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FIGURE 6. Amphithyris comitodentis n in Revision of the brachiopod genus Amphithyris (Rhynchonelliformea: Platidiidae) with descriptions of two new species

FIGURE 6. Amphithyris comitodentis n. sp. A–C. Holotype NIWA 92391. A. Dorsal valve interior, showing low median septum. B. Ventral valve interior. C. Detail of B showing teeth in parallel orientation to hinge line highlighted by dashed lines. D. Paratype ZMB Bra 2054, ventral valve interior showing imprints of capillae and tooth orientation. E–F. Paratype ZMB Bra 2353. E. Ventral valve exterior with concentric growth lines. F. Close-up of ventral protegulum showing a wrinkled surface. Scale bars: A–E = 200µm; F = 20µm.

FIGURE 4 in Revision of the brachiopod genus Amphithyris (Rhynchonelliformea: Platidiidae) with descriptions of two new species

FIGURE 4. Amphithyris parva MacKinnon, Hiller, Long & Marshall, 2008. A–F. Paratype NMNZ Br 1069. A. Dorsal valve interior showing absence of median septum. B. Close-up of dorsal interior with large amphithyrid foramen. C. Dorsal valve exterior with weak capillae. D. Ventral valve interior. E. Close-up ventral valve interior showing long straight hinge line. F. Ventral exterior with weak capillae. Scale bars = 200µm.

FIGURE 2. Amphithyris hallettensis Foster, 1974. A–F. Paratype USNM I 550094C. A. Dorsal valve interior showing median septum. B in Revision of the brachiopod genus Amphithyris (Rhynchonelliformea: Platidiidae) with descriptions of two new species

FIGURE 2. Amphithyris hallettensis Foster, 1974. A–F. Paratype USNM I 550094C. A. Dorsal valve interior showing median septum. B. Close-up of dorsal median septum. C. Close-up of dorsal valve interior. D. Ventral valve interior showing slight imprints of capillae. E. Close-up of ventral valve interior. F. Ventral valve exterior with endopunctae visible. Samples not sputter coated and SEM back-scatter images in environmental mode. Scale bars = 200µm.

FIGURE 3 in Revision of the brachiopod genus Amphithyris (Rhynchonelliformea: Platidiidae) with descriptions of two new species

FIGURE 3. Amphithyris richardsonae Campbell and Fleming, 1981; Holotype NZGS BR 2277. A. Ventral valve exterior with faint capillae and growth lines. Note the unusual width of the shell. B. Close-up of the ventral valve showing punctae and two tubercles ("hollow spinules"). C. Ventral valve interior showing small teeth and mid-valve muscle scars. Samples not sputter coated and SEM back-scatter images in environmental mode. Scale bars = 200 µm.

FIGURE 1. Coral rock with attached brachiopod specimens, ZMB Bra 2235 in Revision of the brachiopod genus Amphithyris (Rhynchonelliformea: Platidiidae) with descriptions of two new species

FIGURE 1. Coral rock with attached brachiopod specimens, ZMB Bra 2235. White crosses indicate the position of specimens of A. cavernicola n. sp. Scale bar = 5 cm.

FIGURE 4. Google Earth 2015 in Checklist of Recent thecideoid brachiopods from the Indian Ocean and Red Sea, with a description of a new species of Thecidellina from Europa Island and a re-description of T. blochmanni Dall from Christmas Island

FIGURE 4. Google Earth 2015 Digital Globe map of Christmas Island, showing collecting areas for Thecidellina blochmanni and T. cf. blochmanni at Flying Fish Cove and West White Beach (Bay), respectively. Flying Fish Cove coordinates are lat. 10° 25'S, long. 105° 40'E.

FIGURE 2 in Checklist of Recent thecideoid brachiopods from the Indian Ocean and Red Sea, with a description of a new species of Thecidellina from Europa Island and a re-description of T. blochmanni Dall from Christmas Island

FIGURE 2. NASA image IS-5005-E-9408 of Europa Island, showing collecting locality Anse Gabriel (AG). Centre Point coordinates are lat. 22° 30'S, long. 40° 30'E.

FIGURE 3. Thecidellina blochmanni Dall, 1920 in Checklist of Recent thecideoid brachiopods from the Indian Ocean and Red Sea, with a description of a new species of Thecidellina from Europa Island and a re-description of T. blochmanni Dall from Christmas Island

FIGURE 3. Thecidellina blochmanni Dall, 1920 (A–O). A–E. SEMs of different views of the dorsal valve of the suggested neotype ZMB Bra 205 from Flying Fish Cove, Christmas Island. F–J. SEMs of similar views of a young specimen, topotype ZMB Bra 204 from the same locality. K–O SEMs of similar views of WAM 211798 specimen identified here as T. cf. blochmanni from West White Beach, Christmas Island. All specimens show the cardinal process of the dorsal valve with prominent median keel, large diductor scars with elevated median ridge, and massive calcitic deposits, ("bouffant-like" in 3K) in anterior part of brachial lobes. See text for dimensions. All specimens in MfN, Berlin.

FIGURE 1 in Checklist of Recent thecideoid brachiopods from the Indian Ocean and Red Sea, with a description of a new species of Thecidellina from Europa Island and a re-description of T. blochmanni Dall from Christmas Island

FIGURE 1. Thecidellina europa sp. nov., all specimens from Anse Gabriel, cave, 55m, Europa Island. A–H. Holotype, A. External view, showing both valves. B. Valves of previous specimen separated to show internal details of the ventral valve. C– D. Cardinal area of previous specimen tilted and enlarged to show planodeltidium, teeth, hemispondylium and curved prongs. E–H. Interior of dorsal valve of holotype. E. Showing details of the median septum and deep visceral cavities. F–G. Enlargement of posterior end of dorsal valve, showing cardinal process, spur (sp) and part of the brachial bridge. H. Side view, showing shell sloping upwards posteriorly and details of the median septum and tuberculate shell. I. Paratype 1, dorsal valve interior, showing lophophore, median septum and cardinal process with diductor muscles attached. J. Paratype 2, dorsal valve interior with cardinal process, bridge and spine, K. Paratype 3, ventral valve interior showing deep visceral cavities separated by prominent central ridge. L. Paratype 4, dorsal valve interior with finely spiculate canopy. M. Paratype 5, ventral valve interior, showing tooth (t), lateral adductor muscles (a), submedian adductor muscles (s) diductor muscles (d), and prongs (p), the latter attached to a flat hemispondylium centrally placed and attached to the valve floor. N. Paratype 6, dorsal valve showing cluster of diductor (d) muscles attached to the cardinal process. O. Paratype 7, ventral valve hinge area, showing same muscles as in M but with the proximal termination of the hemispondylium (hs) curled up free of the valve floor. All figures are scanning electron micrographs. See text for dimensions and specimen numbers. All specimens in NBM, Saint John.

FIGURE 1 in Melvicalathis, a new brachiopod genus (Terebratulida: Chlidonophoridae) from deep sea volcanic substrates, and the biogeographic significance of the midocean ridge system *

FIGURE 1. The midocean ridge systems and geographic distributions of Melvicalathis macroctena (Zezina, 1981), and species of the related chlidonophorid brachiopod, Bathynanus (star symbols). Note the concentration along areas of probable hard rock substrates. The two stations of "Academic Kurchatov" (type locality) are adjacent to and on the Nazca Ridge. Key to symbols: "Academic Kurchatov", RV " Melville", FS "SONNE", "Eltanin" Cruise.

FIGURE 4 in Melvicalathis, a new brachiopod genus (Terebratulida: Chlidonophoridae) from deep sea volcanic substrates, and the biogeographic significance of the midocean ridge system *

FIGURE 4. Melvicalathis macroctena (Zezina, 1981) from the Galapagos Spreading Centre. A. Interior of dorsal valve of ZMB Bra 2014 showing descending branches of crura with incomplete transverse band, and internal ridges corresponding to external costal troughs. B. Closeup of previous photograph to show details of descending branches and incomplete loop. C. Spicular skeleton after dissolution of soft tissue. D. Closeup of triangular costae showing numerous closely spaced growth lines. E. Closeup of a valve of Eucalathis to show typical beaded tuberculate costae for comparison with D.

FIGURE 5. A–B in Melvicalathis, a new brachiopod genus (Terebratulida: Chlidonophoridae) from deep sea volcanic substrates, and the biogeographic significance of the midocean ridge system *

FIGURE 5. A–B. Line drawings of Melvicalathis macroctena (Zezina, 1981) from the type locality, south east Pacific. A. View of lophophore from the ventral side. B. View of lophophore from the dorsal side. C. Schematic illustration of the cryptic habit of Melvicalathis macroctena around the walls of small tabular voids immediately beneath basalt flow surfaces. The tubes with the brachiopods were found in larger boulders of fresh, glassy basalt at RV Melville Stn #116, Southeast Indian Ridge. D. Sketch of attachment of Melvicalathis on hard substrate and probable current system around lophophore. Key. 1, place where the lophophore was removed from the mantle and the dorsal body wall—internal details are seen through the transparent ventral wall of the lophophore; 2, mouth; 3, lip; 4, transparent (soft) dorsal wall of the

FIGURE 3 in Melvicalathis, a new brachiopod genus (Terebratulida: Chlidonophoridae) from deep sea volcanic substrates, and the biogeographic significance of the midocean ridge system *

FIGURE 3. Melvicalathis macroctena (Zezina, 1981) from the Southeast Indian Ridge. A. Interior of AU B320 showing small cardinal process, internal view of costae, and correspondence between costae and scalloped margin. B. Lateral view of AU B320 showing slightly biconvex valves and strongly attrite beak. C. Posterior view of AU B320 to show hypothyrid foramen and costae. D. Closeup of C, showing pedicle collar, teeth and punctae. E. Closeup of ventral valve of AU B321 showing pedicle collar, teeth, and very narrow deltidial plates. F. Closeup of dorsal valve of AU B321 showing retracted dried pedicle, sockets and socket ridges, proximal end of crura, and part of dried lophophore. G. Lateral view of AU B321 to show rounded, ventrallydirected crural processes and dried lophophore.

FIGURE 6 in Melvicalathis, a new brachiopod genus (Terebratulida: Chlidonophoridae) from deep sea volcanic substrates, and the biogeographic significance of the midocean ridge system *

FIGURE 6. Melvicalathis macroctena (Zezina, 1981) from the Southeast Indian Ridge A. Closeup of AU B320 to show detail of angular costae, triangular in cross section, numerous closely spaced growth lines, and small, evenly spaced punctae. B. Closeup of costae showing quincunx arrangement of punctae. C. Interior of valve margin to show shell fibres, punctae and slightly tuberculate margin.

opennotspecifiedDec 2017View details →

FIGURE 1. A–B in Recent brachiopods from the South China Sea, NW Pacific

FIGURE 1. A–B. Terebratulina japonica (Sowerby, 1846), dorsal views of complete specimens, stn DW 4125, 305–306 m, SEM, MNHN IB-2013-640. C–G. Macandrevia sp., one complete specimen, stn CP 4123, 1612–1665 m, MNHN IB-2013-641. C–D. Dorsal and lateral views of complete specimen. E–F. Ventral valve of the same specimen, posterior part of interior and tilted view to show strong dental plates, SEM. G. Interior view of dorsal valve to show cardinalia, SEM. H–R. Nipponithyris afra Cooper, 1973, stn CP 4130, 795–822 m. H–M. Dorsal, lateral and anterior views of two complete specimens, MNHN BI-2013-642. N–O. Posterior part of ventral valve interior and tilted view to show swollen bases and grooves to accommodate inner socket ridges, SEM, MNHN BI-2013- 643. P. Interior of dorsal valve, partly broken loop visible, SEM, MNHN BI-2013-644. Q–R. Posterior part of dorsal valve interior and enlargement to show details of strongly thickened cardinalia, SEM MNHN BI-2013-645.

opencc-by-nc-1.0Jan 2018View details →

Brachiopod - Kirkidium knighti

# SHCMS:G.12015 **Kirkidium knighti** Assemblage of Silurian brachiopod valves from Shropshire. Most of these are disarticulated specimens however complete specimens do occur from the same Bringewood Formation. Age: approx 420 million years. Length 12cm Width 8.1cm Depth 8.1cm. Imaged using a canon 5DS R and Stackshot 3x with turntable to provide 114 images which were then processed using agisoft photoscan at high levels. If you like this model or any others we produce we'd love to hear from you and how you've used them. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab

Figure 9 in Ontogeny and evolutionary significance of a new acrotretide brachiopod genus from Cambrian Series 2 of South China

Figure 9. Ontogenetic development of pedicle foramen of Palaeotreta zhujiahensis from the Shuijingtuo Formation of western Hubei. A, enlarged pedicle notch of Figure 8A; B, juvenile with unrestricted pedicle notch, showing raised propareas (arrows), ELI-AJH 8-2-3 AC-11; C, posterior view of Figure 8B; D, 'U'-shaped pedicle notch, note the growth of propareas at the posterior margin of metamorphic shell (arrow); E, F, 'U'-shaped pedicle foramen is soon to be enclosed, note the growth of propareas (arrow); G, enclosed pedicle foramen with short intertrough, ELI-AJH 8-2-D AD2-12; H, larger adult showing pedicle foramen outside the metamorphic shell, ELI-AJH 8-2-3 CD2-02; I, enlargement of propareas growing at the posterior margin of metamorphic shell and lateral sides of pedicle foramen of G; J, lateral view of I, note propareas growth (arrow); K, posterior view, showing pedicle foramen mostly located outside the metamorphic shell, box indicates the area shown in L, ELI-AJH 8-2-3 AC-22; L, enlarged view showing propareas growth (arrow); M, enlargement of propareas at the posterior margin of metamorphic shell, note pedicle foramen (arrow), ELI-AJH 8-2-1 AE-09; N, pitting structures on metamorphic shell, ELI-AJH 8-2-1 AE-09; O, P, enlarged secondary columnar layer, ELI-AJH 8-2-1 AE-09, ELI-AJH 8-2-1 CE-03.

Figure 10 in Ontogeny and evolutionary significance of a new acrotretide brachiopod genus from Cambrian Series 2 of South China

Figure 10. Ontogenetic scheme of Palaeotreta and Eohadrotreta from Cambrian Series 2 of South China, demonstrating transitions of important characters during different ontogenetic stages (modified from Z.-L. Zhang et al. 2018a, Claybourn et al. 2020).

Figure 7 in Ontogeny and evolutionary significance of a new acrotretide brachiopod genus from Cambrian Series 2 of South China

Figure 7. Bivariate plots of ventral valves of Palaeotreta shannanensis gen. et sp. nov. from the Shuijingtuo Formation showing ontogenetic stage T1 (red) and stage T2 (blue). A, plots of valve width – length ratio (W/L), length at maximum width – valve length ratio (Lm/L), and valve height – length ratio (H/L). B, plots of apical process length – valve length ratio (La/L), pedicle foramen length – valve length ratio (Lf/L).

Figure 8 in Ontogeny and evolutionary significance of a new acrotretide brachiopod genus from Cambrian Series 2 of South China

Figure 8. Ontogenetic development of ventral valve of Palaeotreta zhujiahensis from the Shuijingtuo Formation of western Hubei. A–F, ventral valves demonstrating pedicle foramen forming stage (T1); A, oblique dorsal view of a very small conjoined specimen showing unrestricted pedicle notch, ELI-AJH 8-1-2-B AF12; B, lateral view of a small conjoined specimen, ELI-AJH 8-2-3 AD2-07; C, posterior view, box indicates the area shown in Figure 9E, ELI-AJH S05 AG07; D, interior view of C; E, oblique view of a larger juvenile, ELI-AJH 8-2-3 AC-27; F, posterior view of E, note 'U'-shaped pedicle notch, box indicates the area shown in Figure 9D; G, lateral view, indicating pedicle foramen-enclosing stage (T2), showing enclosed pedicle foramen outside of the metamorphic shell, ELI-AJH 8-2-D AD2-12; H–N, intertrough-increasing stage (T3); H, posterior view, ELI-AJH S05 AF-16; I–N, adult with short intertrough, ELI-AJH 8-2-1 CE-03; I, exterior view; J, interior view; K, oblique lateral view; L, lateral view; M, posterior view, note the posterior migration of enclosed pedicle foramen, outside the metamorphic shell; N, oblique anterior view.