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FIGURE 1 in Taxonomic revision of the Apiomerus maya species group (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Harpactorinae)
FIGURE 1. Dorsal habitus images of (A) A. immundus Bergroth, 1898 [♂ LECTOTYPE = UCR_ENT 00040816], (B) Apiomerus maya Dispons, 1971 [♀ = UCR_ENT 00013169, ♂ HOLOTYPE = UCR_ENT 00038047], (C) A. pipil Dispons, 1971 [♀ = AMNH_PBI 00218895, ♂ = UCR_ENT 00032865], and (D) A. venosus Stål, 1872 [♀ = UCR_ENT 00031790, ♂ = UCR_ENT 00032336]. All scale bars represent 4 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Taxonomic revision of the Apiomerus maya species group (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Harpactorinae)
FIGURE 3. Dorsal (A–D) and lateral (E–H) views of the aedeagus of males of the maya species group. An arrow-shaped dorsal phallothecal sclerite (dps) is commonly seen in males of these species (subconical in A. immundus). Note the paired triangular projections (tp) positioned basally on the dps of Apiomerus maya (B & F); these projections are absent in other maya group taxa. The basal dorsolateral sclerites of the endosoma (bdls) can be short and round (A. maya), moderately elongated with fine sculpturing basally (A. immundus), or greatly elongated and slightly twisted (A. pipil and A. venosus). The number of peg-like endosomal denticles (ed) aligned longitudinally along the distal dorsal lobes of the endosoma (ddl) varies across the group. In some taxa, notably A. immundus and some A. venosus, lateral sclerotizations of the endosoma (ls) may be observed along the endosoma's proximal dorsolateral surface. All scale bars represent 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 5 in Taxonomic revision of the Apiomerus maya species group (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Harpactorinae)
FIGURE 5. Apiomerus venosus lectotype dorsal habitus (A), specimen labels (B), and caudal view of pygophore (C). The "Allotypus" label associated with this specimen is a curatorial artifact. Dorsal habitus (D) and labels (E) of the A. tristis lectotype (UCR_ENT 00048736). Figures A and D are not to scale. A–C photographed by Gunvi Lindberg (© 2022 NHRS). Original photos cropped, light levels and contrast adjusted. Made available by the Swedish Museum of Natural History under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License, CC-BY 4.0.
Figure 10 in Taxonomic revision and notes on natural history of the enigmatic beetle genus Gibboryctes Endrödi (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae)
Figure 10. Aedeagus with parameres in dorsal and lateral views, respectively. (a,b) Gibboryctes szelenyii Endrödi; (c,d) Gibboryctes endroedii sp. nov.; (e,f) Heterogomphus gracilicornis Prell; (g,h) Tetragus waldenfelsi (Endrödi).
Figure 13 in Taxonomic revision and notes on natural history of the enigmatic beetle genus Gibboryctes Endrödi (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae)
Figure 13. Detail of ventrites I–VI of females. (a) Gibboryctes szelenyii Endrödi; (b) Gibboryctes ebeninus sp. nov; (c) Gibboryctes endroedii sp. nov.; (d) Tetragus waldenfelsi (Endrödi). Red arrows indicate the proportions of ventrites V and VI.
Figure 16 in Taxonomic revision and notes on natural history of the enigmatic beetle genus Gibboryctes Endrödi (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae)
Figure 16. (a) Adult of Gibboryctes szelenyii Endrödi at central portion of termite nest (arrow); (b) detail of the adult in situ (arrow); (c) pupal chamber with its structures in the shape of pellets (arrow); (d) recently emerged adult.
Figure 12 in Taxonomic revision and notes on natural history of the enigmatic beetle genus Gibboryctes Endrödi (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae)
Figure 12. Females of Gibboryctes species with detail of head, pronotum and prothoracic legs in lateral view and left elytra in dorsal view, respectively. (a,b) Gibboryctes szelenyii Endrödi; (c,d) Gibboryctes ebeninus sp. nov.; (e,f) Gibboryctes endroedii sp. nov. Jsi, juxtasutural interstria. Arrow indicates coalescent punctures in (e).
Figure 3 in Taxonomic revision and notes on natural history of the enigmatic beetle genus Gibboryctes Endrödi (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae)
Figure 3. Gibboryctes endroedii sp. nov. (a,b) Habitus of holotype male in dorsal and lateral views, respectively; (c) habitus of female paratype in dorsal view.
Figure 2 in Taxonomic revision and notes on natural history of the enigmatic beetle genus Gibboryctes Endrödi (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae)
Figure 2. Gibboryctes ebeninus sp. nov. (a, b) Habitus of paratype female in dorsal and lateral views, respectively.
Figure 1 in Taxonomic revision and notes on natural history of the enigmatic beetle genus Gibboryctes Endrödi (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae)
Figure 1. Gibboryctes szelenyii Endrödi, 1974. (a,b) Holotype male in dorsal and lateral views, respectively; (c) labels; (d,e) male habitus in dorsal and lateral views, respectively; (f) female habitus in dorsal view. (a,b) pictures out of scale.
Figure 9 in Taxonomic revision and notes on natural history of the enigmatic beetle genus Gibboryctes Endrödi (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae)
Figure 9. Detail of head, pronotum and prothoracic legs of males in dorsal view: (a) Gibboryctes szelenyii (Endrödi); (b) Gibboryctes endroedii sp. nov.; (c) Heterogomphus gracilicornis Prell; (d) Tetragus waldenfelsi (Endrödi).
Figure 8 in Taxonomic revision and notes on natural history of the enigmatic beetle genus Gibboryctes Endrödi (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae)
Figure 8. Right maxilla in ventral view. (a) Gibboryctes szelenyii Endrödi; (b) Gibboryctes ebeninus sp. nov.; (c) Gibboryctes endroedii sp. nov.; (d) Heterogomphus gracilicornis Prell; (e) Tetragus waldenfelsi (Endrödi). Red arrows indicating triangular galea in (a), elongate maxillary palpomere II in (b), lobed inner margin of galea and stipe with triangular lobe in (c), pointed and triangular teeth on galea in (d), scythe-shape d teeth and rounded inner margin of galea in (e).
Figure 11 in Taxonomic revision and notes on natural history of the enigmatic beetle genus Gibboryctes Endrödi (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae)
Figure 11. Detail of head, pronotum and prothoracic legs of females in dorsal view: (a) Gibboryctes szelenyii Endrödi; (b) Gibboryctes ebeninus sp. nov.; (c) Gibboryctes endroedi sp. nov.; (d) Heterogomphus gracilicornis Prell; (e) Tetragus waldenfelsi (Endrödi). Arrow indicates punctate frons in (b).
Figure 5 in Taxonomic revision and notes on natural history of the enigmatic beetle genus Gibboryctes Endrödi (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae)
Figure 5. Tetragus waldenfelsi (Endrödi, 1977). (a,b) Male habitus in dorsal and lateral views, respectively; (c,d) female habitus in dorsal and lateral views, respectively.
Data from: Inordinate spinescence: taxonomic revision and microtomography of the Pheidole cervicornis species group (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
The ant genus Pheidole—for all of its hyperdiversity and global ubiquity—is remarkably conservative with regard to morphological disparity. A striking exception to this constrained morphology is the spinescent morphotype, which has evolved multiple times across distantly related lineages of Indoaustralian Pheidole. The Pheidole cervicornis group contains perhaps the most extraordinary spinescent forms of all Pheidole. Here we present a taxonomic revision of the P. cervicornis group, and use microtomographic scanning technology to investigate the internal anatomy of the thoracic spines. Our findings suggest the pronotal spines of Pheidole majors, are possibly skeletomuscular adaptations for supporting their disproportionately large heads. The 'head support hypothesis' is an alternative to the mechanical defense hypothesis most often used to explain spinescence in ants. The P. cervicornis group is known only from New Guinea and is represented by the following four species, including two described here as new: P. barumtaun Donisthorpe, P. drogon sp. nov., P. cervicornis Emery, and P. viserion sp. nov. The group is most readily identified by the minor worker caste, which has extremely long pronotal spines and strongly bifurcating propodeal spines. The major and minor workers of all species are illustrated with specimen photographs, with the exception of the major worker of P. cervicornis, which is not known.
FIGURE 0 in A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae)
FIGURE 0. Distribution of Dicorynia related to precipitation. Map of average annual rainfall in mm of part of the Neotropics containing all analyzed specimens of Dicorynia. Note the distribution of the genus in more humid areas above about 2200 mm in the Amazon basin and in the Guianas (orange and purple colors). A dry arch between Pará and Venezuela provides partial isolation between the two species of the genus with respect to this environmental condition. Source: WorldClim with modifications.
FIGURE. Dicorynia paraensis, var. ingens, var. macrophylla and floral diagram to D. paraensis. A–C. Dicorynia paraensis var. macrophylla; A. Branch with leaves; B. Axillary bud; C. Petiolule and base of the leaflet; D–G. Dicorynia paraensis var. ingens; D. Branch with a leaf; E. Axillary bud; F. Petiolule and base of the leaflet; G. Detail of the abaxial face of the leaflet presenting dark glandular trichomes; H. Floral diagram of D. paraensis, arrows represent bracts and asterisks represent lateral flowers in a cymose subunit. A: D. Cardoso 3397; B–C: A. Ducke s.n. RB231037; D–G: A. Ducke s.n. MG16022. Drawn by M. Falcão. Scale bar. A, D: 3 cm; B–C, E–F: 2mm; G: 0.1mm. in A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae)
FIGURE. Dicorynia paraensis, var. ingens, var. macrophylla and floral diagram to D. paraensis. A–C. Dicorynia paraensis var. macrophylla; A. Branch with leaves; B. Axillary bud; C. Petiolule and base of the leaflet; D–G. Dicorynia paraensis var. ingens; D. Branch with a leaf; E. Axillary bud; F. Petiolule and base of the leaflet; G. Detail of the abaxial face of the leaflet presenting dark glandular trichomes; H. Floral diagram of D. paraensis, arrows represent bracts and asterisks represent lateral flowers in a cymose subunit. A: D. Cardoso 3397; B–C: A. Ducke s.n. RB231037; D–G: A. Ducke s.n. MG16022. Drawn by M. Falcão. Scale bar. A, D: 3 cm; B–C, E–F: 2mm; G: 0.1mm.
FIGURE. Varieties of Dicorynia paraensis. A. Dicorynia paraensis var. paraensis; B. Dicorynia paraensis var. macrophylla; C. Dicorynia paraensis var. uaupensis; D. Dicorynia paraensis var. ingens. A: Spruce, R. 1918; B: Ducke, A. s.n. RB23321; C: Amaral, I.L. 574; D: Ducke, A. s.n. MG15707(S). Images by: A: Paris Virtual Herbarium; B-D: Reflora. Scale bar: 5cm. in A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae)
FIGURE. Varieties of Dicorynia paraensis. A. Dicorynia paraensis var. paraensis; B. Dicorynia paraensis var. macrophylla; C. Dicorynia paraensis var. uaupensis; D. Dicorynia paraensis var. ingens. A: Spruce, R. 1918; B: Ducke, A. s.n. RB23321; C: Amaral, I.L. 574; D: Ducke, A. s.n. MG15707(S). Images by: A: Paris Virtual Herbarium; B-D: Reflora. Scale bar: 5cm.
FIGURE. Seedlings, seeds, embryos, anthers, and pollen in Dicorynia. A–D. Different stages of development in seedlings of D. paraensis, First eophiles unifoliolate and opposite; E–G. Seed of D. guianensis: E. External surface; F. Endosperm of the longitudinally sectioned seed, note the slightly gelatinous upper region; G. Cotyledon and embryo of longitudinally sectioned seed; H. SEM of seed's testa in D. paraensis; I. SEM of endosperm's surface in D. guianensis (notice the presence of circular perforations); J–K. SEM of the hypocotyl-radicular axis of the seed in D. guianensis and D. paraensis; L. SEM of seed's testa in D. guianensis; M–N. SEM of plumule region in embryo of D. guianensis and D. paraensis (note the developed leaf primordia); O. Apex of anther in longer stamen of D. paraensis, showing 4 sporangia and two pores covered by an apicle; P. Apex of anther in shorter stamen of D. guianensis, at least 9 sporangia; Q. Apex of anther in longer stamen of D. guianensis, 8 sporangia; R. Pollen grains in D. paraensis. A–D: Falcão, M.J. 91; E–G, I–J, L–M: Gentry 63030; H, K, N: Berry, P.E. 7460; O: Amaral, E. 618; P, Q: Unknown collector MO1576407; Scale bar. A–D: 2cm; E–G: 3mm; H–L: 1mm; M–N: 100 μm; O-Q: 200μm; R: 5 μm. in A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae)
FIGURE. Seedlings, seeds, embryos, anthers, and pollen in Dicorynia. A–D. Different stages of development in seedlings of D. paraensis, First eophiles unifoliolate and opposite; E–G. Seed of D. guianensis: E. External surface; F. Endosperm of the longitudinally sectioned seed, note the slightly gelatinous upper region; G. Cotyledon and embryo of longitudinally sectioned seed; H. SEM of seed's testa in D. paraensis; I. SEM of endosperm's surface in D. guianensis (notice the presence of circular perforations); J–K. SEM of the hypocotyl-radicular axis of the seed in D. guianensis and D. paraensis; L. SEM of seed's testa in D. guianensis; M–N. SEM of plumule region in embryo of D. guianensis and D. paraensis (note the developed leaf primordia); O. Apex of anther in longer stamen of D. paraensis, showing 4 sporangia and two pores covered by an apicle; P. Apex of anther in shorter stamen of D. guianensis, at least 9 sporangia; Q. Apex of anther in longer stamen of D. guianensis, 8 sporangia; R. Pollen grains in D. paraensis. A–D: Falcão, M.J. 91; E–G, I–J, L–M: Gentry 63030; H, K, N: Berry, P.E. 7460; O: Amaral, E. 618; P, Q: Unknown collector MO1576407; Scale bar. A–D: 2cm; E–G: 3mm; H–L: 1mm; M–N: 100 μm; O-Q: 200μm; R: 5 μm.
FIGURE. Terminal and axillary buds in Dicorynia. Terminal bud with a lateral axillary bud on left in: A. D. guianensis and; B. D. paraensis var. uaupensis; C. D. guianensis: axillary bud laterally obovate; D. D. paraensis var. paraensis: axillary bud laterally narrowly lanceolate; E. D. paraensis var. macrophylla: axillary bud, laterally oblong and acuminate; F. D. paraensis var. macrophylla: axillary bud elliptical, pedunculate and with obtuse apex; G. D. paraensis var. uaupensis; typical axillary bud, laterally narrowly obovate and acuminate (note in B an orbicular example in the same variety); H. D. paraensis var. ingens: axillary bud orbicular. A, C: Stahel s.n. RB756216; B: Ducke, A. s.n. RB20337; D: Ducke, A. s.n. RB24185; E: Ducke, A. s.n. RB231037; F: Falcão, M.J. 90; G: Amaral, I.L. 618; H: Ducke, A. s.n. MG16022. Scale bar: 2 mm. in A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae)
FIGURE. Terminal and axillary buds in Dicorynia. Terminal bud with a lateral axillary bud on left in: A. D. guianensis and; B. D. paraensis var. uaupensis; C. D. guianensis: axillary bud laterally obovate; D. D. paraensis var. paraensis: axillary bud laterally narrowly lanceolate; E. D. paraensis var. macrophylla: axillary bud, laterally oblong and acuminate; F. D. paraensis var. macrophylla: axillary bud elliptical, pedunculate and with obtuse apex; G. D. paraensis var. uaupensis; typical axillary bud, laterally narrowly obovate and acuminate (note in B an orbicular example in the same variety); H. D. paraensis var. ingens: axillary bud orbicular. A, C: Stahel s.n. RB756216; B: Ducke, A. s.n. RB20337; D: Ducke, A. s.n. RB24185; E: Ducke, A. s.n. RB231037; F: Falcão, M.J. 90; G: Amaral, I.L. 618; H: Ducke, A. s.n. MG16022. Scale bar: 2 mm.
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