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FIGURE 2 in Molecular phylogenetics of species of Bulbophyllum sect. Trias (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae; Malaxidae) based on nrITS and plastid rbcL and matK

FIGURE 2. The phylogenetic tree of Trias and Bulbophyllum based on plastid matK–rbcL sequence. The Bayesian tree of Trias species, Drymoda and 18 Asian Bulbophyllum species with four outgroup species: Dendrobium pullchellum, D. parciflorum, D. rosellum and D. mariae. Numbers above branches are maximum likelihood bootstrap percentage (BP), numbers below branches are Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP). Clades of Trias and Bulbophyllum are indicated.

opennotspecifiedAug 2015View details →

FIGURE 3 in Phylogenetic relationships of Petunia patagonica (Solanaceae) revealed by molecular and biogeographical evidence

FIGURE 3. Representatives of Petunia scheideana (A), Petunia patagonica (B), Fabiana sp. (C), and Nierembergia linariifolia Graham (1821: 378) (D). Photographs by J.R. Stehmann (A, D) and A.A. Cocucci (B, C).

opennotspecifiedAug 2015View details →

FIGURE 2. A in Phylogenetic relationships of Petunia patagonica (Solanaceae) revealed by molecular and biogeographical evidence

FIGURE 2. A. Bayesian tree of tribe Petunieae based on concatenated plastid intergenic spacers (trnS-trnG and trnL-trnF) and internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS). Posterior probabilities values are shown above branches. Petunia highland clade: P. mantiqueirensis, P. bonjardinensis, P. reitzii, P. scheideana, P. saxicola, P. guarapuavensis, P. altiplana, and P. interior. Petunia lowland clade: P. integrigolia subsp. integrifolia, P. integrifolia subsp. depauperata, P. riograndensis, P. littoralis, P. bajeensis, P. inflata, P. axillaris subsp. axillaris, P. axillaris subsp. parodii, P. axillaris subsp. subandina, P. secreta, and P. occidentalis. Circles on nodes represent the most likely ancestral areas obtained with S-DIVA analyses. B. Ancestral area reconstructions for selected nodes (in rows) based on Bayesian binary Markov chain Monte Carlo (BBM). Pie graphs show probabilities of alternative ancestral range, low probability ancestral areas were merged and indicated in black (* Others). Each column shows the results for the different root distribution assumption.

opennotspecifiedAug 2015View details →

FIGURE 1 in Phylogenetic relationships of Petunia patagonica (Solanaceae) revealed by molecular and biogeographical evidence

FIGURE 1. Geographic distribution of P. patagonica relative to those of Fabiana and Petunia genera in South America showing its congruence with Fabiana distribution.

opennotspecifiedOct 2017View details →

FIGURE 1 in The phylogenetic position of Polysiphonia scopulorum (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) based on molecular analyses and morphological observations of specimens from the type locality in Western Australia

FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic tree of the genus Polysiphonia sensu lato and outgroup taxon estimated with Maximum Likelihood (RAxML) analysis of rbcL sequences. Samples in bold type represent our data collected from Rottnest Island, Western Australia, while samples in plain type were downloaded from GenBank. Values at nodes indicate ML bootstrap support (BP) and the scale indicates substitutions per site.

opennotspecifiedOct 2017View details →

FIGURE 2. Polysiphonia scopulorum Harvey. A in The phylogenetic position of Polysiphonia scopulorum (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) based on molecular analyses and morphological observations of specimens from the type locality in Western Australia

FIGURE 2. Polysiphonia scopulorum Harvey. A: Tetrasporophyte (Rottnest Island, Australia; 11 November 2015); B & C: Prostrate axes and numerous erect axes; D: Unicellular rhizoid in open connection (arrowhead) with a pericentral cell and apex of prostrate axes (arrow); E: Unicellular rhizoid in open connection (arrowhead) with pericentral cell and erect axes (arrow); F: Irregular branching pattern; G: Scar cells on erect axes; H: Cross-section of erect axes; I: Discoid rhodoplasts in pericentral cells; J: Apical cell (arrowhead) and endogenous branching (arrows) in erect axes; K–M: Apical cell (arrowhead) and exogenous branching (arrows) in erect axes; N: Apex of erect axes (arrowhead: apical cell); O & P: Trichoblast; Q: Adventitious branch (arrowhead); R: Tetrahedrally divided tetrasporangia; S: Tetrasporangia (arrowheads) and trichoblast or scar cells (arrows); T: Cross-section of tetrasporangial branch (arrowheads: pericentral cells, arrows: presporangial cover cells, t: tetrasporangium, cc: central cell); U: Slightly spiral arrangement of tetrasporangial series (Scale bars: A = 5 mm, B, C, F = 500 μm; D, E, H, I, Q, R, S, T = 50 μm; G, P, U = 100 μm; J–M = 20 μm; N = 30 μm; O = 200 μm).

FIGURE. 4 in Speciation in the genera Anthericum and Chlorophytum (Asparagaceae) in Ethiopia-a molecular phylogenetic approach

FIGURE. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of testa surface ornamentation in members of Chlorophytum. A. Chlorophytum mamillatum (= "shade form" of C. gallabatense), from Ethiopia, Elden et al. 9 (O), B. Chlorophytum comosum from Malawi, Brummitt & Banda 9846 (K), C. Chlorophytum comosum sensu FTEA from Uganda, Lye 5536 (O). D. Chlorophytum gallabatense from Ethiopia, Nordal et al. 2225 (O).

FIGURE. 3. The 50 in Speciation in the genera Anthericum and Chlorophytum (Asparagaceae) in Ethiopia-a molecular phylogenetic approach

FIGURE. 3. The 50 % majority rule consensus phylograms for members of Anthericum and Chlorophytum from Bayesian analyses of (a) the ITS1 matrix with 69 acessions and 389 characters (incl. 72 coded indels), and (b) the concatenated matrix of two plastid (rps16 and trnL-F) DNA regions, 64 accessions and 1230 characters (incl. 89 coded indels). The Bayesian posterior probability values (PP) of at least 0.9 are reported in bold above branches, whereas maximum parsimony jack-knife support (JK) of at least 50 % are reported in italics below branches. Multiple accessions of the same species are numbered according to Table 1. "Morphological" groups (following Bjorå 2008) are indicated with bars to the right. Abbreviations: A. = Anthericum, Bur = Burundi, C. = Chlorophytum, Cam = Cameroon, Cult. = Cultivated, Eth = Ethiopia, Gab = Gabon, Ken = Kenya, SAfr = South Africa, Swi = Switzerland, Tan = Tanzania, WAfr = West Africa, Uga = Uganda, Zam = Zambia, Zim = Zimbabwe. The clades discussed in the text are marked with capital letters. The zigzag branch in each tree represents a manual shortening of long branches to reduce the size of a broad figure. Accessions only present in the ITS1 tree are indicated with an asterisk.

FIGURE 2 in Speciation in the genera Anthericum and Chlorophytum (Asparagaceae) in Ethiopia-a molecular phylogenetic approach

FIGURE 2. Photographs of studied Anthericum and Chlorophytum taxa. A. Anthericum ramosum, B. Anthericum neghellense, C. Chlorophytum subpetiolatum, D. Chlorophytum affine var. affine, E. Chlorophytum pseudocaule, F. Chlorophytum somaliense, G. Chlorophytum geophilum, H. Chlorophytum gallabatense, I. Chlorophytum ducis-aprutii. Photographs: Charlotte S. Bjorå (A), Inger Nordal (B, H, I), Gry S. Hoell (C, D, G), Tesfaye Awas (E), Mike Gilbert (F), Sebsebe Demissew (H).

FIGURE 5 in Speciation in the genera Anthericum and Chlorophytum (Asparagaceae) in Ethiopia-a molecular phylogenetic approach

FIGURE 5. Chlorophytum mamillatum based on Gilbert & Tulin 41 (K). A. Habit. B. Detail of flower. Artist: Svetlana Voronkova.

FIGURE 1. A in Speciation in the genera Anthericum and Chlorophytum (Asparagaceae) in Ethiopia-a molecular phylogenetic approach

FIGURE 1. A. Map of Africa; Horn of Africa, including north-eastern Kenya, highlighted. B. Map of floristic regions in Ethiopia; dots displaying the distribution of Chlorophytum mamillatum ("shade form" of C. gallabatense in FFE). Green circles indicate the two main evolutionary hotspot areas of Chlorophytum.

FIGURE 479 in The morphology and molecular phylogenetics of some marine diatom taxa within the Fragilariaceae, including twenty undescribed species and their relationship to Nanofrustulum, Opephora and Pseudostaurosira

FIGURE 479. Scatter plot on the first two principal component axis of morphometric data for taxa within Serratifera. 80% variations of each species are encircled by an ellipse.

FIGURES 465–471 in The morphology and molecular phylogenetics of some marine diatom taxa within the Fragilariaceae, including twenty undescribed species and their relationship to Nanofrustulum, Opephora and Pseudostaurosira

FIGURES 465–471. Scanning electron micrographs of Stauroforma rinceana (culture SZCZCH1603). Figs 465–466. External views, showing clavate valve with striae consisting of several slit-like areolae extending from valve face to mantle continuously, and short striae (indicated by arrows) near foot pole APFs. Fig. 467. A smaller external view, showing elliptical valve with short striae (indicated by white arrows) near foot APFs and branched volae (indicated by black arrow) projecting from apical side of areolae. Fig. 468. Internal view, showing the absence of rimoportulae. Fig. 469. Close up of a valve, showing head APFs composed by radiate pores from the end of sternum to mantle. Fig. 470. Close up of a valve, showing hyaline area near the apex and foot apical pore field with five observed vertical rows of pores located on valve mantle. Fig. 471. Plain copulae.

FIGURES 459–464 in The morphology and molecular phylogenetics of some marine diatom taxa within the Fragilariaceae, including twenty undescribed species and their relationship to Nanofrustulum, Opephora and Pseudostaurosira

FIGURES 459–464. Scanning electron micrographs of Serratifera sp. 2 (clone SZCZP526). Figs 459–461. External views, showing narrowly-linear sternum and each stria composed of a single transapically-elongate areola (sometimes two) on both valve face and mantle. Fig. 462. Internal view, showing the absence of rimoportulae. Fig. 463. Girdle view, showing spatulate marginal spines associated with swelling base (indicated by arrowhead). Fig. 464. Girdle view, showing plain and open copulae, and fringed structure (indicated by arrowhead) observed at the margin of copula.

FIGURES 443–448 in The morphology and molecular phylogenetics of some marine diatom taxa within the Fragilariaceae, including twenty undescribed species and their relationship to Nanofrustulum, Opephora and Pseudostaurosira

FIGURES 443–448. Scanning electron micrographs of Serratifera sourniae (wild material). Figs 443–447. External views, showing the variations of valve shape as the size decrease, from clavate to elliptical to oval. Fig. 448. Internal view, showing the absence of rimoportulae. Figs 443–448. Wild material from sampling location where the type material collected, Nosy Be coastal zone, Madagascar.

FIGURES 437–442 in The morphology and molecular phylogenetics of some marine diatom taxa within the Fragilariaceae, including twenty undescribed species and their relationship to Nanofrustulum, Opephora and Pseudostaurosira

FIGURES 437–442. Scanning electron micrographs of Serratifera sourniae (type material SZCZE517, including old and young cultures). Fig. 437. External view, showing each stria composed of a single transapically-elongated areola on the valve face, and the presence of granules around the base of marginal spines. Fig. 438. Internal view, showing the absence of rimoportulae. Fig. 439. External view of a larger cell of young culture, showing clavate outline and each stria composed by one transapically-elongated on valve face and one smaller areola on mantle. Fig. 440. A tilted valve, showing the presence of mantle plaques. Fig. 441. Girdle view, showing two smaller areola per stria on valve mantle for oval cell of old culture. Fig. 442. Numerous valves, showing the mixture of clavate and oval cells in young culture.

FIGURES 431–436 in The morphology and molecular phylogenetics of some marine diatom taxa within the Fragilariaceae, including twenty undescribed species and their relationship to Nanofrustulum, Opephora and Pseudostaurosira

FIGURES 431–436. Scanning electron micrographs of Serratifera rhombica (culture s0357 and wild material). Figs 431–433. External views, showing narrowly-lanceolate or linear sternum and complex volae, projecting from transapical (sometimes apical) side of areolae. Figs 434–435. Internal views, showing the absence of rimoportulae. Fig. 436. Girdle view, showing plain copulae and much wider valvocopulae. Figs 431–432, 434. Wild material from the coast of Nosy Be Island, Madagascar.

FIGURE 478 in The morphology and molecular phylogenetics of some marine diatom taxa within the Fragilariaceae, including twenty undescribed species and their relationship to Nanofrustulum, Opephora and Pseudostaurosira

FIGURE 478. Scatter plot on the first two principal component axis of morphometric data for taxa within Gedaniella. 80% variations of each species are encircled by an ellipse.

FIGURES 420–424 in The morphology and molecular phylogenetics of some marine diatom taxa within the Fragilariaceae, including twenty undescribed species and their relationship to Nanofrustulum, Opephora and Pseudostaurosira

FIGURES 420–424. Scanning electron micrographs of Serratifera parkii (culture HK507). Fig. 420. External view, showing narrowly-linear sternum and each stria constituted by single round areola on both valve face and mantle. Fig. 421. Internal view, showing the absence of rimoportulae. Fig. 422. Oblique valve, showing the swelling (indicated by arrowhead) of the base associated with marginal spines. Fig. 423. A copula, showing fringed structures (indicated by arrowhead) observed at the margin of copula. Fig. 424. Plain and open copulae.

FIGURES 405–412 in The morphology and molecular phylogenetics of some marine diatom taxa within the Fragilariaceae, including twenty undescribed species and their relationship to Nanofrustulum, Opephora and Pseudostaurosira

FIGURES 405–412. Scanning electron micrographs of Serratifera namibica (culture SZCZP88 and wild material). Fig. 405. Girdle view of a frustule, showing one row of areolae located on mantle. Figs 406–409. External views, showing narrowly-linear sternum and striae consisting of single, sometimes double row of areola (fig. 406) on valve face and one areola on mantle. Fig. 410. Internal view, showing the absence of rimoportulae. Fig. 411. External valve of a small specimen, showing areolae occluded by complex volae, projecting from transapical side of areolae. Fig. 412. A frustule, showing plain copulae, and fringed structure (indicated by arrowhead) observed at the margin of copula. Figs 406–409, 412. Wild material from Sandwich Harbour, Namibia.