P. a. acronyctoides – a. nigra intermediate, Edmonton, AB, CAN; 40. P. a. nigra ♁ holotype, Gilpin Co., CO., USA; 41. P. a. nigra ♁, Jasper N.P., AB, CAN; 42. P. a. nigra ♁, Grand Co., CO, USA; 43. P. a. nigra ♀, Grand Co. CO, USA.