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FIGURE 3 in Occurrence, Population Dynamics And Winter Phenology Of Spider Mites And Their Phytoseiid Predators In A Citrus Orchard In Syria

FIGURE 3: Relative abundance of phytoseiid mite species on citrus leaves in the orchard studied in Latakia province, Syria, from mid- August 2013 to the beginning of June 2014.

FIGURE 5 in Occurrence, Population Dynamics And Winter Phenology Of Spider Mites And Their Phytoseiid Predators In A Citrus Orchard In Syria

FIGURE 5: Mean densities of phytoseiid dominant species per citrus leaf (± SE) in the orchard studied in Latakia province, Syria, from mid-August 2013 to the beginning of June 2014.

FIGURE 1 in Occurrence, Population Dynamics And Winter Phenology Of Spider Mites And Their Phytoseiid Predators In A Citrus Orchard In Syria

FIGURE 1: A Phyto trap attached to a twig of citrus tree in the orchard studied in Latakia province, Syria, on October 2013.

FIGURE 4 in Occurrence, Population Dynamics And Winter Phenology Of Spider Mites And Their Phytoseiid Predators In A Citrus Orchard In Syria

FIGURE 4: Relationships between mean densities of Phytoseiidae (all species), E. stipulatus and A. andersoni and mean photophase (a, b, d, respectively); mean densities of A. andersoni and temperature (c).

FIGURE 2 in Occurrence, Population Dynamics And Winter Phenology Of Spider Mites And Their Phytoseiid Predators In A Citrus Orchard In Syria

FIGURE 2: Mean densities of Phytoseiidae and P. citri per citrus leaf (± SE) in the orchard studied in Latakia province, Syria, from

FIGURE 7 in Before the summer turns to winter: the third labidostommatid genus from Baltic amber has subtropical kin

FIGURE 7: Distribution of the fossil E. glaesi and of the four extant species of the genus Eunicolina, shown on paleogeographic map of Europe (c. 40 Mya) (adapted from maps given by Charbit et al. 2007, Swedo, Sontag 2013, Scotese 1997).

FIGURE 6 in Before the summer turns to winter: the third labidostommatid genus from Baltic amber has subtropical kin

FIGURE 6: Genito-anal area: A – Disposition of genital and anal shields (drawn from the extant species E. travei) Aa, Ab: ventral view, female (a), male (b); Ac: male lateral view. Eunicolina glaesi n. sp.: B-C – extremity of the opisthosoma, lateral view (B) and interpretation (Ca, Cb, Cc).

FIGURE 5 in Before the summer turns to winter: the third labidostommatid genus from Baltic amber has subtropical kin

FIGURE 5: Eunicolina glaesi n. sp.: A – Oculo-pustular zone. bo.p: trichobthria, la?: supposed insertion of the la seta; lb: seta lb; ly: post-ocular lyriform organ; B – Detail of the PI tarsus showing the bidactylus claw, one of the two tarsal solnidia (ω). F?: possible famulus of the tarsus. Some insertions of setae are marked by circles.

FIGURE 3 in Before the summer turns to winter: the third labidostommatid genus from Baltic amber has subtropical kin

FIGURE 3:. Eunicolina glaesi n. sp.: A – Dorsal shield, anterior part; B – Detail of the posterior trichobothrium; C – Ventral view of epimeral plates and detail of ornamentation. Abbreviations: AS: additional posterior seate of the infracapitulum; bo.a, bo.p: anterior and posterior bothridia; CH: Chelicera; cha, chb cheliceral setae; gr, la: ocular and lateral setae of the dorsal shield; PI, PII: legs I and II; Pp: palp. ω1: tarsal solenidion of the palp.

FIGURE 1 in Before the summer turns to winter: the third labidostommatid genus from Baltic amber has subtropical kin

FIGURE 1: Eunicolina glaesi n. sp. — A. Lateral view, right side. B. Oculo-pustular zone, details. C. Detail of the cuticle, pattern in the lateral zone. D. Enlarged view of the acetabula IV, showing the villosity in pit PT ("puits tØgumentaire" in Coineau 1964). Abbreviations: BO.A, BO.P: anterior and posterior trichobothria; la, lb: lateral setae of the dorsal shield; da, db, dc: dorsal setae of the dorsal shield; EPI IV: fourth epimeral plate; PI, PIV: first and fourth legs. Star: possible lateral eye.

FIGURE 4 in Before the summer turns to winter: the third labidostommatid genus from Baltic amber has subtropical kin

FIGURE 4: Eunicolina glaesi n. sp.: A – The holotype piece, CHHC 588-13 (Hoffeins collection); B – Lateral view of the specimen of Eunicolina glaesi sp.nov.; C – Ventral view of infracapitulum and leg I.

opencc-zeroOct 2021View details →

Real-time geographic settling of a hybrid zone between the invasive winter moth (Operophtera brumata L.) and the native Bruce spanworm (O. bruceata Hulst)

Hybridization plays an important and underappreciated role in shaping the evolutionary trajectories of species. Following the introduction of a non-native organism to a novel habitat, hybridization with a native congener may affect the probability of establishment of the introduced species. In most documented cases of hybridization between a native and a non-native species, a mosaic hybrid zone is formed, with hybridization occurring heterogeneously across the landscape. In contrast, most naturally occurring hybrid zones are clinal in structure. Here we report on a long-term microsatellite dataset that monitored hybridization between the invasive winter moth, Operophtera brumata (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), and the native Bruce spanworm, O. bruceata, over a 12-year period. Our results document one of the first examples of the real-time formation and geographic settling of a clinal hybrid zone. In addition, by comparing one transect in Massachusetts where extreme winter cold temperatures have been hypothesized to restrict the distribution of winter moth, and one in coastal Connecticut, where winter temperatures are moderated by Long Island Sound, we find that the location of the hybrid zone appears to be independent of environmental variables and maintained under a tension model wherein the stability of the hybrid zone is constrained by population density, reduced hybrid fitness, and low dispersal rates. Documenting the formation of a contemporary clinal hybrid zone may provide important insights into the factors that shaped other well-established hybrid zones.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

Data From: Long-term winter food supplementation shows no significant impact on reproductive performance in Mountain Chickadees in the Sierra Nevada Mountains

Supplemental feeding of wild animal populations is popular across many areas of the world and has long been considered beneficial, especially to avian taxa. Over four billion dollars are spent by hobby bird feeders in the United States each year alone. However, there is mixed evidence whether wildlife feeding is beneficial, including when it is implemented as a conservation management tool, a targeted experimental design, or an avocation. Much of the current evidence suggests that providing supplemental food is advantageous to the reproductive output and general survival of focal taxa. However, many of these studies are limited in scope and duration, leaving possible negative impacts unaddressed. This is particularly true regarding passive backyard feeding, which describes the majority of supplemental feeding, including the immense effort of millions of public enthusiasts. Here we show that winter supplemental feeding prior to reproduction had no significant impact on a range of reproductive parameters in a resident, montane passerine species, the Mountain Chickadee (Poecile gambeli). This population resides in an intact natural environment with no exposure to supplemental food beyond our experimental treatments, and individual birds were tracked across six years using radio frequency identification technology. Our results add to the growing evidence that supplemental feeding alone, isolated from the effects of urban environments, may have little to no impact on the population dynamics of some avian taxa.

opencc-zeroNov 2022View details →

Data from: Agroecological measures in meadows promote honey bee colony development and winter survival

The homogenization of agricultural landscapes has led to a decrease in pollinator diversity and abundance. In response to this decline, farmers have implemented agroecological measures, which, in meadows, aim at providing more floral resources. These measures are the availability of unmown floral strips, delayed mowing, and discouraging the use of the conditioner, a device known to harm insects. The aim of our study was to investigate the cascade of effects of these agroecological measures on honey bee colony development and winter survival. We (i) determined the effect of these measures on colony size during the nectar and pollen collecting season in spring and summer, (ii) evaluated the effect of spring and summer colony sizes on autumn size, and (iii) described the effect of colony size in autumn on winter mortality. In this study, 300 honey bee colonies were monitored over three years in three cantons of Switzerland. Colony size was defined by the number of brood cells and adult workers, Honey bee colony size in summer and autumn were improved by agroecological measures on meadows and likely contributed to the increased overwintering success. This study is a first step towards the targeted identification of viable agroecological measures on temporary meadows that can be implemented to promote honey bee colonies' health in the agricultural landscape.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2022View details →

ChinaWheatYield30m: A 30-m annual winter wheat yield dataset from 2016 to 2021 in China

Generating spatial crop yield information is of great significance for academic research and guiding agricultural policy. Most existing public yield datasets have a coarse spatial resolution. Although these datasets are useful for analyzing regional temporal and spatial change, they cannot deal with spatial heterogeneity, which happens to be the most significant characteristic of the Chinese small-scale farmers' economy. Hence, we generated a 30-m Chinese winter wheat yield dataset (ChinaWheatYield30m) for major winter wheat-producing provinces in China for the period 2016-2021.

opencc-zeroNov 2022View details →

Data for: Grazing effects of wintering geese on grassland yield: A long-term study from NW-Germany

Conflicts between grassland farming and wintering geese stimulated a long-term study on goose-dependent yield losses. In the period 1996-2018 the loss of dry biomass of the first harvest increased from ca. 15 % to 50 % which corresponds with changes in the number and migratory behaviour of the barnacle goose. In contrast we found no decline in grassland yields with increasing number of greater white-fronted geese. The second harvest was not affected by wintering geese. The present study forms the basis for a fair and comprehensible system of compensation payments fo affected farmers.

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

Body mass index does not decline during winter for the sedentary marine gastropod Crepidula fornicata

Extremes in environmental conditions can limit growth and reproduction of animals. Sedentary marine animals are particularly susceptible to winter food limitation since they cannot relocate to more favorable conditions. Winter conditions have been linked to tissue mass declines as high as 70% in several temperate-zone suspension-feeding bivalve species; however, no comparable studies have been conducted on intertidal gastropods. Here, we investigate whether the suspension-feeding intertidal marine gastropod Crepidula fornicata also loses substantial tissue mass during the winter. We calculated body mass index (BMI; mg dry weight/(cm shell length)3) for individuals collected at different times of year for seven years from 2009-2019 and determined whether winter or environmental conditions influenced BMI. Remarkably, C. fornicata body mass did not decline during winter months; indeed, a relatively poorer body condition was associated with higher seawater temperature, higher air temperature and higher chlorophyll concentration. In a laboratory experiment, we found that C. fornicata that were starved for three weeks at 6 °C (local winter seawater temperature) showed no detectable declines in BMI compared to field collected individuals. Future studies should document energy budgets of sedentary marine animals at low winter seawater temperatures, and the impact of short-term elevated temperatures on those energy budgets.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Winter Constellations

Second place in the 2022 IAU OAE Astrophotography Contest, category Time lapses of celestial patterns.   Sirius, the brightest star in the night sky, is shown rising, setting and passing by. Sometimes constellations and asterisms are also visible, including Orion, Taurus and the Pleiades. In the first scene, the aforementioned constellations are covered by a semi-transparent golden veil. The next scenes show it rising in a dark blue night sky. In one of the scenes, a planet brightly decorates the faint constellation Pisces. The videos were taken above various landscapes and places of cultural heritage on Earth. Some of them simply show monuments in the desert, while others show palm trees with waving leaves. Credit: Amirreza Kamkar/IAU OAE (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode">CC BY 4.0</a>)

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

Virginia marsh songbird rope-drag data – winter 2014

Bird species that are restricted to tidal marshes during one or all of their life stages are under increasing pressure from sea-level rise. To date, most of the research focused on this group has been conducted during the breeding season despite the fact that more than half of the annual cycle is spent on wintering grounds and the high likelihood that the winter period is the most critical time for adult survival. We used a double-pass rope-drag technique to estimate the winter abundance of sharp-tailed sparrows (Ammospiza nelson and A. caudacutus collectively), seaside sparrows (A. maritimus) and marsh wrens (Cistothorus palustris) within tidal marshes of Virginia along 102 60×250 m transects between January and March 2014. We used the first pass to remove birds from the transect and the second pass was used to estimate detection probabilities. The technique was highly effective producing detection rates of 98% for sharp-tailed sparrows, 95% for seaside sparrows, and 91% for marsh wrens. We conducted three rounds of surveys and found that species-specific detection rates were comparable when we restricted our analyses to two survey rounds. Availability and abundance estimates deviated to a greater degree than detection rates when restricting data to that collected during only two rounds but confidence intervals overlapped for all three taxa, regardless of which two survey periods were used for the comparison. However, results were less precise when we restricted our analyses to two of three rounds with confidence intervals averaging 13%, 45%, and 14% larger for detection, availability, and abundance respectively. The double-pass rope-drag technique provides an effective, unbiased sampling technique to estimate winter songbird abundance in saltmarsh habitat provided that at least two rounds are used and increasing the number of survey rounds will result in more precise estimates.