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1,365 results for “Needs”
Data from: Highly unsaturated fatty acids in nature: what we know and what we need to learn
The supply and demand of omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 HUFA) in natural ecosystems may lead to resource limitation in a diverse array of animal taxa. Here, we review why food quality in terms of ω-3 HUFAs is important, particularly for neural tissue, across a diversity of animal taxa ranging from invertebrate zooplankton to vertebrates (including humans). Our review is focused on ω-3 HUFAs rather than other unsaturated fatty acids because these compounds are especially important biochemically, but scarce in nature. We discuss the dichotomy between ω-3 HUFA availability between aquatic primary producers, which are often rich in these compounds, and terrestrial primary producers, which are contain little to none of them. We describe the use of fatty acids as qualitative and quantitative tracers for reconstructing animal diets in natural ecosystems. Next, we discuss both direct and indirect ecological implications of ω-3 HUFA limitation at the individual, population, food web, and ecosystem scales, which include: changes in behavior, species composition, secondary production rates, trophic transfer efficiency, and cross-ecosystem subsidies. We finish by highlighting future research priorities including a need for more research on ω-3 HUFAs in terrestrial systems, more research their importance for higher order consumers, and more research on the food web and ecosystem-scale effects of ω-3 HUFA limitation.
Data from: Baltic pipefish females need twice as many males as they get
Sex role reversal in 2 pipefish species, Syngnathus typhle and Nerophis ophidion, is potentially explained by females reproducing twice as fast as males. Moreover, in oceanic populations from the Swedish west coast, females compete for males with males preferring to mate with larger females. However, in a brackish Baltic population of S. typhle, males do not prefer larger mates, whereas choosiness remains in the local N. ophidion population. We explore whether this absence of male choice in brackish S. typhle can be explained by males and females having more similar potential reproductive rates here, whereas the sex difference may remain in the local N. ophidion population. Contrary to our expectations, in both species, females out-reproduced males by a factor of more than 2, just as in the oceanic populations. We measured this experimentally as the number of males a female potentially could fill with eggs within the time span of 1 male pregnancy, in relation to males available in nature. Thus, we conclude that sexual selection on females is as strong in brackish as in oceanic populations of both species but that targets of selection via male choice are shifted to traits other than body size in S. typhle. Hence, costs and benefits of choice are probably more important than potential reproductive rates to understand mate choice. We suggest that it may be misleading to use targets of sexual selection, such as choice for large body size, as an indicator of the strength of sexual selection.
Spatial genetic structure in a crustacean herbivore highlights the need for local considerations in Baltic Sea biodiversity management
<p>Incorporating species' eco-evolutionary responses to human-caused disturbances remains a challenge in marine management efforts. A prerequisite is knowledge of geographic structure and scale of genetic diversity and connectivity - the so-called seascape genetic patterns. The Baltic Sea is an excellent model system for studies linking seascape genetics with effects of anthropogenic stress. However, seascape genetic patterns in this area are only described for a few species and are completely unknown for invertebrate herbivores, which constitute a critical part of the ecosystem. This information is crucial for sustainable management, particularly under future scenarios of rapid environmental change. Here, we investigate the population genetic structure among 31 locations throughout the Baltic Sea, of which 45 % were located in marine protected areas, in one of the most important herbivores of this region, the isopod crustacean <i>Idotea balthica</i>, using an array of 33,774 genome-wide SNP markers derived from 2b-RAD sequencing. In addition, we generate a biophysical connectivity matrix for <i>I. balthica</i> from a combination of oceanographic current models and estimated life history traits. We find population structure on scales of hundreds of kilometers across the Baltic Sea, where genomic patterns in most cases closely match biophysical connectivity, indicating passive transport with oceanographic currents as an important mean of dispersal in this species. We also find a reduced genetic diversity in terms of heterozygosity along the main salinity gradient of the Baltic Sea, suggesting periods of low population size. Our results provide crucial information for management of a key ecosystem species under expected changes in temperature and salinity following global climate change in a marine coastal area.</p>
Data from: Prolific observer bias in the life sciences: why we need blind data recording
Observer bias and other "experimenter effects" occur when researchers' expectations influence study outcome. These biases are strongest when researchers expect a particular result, are measuring subjective variables, and have an incentive to produce data that confirm predictions. To minimize bias, it is good practice to work "blind," meaning that experimenters are unaware of the identity or treatment group of their subjects while conducting research. Here, using text mining and a literature review, we find evidence that blind protocols are uncommon in the life sciences and that nonblind studies tend to report higher effect sizes and more significant p-values. We discuss methods to minimize bias and urge researchers, editors, and peer reviewers to keep blind protocols in mind.
FIGURE 5 in A new species of karst forest Bent-toed Gecko (genus Cyrtodactylus Gray) not yet threatened by foreign cement companies and a summary of Peninsular Malaysia's endemic karst forest herpetofauna and the need for its conservation
FIGURE 5. Google Earth photograph of Hutan Lipur Gunung Senyum, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia.
FIGURE 3 in Resurrection of Scolopendra longipes Wood and Scolopendra cubensis Saussure from synonymy with Scolopendra alternans Leach (Chilopoda, Scolopendromorpha, Scolopendridae): an enigmatic species-group needing phylogeographic analysis, with an overview on the origin
FIGURE 3. Sensillia trichodea from ultimate tergite of S. longipes, Florida (Scale Bar = 50 µm).
THE ENTREPRENEURSHIP NEEDS OF VIETNAMESE HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
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The raw data needed for benchmarking the use of Foldseek for structure-based domain annotation
<p>For more information refer to:<br>https://github.com/Pooryamb/BenchmarkingFS </p>
SOCIO – PEDAGOGICAL NEED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPETENCE IN WORKING WITH INFORMATION IN STUDENTS.
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A systematic mapping study addressing the reliability of mobile applications: The need to move beyond testing reliability (Replication package)
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THE NEED TO CONDUCT MARKETING RESEARCH AND DEVELOP APPROACHES IN ENTERPRISES
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Managing Ionising Radiation Risks: The Need for a Broader Context
<p>ICRP is the leading scientific organisation regrouping some of the most recognised RP experts worldwide and has defined for decades the principles and tools to be used by RP professionals. The ICRP has recently embarked on a process to revise its General Recommendations.</p> <p>The Radiological Protection Working Group (RPWG) of the World Nuclear Association, a forum for RP experts in the field of nuclear energy, acknowledges the need to adapt selected parts of the RP system, but recommends considering any reform in a wider context.</p> <p>The overarching aim of the radiological protection is the protection of humans, animals, and the environment from any detrimental health effects due to ionising radiation. Over the years however, the RP community started to understand that the harmful effects of ionising radiation should not be considered in isolation of other types of hazard. As such, the “all-hazard approach” was developed to include all the risks considered for a specific scenario, albeit all too often focused on the local scale only, forgetting the potential implications on the global scale. Climate change originating from anthropomorphic activities is one such risk that is already creating upheaval in our society and is on the move to cause a tremendous impact on our planet in the near future, far more than any small improvement in radiation exposure ever will.</p> <p>The ICRP has the responsibility more than ever to contextualise the realities of our time and to fully understand the potential consequences of any changes or added complexity to our current RP system which may add some small benefits from a health and safety perspective but would penalise nuclear technologies that provide huge benefits to society and an essential tool to reaching carbon neutrality. Consequently, any changes to the current RP system should be subject to a deep impact analysis using a true “all-hazard approach”.</p> <p>The LNT hypothesis, the need for education especially for members of the public towards the risks associated with low doses, the avoidance of over-conservatism, the changes of the system of dose quantities, are some of the many subjects that will need to be very carefully considered bearing in mind the current challenges.</p> <p>Overall, the revision of the general recommendations will need to be simple and practical. The RPWG is willing to collaborate with the ICRP to provide industry input on the practicalities of radiological protection as applied in the nuclear industry.</p>
Supplementary Information - Investment needs to achieve SDGs: an overview
<p>Overview of sources providing investment needs estimates towards SDG achievement</p>
Educational needs assessment for Spine surgeons
<p>A critical step in curriculum development is conducting a needs assessment of learners. An international needs assessment in the form of a set of 15 online questions was designed and circulated in 2017 and in 2021 to the AO Spine community of members and registered users to gather input in five main areas: educational needs in spine pathologies and techniques, required improvements in practice, preferences for types of educational offerings, and profiling information. We received and analyzed 1,204 responses in English during the main reporting period in the 2017 and 1,845 in 2021.</p>
Strong migratory connectivity indicates Willets need subspecies-specific conservation strategies
<p>By combining all available banding and tracking data, we found that Willets (<em>Tringa semipalmata</em>) have strong migratory connectivity between breeding and nonbreeding locations at the range-wide and subspecies levels, exposing the two subspecies to varying threats such as hunting for the eastern subspecies (<em>T. s. semipalmata</em>) and climatically-altered coastal habitats for both subspecies. We found that Western Willets (<em>T. s. inornata</em>) primarily used nonbreeding habitats along the Pacific Coast of the United States, although their reported nonbreeding range extends to the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf Coasts and the Pacific Coast of Central and South America. Eastern Willets wintered in Central and South America, which covers much of the subspecies' known nonbreeding range. By quantifying migratory connectivity within and between two subspecies, we could suggest subspecies-specific threats and potential limiting factors in the breeding and nonbreeding periods of the annual cycle of a declining migratory shorebird. Effective management of the species will likely require a range of conservation strategies across the diverse nonbreeding regions the two subspecies occupy within the United States, Central America, and South America. However, more data are needed from Willets breeding in mid-continent North America to understand the complete extent of overlap of the two subspecies throughout the annual cycle. The strong migratory connectivity documented here highlights the need to manage Willets by subspecies and protect a diversity of breeding and nonbreeding habitats, which will benefit the conservation of other shorebird species that overlap with Willets throughout the annual cycle.</p>
Supplementary material 2 from: Ringelberg JJ, Koenen EJM, Iganci JR, de Queiroz LP, Murphy DJ, Gaudeul M, Bruneau A, Luckow M, Lewis GP, Hughes CE (2022) Phylogenomic analysis of 997 nuclear genes reveals the need for extensive generic re-delimitation in Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae). In: Hughes CE, de Queiroz LP, Lewis GP (Eds) Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae Part 1: New generic delimitations. PhytoKeys 205: 3-58. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.85866
Table S2
Supplementary material 4 from: Ringelberg JJ, Koenen EJM, Iganci JR, de Queiroz LP, Murphy DJ, Gaudeul M, Bruneau A, Luckow M, Lewis GP, Hughes CE (2022) Phylogenomic analysis of 997 nuclear genes reveals the need for extensive generic re-delimitation in Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae). In: Hughes CE, de Queiroz LP, Lewis GP (Eds) Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae Part 1: New generic delimitations. PhytoKeys 205: 3-58. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.85866
Supplementary tree file
Supplementary material 3 from: Ringelberg JJ, Koenen EJM, Iganci JR, de Queiroz LP, Murphy DJ, Gaudeul M, Bruneau A, Luckow M, Lewis GP, Hughes CE (2022) Phylogenomic analysis of 997 nuclear genes reveals the need for extensive generic re-delimitation in Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae). In: Hughes CE, de Queiroz LP, Lewis GP (Eds) Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae Part 1: New generic delimitations. PhytoKeys 205: 3-58. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.85866
Figure S1
Supplementary material 1 from: Ringelberg JJ, Koenen EJM, Iganci JR, de Queiroz LP, Murphy DJ, Gaudeul M, Bruneau A, Luckow M, Lewis GP, Hughes CE (2022) Phylogenomic analysis of 997 nuclear genes reveals the need for extensive generic re-delimitation in Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae). In: Hughes CE, de Queiroz LP, Lewis GP (Eds) Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae Part 1: New generic delimitations. PhytoKeys 205: 3-58. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.85866
Table S1
THE NEED FOR TECHNOLOGICAL EDUCATION IN BASIC EDUCATION AND THE EDUCATIONAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE INNOVATIVE TEACHER
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ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.