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Nunataryuk Session "Indigenous Peoples, science and climate change in the Arctic: lessons learned and a way forward" at ICASS X
<p>Permafrost coasts in the whole Arctic represent 34% of the world's coasts (Lantuit et al., 2012) and a key interface for human-environmental interactions. These coasts provide essential ecosystem services, exhibit high biodiversity and productivity, and support indigenous lifestyles. At the same time, this coastal zone is a dynamic and vulnerable zone of expanding infrastructure investment and growing health concerns. Climate change is affecting this fragile environment by triggering coastal landscape instability and increased hazard exposure (Forbes et al., 2011). Permafrost thaw in combination with increasing sea level and changing sea-ice cover expose the Arctic coastal and nearshore areas to rapid changes (Fritz et al. 2017). Since 2017, scientists from the Nunataryuk Project are working in cooperation with local communities in order to identify the impacts of thawing land, coast and subsea permafrost on the global climate and on humans in the Arctic and to develop targeted and co-designed adaptation and mitigation strategies.</p>
Data from: Compact cities or sprawling suburbs? optimising the distribution of people in cities to maximise species diversity
1. Conservation of biodiversity in urban environments depends on the responses of species to the intensity of urban development. 'Land sharing' and 'land sparing' represent alternate ends of a gradient that conceptualises a trade-off between the human population and biodiversity. We used a linear optimisation procedure to 1) identify the optimal allocation of land for people and nature, 2) assess whether the optimal allocation is more similar to land sparing or land sharing, and 3) examine how this might change under scenarios of human population growth. 2. We surveyed birds in 28 landscapes, each 25 ha in size, along a gradient of human population density (zero to ~1600 persons/25 ha) in the Greater Melbourne region, Australia. Species' responses to population density were estimated using generalised additive models (GAMs). These relationships were then used to determine the optimal allocation of land among different categories of population density based on maximising a community index, the geometric mean of relative abundance (G) of bird species. 3. Human population density was an important driver of the reporting rate for 28 species. Response curves differed among 'urban avoider', 'urban adapter' and 'urban exploiter' species. For the current human population in the study area, optimal allocation of land included elements of both land sharing and land sparing. However, for scenarios of increased population size, optimal allocation converged upon a land sparing design. 5. Synthesis and applications. Urban areas represent a mosaic of land uses that offer habitats of differing quality. Land sharing, based on sustaining biota amongst residential areas, performed poorly under all scenarios due to its inability to support species that depend on natural or semi-natural habitat. To sustain more than a homogenised avifauna in urban regions, large tracts of natural vegetation are needed within, or adjacent to, the urban environment. Protecting natural areas on urban fringes will be critical to the safeguarding of nature in the future as urban populations and land-use inevitably expand.
Data from: Missing the people for the trees: identifying coupled natural-human system feedbacks driving the ecology of Lyme disease
1. Infectious diseases are rapidly emerging and many are increasing in incidence across the globe. Processes of land-use change, notably habitat loss and fragmentation, have been widely implicated in emergence and spread of zoonoses such as Lyme disease, yet evidence remains equivocal. 2. Here we discuss and apply an innovative approach from the social sciences, instrumental variables, that seeks to tease out causality from observational data. Using this approach, we revisit the effect of forest fragmentation on Lyme disease incidence, focusing on human interaction with fragmented landscapes. Though human interaction with infected ticks is of clear and fundamental importance to human disease incidence, human activities that influence exposure have been nearly universally overlooked in the ecology literature. 3. Using county-level land-use and Lyme disease incidence data for ~800 counties from the northeastern United States over the span of a decade, we illustrate (1) human interaction with fragmented forest landscapes reliably predicts Lyme disease incidence, while ecological measures of forest fragmentation alone are unreliable predictors and (2) that identifying the effect of forest fragmentation on human disease requires addressing the feedback between Lyme disease risk and human decisions to avoid interaction with high-risk landscapes. 4. Synthesis and applications. The innovative approach and novel results help to clarify the equivocal literature on forest fragmentation and Lyme disease, and illustrate the key role that human behavior may be playing in the ecology of Lyme disease in North America. Accounting for human activity and behavior in the ecology of disease more broadly may result in improved understanding of both the ecological drivers of disease, as well as actionable intervention strategies to reduce disease burden in a changing world. For example, our model results have practical implications for land-use policy aimed at disease reduction. Our model suggests land use regulations that reduce parcel size would be an actionable approach for policy makers concerned about increasing Lyme disease incidence in the northeastern US.10-Oct-2018
Data from: Labor market integration of people with disabilities: results from the Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Cohort Study
Objectives: We aimed to describe labor market participation (LMP) of persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) in Switzerland, to examine potential determinants of LMP, and to compare LMP between SCI and the general population. Methods: We analyzed data from 1458 participants of employable age from the cross-sectional community survey of the Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Cohort Study. Data on LMP of the Swiss general population were obtained from the Swiss Federal Statistics Office. Factors associated with employment status as well as the amount of work performed in terms of full-time equivalent (FTE) were examined with regression techniques. Results: 53.4% of the participants were employed at the time of the study. Adjusted odds of being employed were increased for males (OR=1.73, 95% CI 1.33 - 2.25) and participants with paraplegia (OR=1.78, 95% CI 1.40 - 2.27). The likelihood of being employed showed a significant concave relationship with age, peaking at age 40. The relation of LMP with education was s-shaped, while LMP was linearly related to time since injury. On average, employment rates were 30% lower than in the general population. Males with tetraplegia aged between 40 and 54 showed the greatest difference. From the 771 employed persons, the majority (81.7%) worked part-time with a median of 50% FTE (IRQ: 40%-80%). Men, those with younger age, higher education, incomplete lesions, and non-traumatic etiology showed significantly increased odds of working more hours a week. Significantly more people worked part-time than in the general population with the greatest difference found for males with tetraplegia aged between 40 and 54. Conclusions: LMP of persons with SCI is comparatively high in Switzerland. LMP after SCI is, however, considerably lower than in the general population. Future research needs to show whether the reduced LMP in SCI reflects individual capacity adjustment, contextual constraints or both on higher LMP.
Data from: Cost-effectiveness of a specialist geriatric medical intervention for frail older people discharged from acute medical units: economic evaluation in a two-centre randomised controlled trial (AMIGOS)
Background: Poor outcomes and high resource-use are observed for frail older people discharged from acute medical units. A specialist geriatric medical intervention, to facilitate Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment, was developed to reduce the incidence of adverse outcomes and associated high resource-use in this group in the post-discharge period. Objective: To examine the costs and cost-effectiveness of a specialist geriatric medical intervention for frail older people in the 90 days following discharge from an acute medical unit, compared with standard care. Methods: Economic evaluation was conducted alongside a two-centre randomised controlled trial (AMIGOS). 433 patients (aged 70 or over) at risk of future health problems, discharged from acute medical units within 72 hours of attending hospital, were recruited in two general hospitals in Nottingham and Leicester, UK. Participants were randomised to the intervention, comprising geriatrician assessment in acute units and further specialist management, or to control where patients received no additional intervention over and above standard care. Primary outcome was incremental cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained. Results: We undertook cost-effectiveness analysis for 417 patients (intervention: 205). The difference in mean adjusted QALYs gained between groups at 3 months was -0.001 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.009, 0.007). Total adjusted secondary and social care costs, including direct costs of the intervention, at 3 months were £4412 (€5624, $6878) and £4110 (€5239, $6408) for the intervention and standard care groups, the incremental cost was £302 (95% CI: 193, 410) [€385, $471]. The intervention was dominated by standard care with probability of 62%, and with 0% probability of cost-effectiveness (at £20,000/QALY threshold). Conclusions: The specialist geriatric medical intervention for frail older people discharged from acute medical unit was not cost-effective. Further research on designing effective and cost-effective specialist service for frail older people discharged from acute medical units is needed.
Data from: Economic evaluation of a general hospital unit for older people with delirium and dementia (TEAM randomised controlled trial)
Background: One in three hospital acute medical admissions is of an older person with cognitive impairment. Their outcomes are poor and the quality of their care in hospital has been criticised. A specialist unit to care for older people with delirium and dementia (the Medical and Mental Health Unit, MMHU) was developed and then tested in a randomised controlled trial where it delivered significantly higher quality of, and satisfaction with, care, but no significant benefits in terms of health status outcomes at three months. Objective: To examine the cost-effectiveness of the MMHU for older people with delirium and dementia in general hospitals, compared with standard care. Methods: Six hundred participants aged over 65 admitted for acute medical care, identified on admission as cognitively impaired, were randomised to the MMHU or to standard care on acute geriatric or general medical wards. Cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained, at 3-month follow-up, was assessed in trial-based economic evaluation (599/600 participants, intervention: 309). Multiple imputation and complete-case sample analyses were employed to deal with missing QALY data (55%). Results: The total adjusted health and social care costs, including direct costs of the intervention, at 3 months was £7714 and £7862 for MMHU and standard care groups, respectively (difference -£149 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -298, 4)). The difference in QALYs gained was 0.001 (95% CI: -0.006, 0.008). The probability that the intervention was dominant was 58%, and the probability that it was cost-saving with QALY loss was 39%. At £20,000/QALY threshold, the probability of cost-effectiveness was 94%, falling to 59% when cost-saving QALY loss cases were excluded. Conclusions: The MMHU was strongly cost-effective using usual criteria, although considerably less so when the less acceptable situation with QALY loss and cost savings were excluded. Nevertheless, this model of care is worthy of further evaluation.
Data from: Disparity in preemptive end-of-life conversation experience caused by subjective economic status among general Japanese elderly people: a cross-sectional study with stratified random sampling
Objectives: Preemptive conversations (PCs) about end-of-life (EOL) preferences are beneficial for both elderly people and their families to understand and share the preferences. However, the factors which promote/inhibit PCs have yet to be clarified. We therefore aimed to determine the factors related to having PCs with hypothesis that age, subjective economic status and subjective health status are associated with having PC experience. Design: A cross-sectional study administering a questionnaire and using stratified random sampling by gender and region. Setting: Residents aged 65 years or older who were not receiving nursing care as of November 1, 2016, were extracted from the Japanese long-term care insurance system registry in Koriyama City, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. Participants: 1,575 participants (717 males and 858 females). Outcome: Presence or absence of PC experience with family or friends (yes/no). Results: The mean age of the participants was 74.0 years. A multivariable logistic-regression analysis revealed that having PC experience was significantly associated with gender (OR = 1.907; 95% CI = 1.556, 2.337; p < 0.001), subjective economic status (OR = 0.832; 95% CI = 0.716, 0.966; p=0.016), and subjective happiness (OR = 0.926; 95% CI = 0.880, 0.973; p=0.003). Conclusions: Poor subjective economic status of elderly people may result in absence of EOL conversation experience with their families and friends, hindering the elderly from sharing and understanding the EOL preferences. To promote PCs about EOL, gerontology and public health professionals should give special consideration to the subjective economic status of elderly people.
Housing Northern People
Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
FIGURES 1–3. Morishitium urocissae n in Key to the species of Morishitium Wienberg, 1928 (Cyclocoelidae), with the description of a new species from the red-billed blue magpie, Urocissa erythrorhyncha (Boddaert) (Corvidae) from Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
FIGURES 1–3. Morishitium urocissae n. sp. from the red-billed blue magpie, Urocissa erythrorhyncha. 1. Ventral view of fully mature adult. 2. Composite drawing of cirrus sac and seminal vesicle showing and cirrus and location of the genital pore, ventral view. 3. Composite drawing of female genital complex, ventral view.
FIGURE 8 in A new genus and species of xenodermatid snake (Squamata: Caenophidia: Xenodermatidae) from northern Lao People's Democratic Republic
FIGURE 8. General view of the biotope of Parafimbrios lao at the type locality in Louangphabang Province, Laos. Photograph: A. Teynié.
FIGURE 6 in A new genus and species of xenodermatid snake (Squamata: Caenophidia: Xenodermatidae) from northern Lao People's Democratic Republic
FIGURE 6. Comparative general views in life: A) Fimbrios klossi, Paksong, Champasak Province, Laos and B) Parafimbrios lao spec. nov. (MNHN 2013.1002), Muang Ngoi, Ngoi District, Louangphabang Province, Laos. Photographs: A. Teynié.
FIGURE 4 in A new genus and species of xenodermatid snake (Squamata: Caenophidia: Xenodermatidae) from northern Lao People's Democratic Republic
FIGURE 4. Parafimbrios lao spec. nov., the second specimen in life in natural biotope, Vieng Xai District District, Houaphan Province, Laos: A) View of head and B) Close-up view of the body showing dorsal ranks of scales. Note the two dorsal rows above each ventral scale, an almost unique condition in snakes that is also present in the monotypic genus Xenodermus of the same family. Photographs: A. Teynié.
FIGURE 5 in A new genus and species of xenodermatid snake (Squamata: Caenophidia: Xenodermatidae) from northern Lao People's Democratic Republic
FIGURE 5. Views of head of Parafimbrios lao spec. nov compared with those of the two known species of the genus Fimbrios: Parafimbrios lao spec. nov., holotype (MNHN 2013.1002): A) dorsal view and B) lateral view; C) Fimbrios klossi, Paksong, Champasak Province, Laos; and D) Fimbrios smithi, holotype (IEBR 3157), Phong Nha–Ke Bang National Park, Quang Binh Province, Vietnam. Photographs: A. Teynié (A–C) and T. Ziegler (D).
FIGURE 3 in A new genus and species of xenodermatid snake (Squamata: Caenophidia: Xenodermatidae) from northern Lao People's Democratic Republic
FIGURE 3. Parafimbrios lao spec. nov., holotype (MNHN 2013.1002), alive in its natural biotope, Ngoi District, Louangphabang Province, Laos: A) General view and B) Close-up view of head. Photographs: A. Teynié.
FIGURE 2 in A new genus and species of xenodermatid snake (Squamata: Caenophidia: Xenodermatidae) from northern Lao People's Democratic Republic
FIGURE 2. Parafimbrios lao spec. nov., holotype (MNHN 2013.1002): A) Close-up view of the head and of the dorsal scalation at midbody and B) Ventral view. Photographs: A. Teynié.
FIGURE 1 in A new genus and species of xenodermatid snake (Squamata: Caenophidia: Xenodermatidae) from northern Lao People's Democratic Republic
FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic hypothesis based on the maximum likelihood. Numbers above and under branches are MP / ML bootstrap values and Bayesian posterior probabilities, respectively. Asterisk represents 100% BP value or 1 PP value.
FIGURE 7 in A new genus and species of xenodermatid snake (Squamata: Caenophidia: Xenodermatidae) from northern Lao People's Democratic Republic
FIGURE 7. Comparative distributions of Parafimbrios lao with species of the genus Fimbrios: Parafimbrios lao: (1) Ngoi District, Luangphrabang Province, Laos (type locality); (2) Vieng Xai district, Houaphan Province. - Fimbrios smithi: (3) Phong Nha—Ke Bang National Park, Quang Binh Province, Vietnam (type locality). - Fimbrios klossi: Vietnam: (4) Quang Tri Province, (5) Thua Thien—Hue Province, (6) Kon Tum Province, (7) Quang Ngai Province, (8) Gia Lai Province, (9) Dak Lak Province, (10) Langbian Plateau, Lam Dong Province (type locality); Laos: (11) Paksong, Boloven Highlands, Champasak Province; and Cambodia: (12) Bokor, Kampot Province (Notes: Orlov et al. [2003] mentioned only provincial records of Fimbrios klossi in southern Vietnam without precise localities. As a consequence, corresponding numbers (localities Nr 4 to 6) are placed approximately in the centre of the corresponding provinces.
Young people's burden: Data files
<p>We post here the datasets used to create the figures in the journal article by Hansen, Sato, Kharecha, von Schuckmann, et al. (2017), "Young people's burden: requirement of negative CO2 emissions", published in the journal Earth System Dynamics, vol. 8., pp 577-616, doi:10.5194/esd-8-577-2017.</p> <p>The equation used to compute the temperature change shown in Figure 12 is given in the text as Equation (1).</p>
Dataset related to diabetes phase 2 of the project "Transition care between adolescent and adult services for young people with chronic health needs in Italy", funded by the Italian Ministry of Health (RF-2019-12371228).
<p>Dataset related to diabetes phase 2 of the project "Transition care between adolescent and adult services for young people with chronic health needs in Italy", funded by the Italian Ministry of Health (RF-2019-12371228).</p>
Fig. 1 in People-inspired names remain valuable
Fig. 1 | Proportion of eponyms in species of plants and fungi from Brazil and c, Nationality of lead authors of the species descriptions in b. In Mozambique,no terrestrial vertebrates in Mozambique.a, At least 14,445 out of 73,576 names description of a terrestrial vertebrate has been led by a country national, and only of Brazilian plants and fungi are potential eponyms, but the proportion of people five eponyms honour nationals from its former colonizing country (Portugal). honoured 50 or more times (most of Whom could be classified as colonizers) has The categories Germany/Russia, Germany/UK and UK/south Africa refer to decreased over the past 150 years.b, Countries Whose nationals provide eponyms authors With dual nationalities.The supplementary Information provides the to terrestrial vertebrates that occur in Mozambique. Of the 1,295 names analysed, underlying data and details on methods and data sources. 94% of birds, 79% of mammals,78% of lizards and 64% of frogs are not eponyms.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.