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995 results for “Life cycle”
Adult branchiosaurid temnospondyls: The life cycle of Xerodromeus gracilis
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Data from: Asexual queen succession mediates an accelerated colony life cycle in the termite Silvestritermes minutus
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Queen-worker conflict can drive the evolution of social polymorphism and split sex ratios in facultatively eusocial life-cycles
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Data from: Redesign of a life cycle figure improves student conceptions of ecology and evolution
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How do host-plant use and seasonal life cycle relate to insect body size: A case study on European geometrid moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)
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Methyl halide fluxes from rapeseed (Brassica napus) over its life cycle
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Figures 10-15 from: Pawlęga K, Łętowski J, Szwaj E, Gosławski T (2019) The morphology of the immature stages of Squamapion atomarium (Kirby, 1808) (Coleoptera, Brentidae) and notes on its life cycle. ZooKeys 892: 143-160. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.892.36027
Figures 10-15 Squamapion atomarium10 pupa 11 occurrence environment 12 a gall 13 the most common place to lay eggs at the root collar 14 place for laying eggs 15 larva in prepupal stage for pupation.
Figure 17 from: Pawlęga K, Łętowski J, Szwaj E, Gosławski T (2019) The morphology of the immature stages of Squamapion atomarium (Kirby, 1808) (Coleoptera, Brentidae) and notes on its life cycle. ZooKeys 892: 143-160. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.892.36027
Figure 17 Larva of a chalcidoid endoparasitoid found inside the mature larva (L3) of Squamapion atomarium.
Figure 3 in Life cycle of Huarpea fallax (Hymenoptera: Sapygidae) in a xeric forest in Argentina
Figure 3. Regression between body size of individuals of Huarpea fallax and host bees obtained in same trap nests. The hyperparasitized nest was excluded from the analysis (n = 10).
High Areal capacity porous Sn-Au Alloys with Long cycle Life for Li- ion Microbatteries
<p>Figures 1, 2, 3 & 4</p>
FIGURE 6. Alecton discoidalis pupae. A in Description of life cycle and preimaginal stages of Alecton discoidalis Laporte 1833 (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) under laboratory conditions
FIGURE 6. Alecton discoidalis pupae. A: female. B: male.
Data from: Life cycle size dynamics in Didymosphenia geminata (Bacillariophytceae)
Didymosphenia geminata has received a great deal of attention in the last 25 years, and considerable effort has gone into determining the origin, ecological impact, and economic consequences of its invasive behavior. While environmental conditions are a controlling influence in distribution, the extreme success of the species may be tied to its basic biology and life history. Little is known, however, about population dynamics, size restoration and reproduction of D. geminata. The objective of this study was to determine the temporal patterns in cell size frequency, size restoration strategy, and synchronization of life cycles between populations in close proximity. We implemented FlowCam technology to measure the length of more than 100,000 D. geminata cells from two sites in South Boulder Creek, Colorado over 1 year. We applied finite mixture modeling to uncover temporal patterns in size distribution. Our results show that collections of D. geminata exhibited a complex, multimodal size distribution, almost always containing four overlapping age cohorts. We failed to observe direct visual evidence of the sexual phase. Multiple abrupt and directional shifts in size distribution, however, were documented providing conclusive evidence of cell size restoration. Lastly, nodules in close proximity were asynchronous with respect to size frequency profiles and size diminution, highlighting the relevance of spatial heterogeneity in in situ diatom size dynamics. This study is the first to document the complexity of diatom cell size distribution in a lotic system, size restoration in D. geminata, and the variability in rates of size reduction at microhabitat spatial scales.
Data from: Polyamines in the life of Arabidopsis: profiling the expression of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) gene family during its life cycle
Arabidopsis has 5 paralogs of the S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) gene. Neither their specific role in development nor the role of positive/purifying selection in genetic divergence of this gene family is known. While some data are available on the organ-specific expression of AtSAMDC1, AtSAMDC2, AtSAMDC3 and AtSAMDC4 at transcript level, not much is known about their promoters including AtSAMDC5 (another paralog), which is believed to be non-functional.
Data from: Effects of variation in resource acquisition during different stages of the life cycle on life-history traits and trade-offs in a burying beetle
Individual variation in resource acquisition should have consequences for life-history traits and trade-offs between them because such variation determines how many resources can be allocated to different life-history functions, such as growth, survival and reproduction. Since resource acquisition can vary across an individual's life cycle, the consequences for life-history traits and trade-offs may depend on when during the life cycle resources are limited. We tested for differential and/or interactive effects of variation in resource acquisition in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides. We designed an experiment in which individuals acquired high or low amounts of resources across three stages of the life cycle: larval development, prior to breeding and the onset of breeding in a fully crossed design. Resource acquisition during larval development and prior to breeding affected egg size and offspring survival, respectively. Meanwhile, resource acquisition at the onset of breeding affected size and number of both eggs and offspring. In addition, there were interactive effects between resource acquisition at different stages on egg size and offspring survival. However, only when females acquired few resources at the onset of breeding was there evidence for a trade-off between offspring size and number. Our results demonstrate that individual variation in resource acquisition during different stages of the life cycle has important consequences for life-history traits but limited effects on trade-offs. This suggests that, in species that acquire a fixed-sized resource at the onset of breeding, the size of this resource has larger effects on life-history trade-offs than resources acquired at earlier stages.
Data from: More than meets the eye: detecting cryptic microgeographic population structure in a parasite with a complex life cycle
Nonrandom recruitment of parasites among hosts can lead to genetic differentiation among hosts and mating dynamics that promote inbreeding. It has been hypothesized that strictly aquatic parasites with intermediate hosts will behave as panmictic populations among hosts because ample opportunity exists for random mixing of unrelated individuals during transmission to the definitive host. A previous allozyme study on the marine trematode Lecithochirium fusiforme did not support this hypothesis in that there was genetic differentiation among, and significant heterozygote deficiencies within, definitive hosts. We revisit this system and use microsatellites to obtain multilocus genotypes. Our goal was to determine if cryptic subgroups and/or the presence of clones could account for the apparent deviation from 'panmixia'. We find strong evidence for cryptic subdivision (three genetic clusters) that causes the Wahlund effect and differentiation among definitive hosts. After accounting for these cryptic groups, we see panmictic genetic structure among definitive hosts that is consistent with the "high mixing in aquatic habitats" hypothesis. We see evidence for co-transmission of clones in all three clusters, but this level of clonal structure did not have a major impact in causing deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and only affected genetic differentiation among hosts in one cluster. A cursory examination of the data may have led to incorrect conclusions about non-random transmission. However, it is obvious in this system that there is more than meets the eye in relation to the actual makeup of parasite populations. In general, the methods we employ will be useful for elucidating hidden patterns in other organisms where cryptic structure may be common (e.g., those with limited morphology or complex life histories).
Data from: Pleiotropy in the wild: the dormancy gene DOG1 exerts cascading control on life-cycles
In the wild, organismal life cycles occur within seasonal cycles, so shifts in the timing of developmental transitions can alter the seasonal environment experienced subsequently. Effects of genes that control the timing of prior developmental events can therefore be magnified in the wild because they determine seasonal conditions experienced by subsequent life stages, which can influence subsequent phenotypic expression. We examined such environmentally-induced pleiotropy of developmental-timing genes in a field experiment with Arabidopsis thaliana. When studied in the field under natural seasonal variation, an A. thaliana seed-dormancy gene, Delay Of Germination 1 (DOG1), was found to influence not only germination, but also flowering time, overall life history, and fitness. Flowering time of the previous generation, in turn, imposed maternal effects that altered germination, the effects of DOG1 alleles, and the direction of natural selection on these alleles. Thus under natural conditions, germination genes act as flowering genes and potentially vice versa. These results illustrate how seasonal environmental variation can alter pleiotropic effects of developmental-timing genes, such that effects of genes that regulate prior life stages ramify to influence subsequent life stages. In this case, one gene acting at the seed stage impacted the entire life cycle.
Data from: The genetic covariance between life-cycle stages separated by metamorphosis.
Metamorphosis is common in animals, yet the genetic associations between life cycle stages are poorly understood. Given the radical changes that occur at metamorphosis, selection may differ before and after metamorphosis, and the extent that genetic associations between pre- and post-metamorphic traits constrain evolutionary change is a subject of considerable interest. In some instances, metamorphosis may allow the genetic decoupling of life cycle stages, whereas in others, metamorphosis could allow complementary responses to selection across the life cycle. Using a diallel breeding design, we measured viability at four ontogenetic stages (embryo, larval, juvenile and adult viability), in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis and examined the orientation of additive genetic variation with respect to the metamorphic boundary. We found support for one eigenvector of G (gobsmax), which contrasted larval viability against embryo viability and juvenile viability. Target matrix rotation confirmed that while gobsmax shows genetic associations can extend beyond metamorphosis, there is still considerable scope for decoupled phenotypic evolution. Therefore, although genetic associations across metamorphosis could limit that range of phenotypes that are attainable, traits on either side of the metamorphic boundary are capable of some independent evolutionary change in response to the divergent conditions encountered during each life cycle stage.
Data from: Interactions between genetic and ecological effects on the evolution of life cycles
Sexual reproduction leads to an alternation between haploid and diploid phases, whose relative length varies widely across taxa. Previous genetical models showed that diploid or haploid life cycles may be favored, depending on dominance interactions and on effective recombination rates. By contrast, niche differentiation between haploids and diploids may favor biphasic life cycles, in which development occurs in both phases. In this paper, we explore the interplay between genetical and ecological factors, assuming that deleterious mutations affect the competitivity of individuals within their ecological niche, and allowing different effects of mutations in haploids and diploids (including antagonistic selection). We show that selection on a modifier gene affecting the relative length of both phases can be decomposed into a direct selection term favoring the phase with the highest mean fitness (either due to ecological differences or to differential effects of mutations), and an indirect selection term favoring the phase in which selection is more efficient. When deleterious alleles occur at many loci and in the presence of ecological differentiation between haploids and diploids, evolutionary branching often occurs and leads to the stable coexistence of alleles coding for haploid and diploid cycles, while temporal variations in niche sizes may stabilize biphasic cycles.
FIGURE 4 in Orientocreadium elegans n. sp. and Orientocreadium pseudobagri Ya m a g u t i (Digenea: Orientocreadiidae), from freshwater fish of the Primorsky region (southern far east, Russia) with a description of their life cycles
FIGURE 4. Arrangement of the sensillae of the cercaria of Orientocreadium elegans n. sp..
FIGURE 3 in Orientocreadium elegans n. sp. and Orientocreadium pseudobagri Ya m a g u t i (Digenea: Orientocreadiidae), from freshwater fish of the Primorsky region (southern far east, Russia) with a description of their life cycles
FIGURE 3. Arrangement of the sensillae of the cercaria of Orientocreadium pseudobagri.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.