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1,037 results for “Canadensys”
Cercis canadensis (Fabaceae) - whole tree (or vine) - general
Image of Cercis canadensis (Fabaceae) - whole tree (or vine) - general
Cercis canadensis (Fabaceae) - whole tree (or vine) - view up trunk
Image of Cercis canadensis (Fabaceae) - whole tree (or vine) - view up trunk
Tsuga canadensis (Pinaceae) - whole tree - general
Image of Tsuga canadensis (Pinaceae) - whole tree - general
Cercis canadensis (Fabaceae) - whole tree (or vine) - general
Image of Cercis canadensis (Fabaceae) - whole tree (or vine) - general
Tsuga canadensis (Pinaceae) - whole tree - general
Image of Tsuga canadensis (Pinaceae) - whole tree - general
Cercis canadensis (Fabaceae) - whole tree (or vine) - general
Image of Cercis canadensis (Fabaceae) - whole tree (or vine) - general
Cercis canadensis (Fabaceae) - whole tree (or vine) - winter
Image of Cercis canadensis (Fabaceae) - whole tree (or vine) - winter
Too many to count: Using orthophotography to census an unharvested beaver (Castor canadensis) population in Ontario
<p>Various field methods exist to monitor wildlife populations and estimate trends in their distribution and abundance. For American beaver (Castor canadensis), aerial surveys provide a means to obtain abundance data over large areas and typically involve observers searching watercourses and shorelines for active beaver presence. Here, we describe a systematic aerial photo census we designed and executed in autumn to quantify annual beaver abundance on the 184 km2 Michipicoten Island, Ontario from 2015–2019. Aerial photos were stitched together into orthophoto mosaics after each census and visually searched for beaver food caches, with each food cache representing an independent beaver colony. Our methods revealed that beaver colony abundance declined substantially from a peak of 6.1 colonies/km2 in 2015, the highest reported across North America, to 0.4 colonies/km2 in 2018. Beaver abundance remained low through 2019. Though photographing the entire isolated study area required relatively little time and effort, even when beaver density was very high, post-census processing work was time-consuming. Lessons learned will improve the efficiencies of our future censuses and aid other researchers. Our method is advantageous over traditional aerial wildlife surveys in that it provides a digital and visual record that can be used for additional analyses. </p>
Polyploidization-enhanced effective clonal reproduction endows the successful invasion of Solidago canadensis
Clonality and ploidy levels are positively associated with plant invasiveness. However, there is still no consensus on whether polyploidization can promote the invasion of alien plants by enhancing clonality. Our recent long-term community succession study found that the more vigorous clone of introduced polyploid Solidago canadensis succeeded into mono-dominant community, which seems to be a positive correlationship between polyploidization and clonal reproduction. However, how polyploidization improves the clonal reproduction of S. canadensis remains unknown. Here, we compared clonal growth ability among diploids and polyploids of S. canadensis from native and introduced ranges in a common garden. Results showed that the rhizomes of S. canadensis originated from axillary buds of dense nodes at the basal stem of seedling and then produced into clonal ramets. Diploids had denser nodes and more buds, developed more rhizomes per unit mass and produced more clonal propagules at the early growth stage compared with polyploids. However, the number of juvenile and secondary rhizomes, as well as the diameter and length of rhizomes in polyploid populations was significant higher than those of diploids, and those clonal traits in introduced polyploids were significant higher than in native polyploids. Moreover, a phalanx growth form was observed in native and introduced diploid populations, which allocated about 3% and 5% of the total biomass to rhizomes, respectively, resulting in short and weak rhizomes. However, native and introduced polyploids allocated about 35% and 40%, respectively, of the total biomass to rhizomes, resulting in long and strong rhizomes, which were guerrilla growth forms. This study firstly shows that polyploidization enhanced the effective clonal reproduction of S. canadensis through pre-adaptation and rapid post-adaptation evolution, and consequently contributed to its successful invasion.
Older populations of the invader Solidago canadensis exhibit stronger positive plant-soil feedbacks and competitive ability in China
<p><strong>PREMISE</strong></p> <p>The enemy release hypothesis predicts that release from natural enemies, including soil-borne pathogens, liberates invasive plants from a negative regulating force. Nevertheless, invasive plants may acquire novel enemies and mutualists in the introduced range, which may cause variable effects on invader growth. However, how soil microorganisms may influence competitive ability of invasive plants along invasion chronosequences has been little explored.</p> <p><strong>METHODS</strong></p> <p>Using the invasive plant <em>Solidago canadensis</em>, we tested whether longer residence times are associated with stronger negative plant-soil feedbacks and thus weaker competitive abilities at the individual level. We grew S. canadensis individuals from 36 populations with different residence times in competition versus no competition and in three different types of soils: (1) conspecific rhizospheric soils, (2) soil from uninvaded patches, and (3) sterilized soil. For our competitor treatments, we constructed synthetic communities of four native species <em>Bidens parviflora, Solanum nigrum, Kalimeris indica,</em> and <em>Mosla scabra</em>, which naturally co-occur with <em>S. canadensis</em> in the field.</p> <p><strong>RESULTS</strong></p> <p>Solidago canadensis populations with longer residence times experienced stronger positive plant-soil feedbacks and had greater competitive responses (i.e., produced greater above-ground biomass and grew taller) in conspecific rhizospheric soils than in sterilized and uninvaded soils. Moreover, <em>S. canadensis</em> from older populations significantly suppressed above-ground biomass of the native communities in rhizospheric and uninvaded soils but not in sterilized soil.</p> <p><strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong></p> <p>The present results suggest that older populations of <em>S. canadensis</em> experience stronger positive plant-soil feedback, which may enhance their competitive ability against native plant communities. </p>
Branta canadensis (Anatidae) - whole organism
Image of Branta canadensis (Anatidae) - whole organism
Fig. 2 in Traceback of the Psoroptes outbreak in British Columbian bighorn sheep (Ovis Canadensis)
Fig. 2. Map of the sample origin locations and associated host groups of Psoroptes samples used.
Fig. 1 in Co-infection of Echinococcus equinus and Echinococcus canadensis (G6/7) in a gray wolf in Turkey: First report and genetic variability of the isolates
Fig. 1. Stereomicroscopic view of adult parasites obtained from gray wolf's intestine.
Figure 10 in Bone surface texture as an ontogenetic indicator in long bones of the Canada goose Branta canadensis (Anseriformes: Anatidae)
Figure 10. The relationship between texture type and date of death.
Figure 8 in Bone surface texture as an ontogenetic indicator in long bones of the Canada goose Branta canadensis (Anseriformes: Anatidae)
Figure 8. Relationships between texture type and bone length and percentage adult size.
Data for: Cytogeography of naturalized Solidago canadensis populations in Europe
<p><span>Autopolyploidization has driven the successful invasion of <em>Solidago canadensis</em> in East Asia. However, it was believed that only diploid <em>S. canadensis</em> invaded Europe, whereas polyploids never did. In this study, we aim to investigate whether polyploidy <em>S. canadensis</em> invaded Europe and compare</span><span> the </span><span>ecological niche differentiation pattern driven by ploidy in Asia and Europe and North America.</span><span>Here, </span><span>molecular identification (combination of ribosomal ITS and psbA-trnH intergenic spacer), ploidy level, and morphological traits of ten <em>S. canadensis</em> populations collected in Europe were compared with previously identified <em>S. canadensi</em>s populations from other continents and <em>S. altissima</em> populations. Furthermore, the ploidy-driven geographical differentiation pattern of <em>S. canadensis</em> in different continents was investigated. </span><span>Results showed that all ten European populations were identified as <em>S. canadensis</em> with five diploid and five hexaploid populations. Significant differences in morphological traits existed among diploids and polyploids (tetraploids and hexaploids), rather than between polyploids from different introduced ranges and between <em>S. altissima</em> and polyploidy <em>S. canadensis</em> populations.</span><span> The invasive hexaploids and diploids had few differences in latitudinal distributions in Europe which was similar to the native range but absolutely different from a distinct climate-niche differentiation in Asia. This may be attributed to the bigger difference in climate between Asia and Europe and North America.</span><span>The above morphological and molecular evidences proved the invasion of polyploid <em>S. canadensis </em>in Europe and suggest that </span><em><span>S. altissima</span></em><span> may be merged into a complex of </span><em><span>S. canadensis</span></em><span> species</span><span>.</span><span> Our study may be concluded that geographical and ecological niche differentiation of an invasive plant driven by ploidy depends on the degree of difference in the environmental factors between the introduced range and the native range, which provides new insight into the invasive mechanism.</span></p>
Directional and stabilizing selection shaped morphological, reproductive, and physiological traits of the invader Solidago canadensis
<p>Trait evolution in invasive plant species is important because it can impact demographic parameters key to invasion success. Invasive plant species often show phenotypic clines along geographic and climatic gradients. However, the relative contributions of natural selection and neutral evolutionary processes to phenotypic trait variation among populations of invasive plants remains unclear. A common method to assess whether a trait has been shaped by natural selection or neutral evolutionary processes is to compare the geographical pattern for the trait of interest to the divergence in neutral genetic loci (i.e., QST-FST comparisons). A redundancy analysis (RDA) can facilitate identification of putative agents of natural selection on the trait. Here, we employed both a QST-FST comparisons approach and RDA to infer whether natural selection shaped traits of invasive populations of S. canadensis in China and identify the potential environmental drivers of natural selection. We addressed two questions: (1) Does natural selection drive phenotypic trait variation among S. canadensis populations? (2) Do climatic, latitudinal, longitudinal, and altitudinal gradients drive patterns of genetic variation among S. canadensis populations? We found significant directional selection for several morphological and reproductive traits (i.e., QST >FST) and stabilizing selection for physiological traits (i.e., QST < FST). The RDA showed that stem biomass of S. canadensis was strongly positively correlated with longitude, while leaf width ratio and specific leaf area were significantly positively correlated with mean diurnal range. Stem biomass had a strong negative correlation with annual precipitation. Moreover, height of S. canadensis individuals was strongly positively correlated with altitude and precipitation of the wettest quarter. Precipitation seasonality that was associated with longitudinal shift in China likely selected for larger stem biomass in S. canadensis. Overall, these results suggest that longitudinal and altitudinal clines in climate exerted strong selection pressures that shaped phenotypic traits of S. canadensis.</p>
Data from: The invasive plant Solidago canadensis exhibits partial local adaptation to low salinity at germination but not at later life‐history stages
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Can polyploidy confer invasive plants with a wider climatic tolerance? A test using Solidago canadensis
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Habitat fragmentation influences genetic diversity and differentiation: Fine-scale population structure of Cercis canadensis (eastern redbud)
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