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PLATE 3. Tesselacauda depressa Ross, 1951, from Section MME 75.5 m in Revision of the Early Ordovician (late Tremadocian; Stairsian) cheirurid trilobite Tesselacauda Ross, with species from the Great Basin, western USA
PLATE 3. Tesselacauda depressa Ross, 1951, from Section MME 75.5 m, Fillmore Formation (upper Tremadocian; Stairsian; Bearriverops loganensis Zone), Middle Mountain, Ibex area, Millard County, western Utah, USA. 1, 4, 7. Cranidium, SUI 147521, dorsal, anterior, and left lateral views, x5. 2, 5, 10. Cranidium, SUI 147522, dorsal, left lateral, and anterior views, x6. 3, 6, 9. Cranidium, SUI 147523, dorsal, anterior, and left lateral views, x6. 8, 11, 17, 22. Cranidium, SUI 134129, left lateral, dorsal, ventral, and anterior views, x6. 12, 14, 15. Cranidium, SUI 147524, dorsal, left lateral, and anterior views, x6. 13, 16, 19. Cranidium, SUI 147525, dorsal, anterior, and left lateral views, x5. 18, 23, 30. Cranidium, SUI 147526, dorsal, anterior, and left lateral views, x9. 20, 21. Cranidium, SUI 147527, dorsal and anterior views, x6. 24, 26, 27. Cranidium, SUI 147528, anterior, left lateral, and dorsal views, x9. 25, 28, 29, 31. Cranidium, SUI 147529, anterior, left lateral, ventral, and dorsal views, x6. 32. Cranidium, SUI 147530, dorsal view, x6.
PLATE 1. Tesselacauda depressa Ross, 1951 in Revision of the Early Ordovician (late Tremadocian; Stairsian) cheirurid trilobite Tesselacauda Ross, with species from the Great Basin, western USA
PLATE 1. Tesselacauda depressa Ross, 1951, from Section HC5 106.7 m, east side of Hillyard Canyon, and Section FB7 102.1 m, Franklin Basin, both Garden City Formation (upper Tremadocian; Stairsian; Bearriverops loganensis Zone), Bear River Range, Franklin County, southeastern Idaho, USA. 1, 2, 6, 9. Cephalon and thoracic segments, SUI 147507, dorsal, ventral, right lateral, and anterior views, x7.5 (FB7 102.1 m). 3–5, 10. Thoracic segments and pygidium, SUI 147508, dorsal, dorsal, ventral, posterior, and left lateral views, x7.5 (FB7 102.1 m). 7, 8, 11, 13. Cranidium, SUI 147509, dorsal, dorsal, right lateral, anterior, and ventral views, x10 (HC5 106.7 m). 12, 14, 15. Cranidium and thoracic segment, SUI 147510, dorsal, dorsal, right lateral, and anterior views, x10 (HC5 106.7 m).
PLATE 2. Tesselacauda depressa Ross, 1951 in Revision of the Early Ordovician (late Tremadocian; Stairsian) cheirurid trilobite Tesselacauda Ross, with species from the Great Basin, western USA
PLATE 2. Tesselacauda depressa Ross, 1951, from Section HC5 106.7 m, east side of Hillyard Canyon, HC6 88.3 m, west side of Hillyard Canyon, and Section FB7 102.1 m, Franklin Basin, both Garden City Formation (upper Tremadocian; Stairsian; Bearriverops loganensis Zone), Bear River Range, Franklin County, southeastern Idaho, USA. 1, 2. Right librigena, SUI 147511, external and internal views, x10 (HC5 106.7 m). 3, 6, 9, 11. Hypostome, SUI 147512, ventral, right lateral, posterior, and anterior views, x8 (FB7 102.1 m). 4, 7, 10, 12. Hypostome, SUI 147513, ventral, left lateral, posterior, and anterior views, x10 (HC6 88.3 m). 5. Left librigena, SUI 147514, external view, x12 (HC5 106.7 m). 8. Right librigena, SUI 147515, external view, x15 (HC5 106.7 m). 13–16. Hypostome, SUI 147516, ventral, dorsal, right lateral, and posterior views, x8 (HC5 106.7 m). 17. Hypostome, SUI 147517, ventral view, x10 (HC5 106.7 m). 18, 21, 22, 24, 25. Pygidium, SUI 147518, dorsal, posterior, left lateral, ventral, and anterior views, x10 (HC5 106.7 m). 19, 20, 23, 27. Pygidium, SUI 147519, left lateral, dorsal, ventral, and posterior views, x10 (HC5 106.7 m). 26, 28, 29. Pygidium, SUI 147520, right lateral, posterior, and dorsal views, x14 (HC5 106.7 m).
FIGURE 2 in Revision of the Early Ordovician (late Tremadocian; Stairsian) cheirurid trilobite Tesselacauda Ross, with species from the Great Basin, western USA
FIGURE 2. Hypostomes of various species of Pliomeridae. 1. Protopliomerella contracta Ross, 1951, SUI 126034, Section G 210.2 m (Floian; Tulean; Protopliomerella contracta Zone), x15. 2. Protopliomerella stegneri McAdams and Adrain, 2011c, SUI 126071, Section G 142.0–144.5T m (Floian; Tulean; unzoned strata beneath Psalikilopsis cuspidicauda Zone), x12. 3. Protopliomerella bowlesi McAdams and Adrain, 2011c, SUI 126108, Section G 162.0T m (Floian; Tulean; low Psalikilopsis cuspidicauda Zone), x15. 4. Protopliomerella okeefeae McAdams and Adrain, 2011c, SUI 126330, Section G 258.2 m (Floian; Tulean; Heckethornia hyndeae Zone), x20. 5. Protopliomerella kerouaci McAdams and Adrain, 2011c, SUI 126173, Section HC6 203.0 m (Floian; Tulean; Psalikilus typicum Zone), x15. 6. Protopliomerella seegeri McAdams and Adrain, 2011c, SUI 126258, Section G 181.8 m (Floian; Tulean; low Psalikilus hestoni Zone), x12. 7. Hintzeia parafirmimarginis McAdams and Adrain, 2011a, Section HC6 165.2 m (Floian; Tulean; Psalikilus spinosum Zone), x10. 8. Hintzeia firmimarginis (Hintze, 1953), SUI 125507, Section G 99.0T-A (Floian; Tulean; Psalikilus spinosum Zone), x7.5. 9. Hinteia celsaora (Ross, 1951), SUI 125588, Section G 118.6 m (Floian; Tulean; Hintzeia celsaora Zone), x12. 10. Panisaspis topscityensis McAdams and Adrain, 2011b, SUI 125736, Section G 210.2 m (Floian; Tulean; Protopliomerella contracta Zone), x10. 11. Panisaspis quattuor (Hintze, 1953), SUI 125785, Section G 174.0 m (Floian; Tulean; Psalikilus typicum Zone), x12. 12. Panisaspis sevierensis McAdams and Adrain, 2011b, SUI 125663, Section H 173.2 m (Floian; Blackhillsian; Psalikilus pikum Zone), x10. 13. Panisaspis millardensis McAdams and Adrain, 2011b, SUI 125628, Section H 187.4 m (Floian; Blackhillsian; Bathyurina plicolabeona Zone), x12. 14. Cybelopsis sp. nov. 1 of Adrain et al. (2009, p. 575, fig. 21B, F), SUI 147645, Section H 290.4 m (Floian; Blackhillsian; "Pseudocybele nasuta" Zone"), x6. 15. Cybelopsis depressa (Young, 1973), SUI 147646, Section H 185.6 m (Floian; Blackhillsian; Bathyurina plicolabeona Zone), x10. 16. Cybelopsis n. sp. 2, SUI 147647, Section H 264.0–267.0T m (Floian; Blackhillsian; Presbynileus ibexensis Zone), x15. 17. Cybelopsis n. sp. 3, SUI 147648, Section J 35.3 m (Floian; Blackhillsian; "Pseudocybele nasuta Zone"), x10.
Data from: Xianella: a new mat-forming calcified cyanobacterium from the Middle–Late Ordovician of North China
Xianella hongii gen. et sp. nov. is described from the Middle–Late Ordovician of Shaanxi, China and interpreted as a calcified cyanobacterial sheath. Xianella filaments formed cable-like strands that constructed thick fenestral layers. The specimens occur in metre-sized limestone blocks, possibly derived from local collapse of a reefal platform margin. In combination with micrite, some of which is intraclastic and peloidal, Xianella created thick and extensive stacks of layered calcified fenestral fabric that appear to be synsedimentarily calcified open-frame mat deposits. The fenestrae range from small, laminose and very irregular, to large equidimensional areas ~2 cm across. Fenestrae with rounded outlines resemble primary gas bubbles observed in present-day microbial mats. These delicate fabrics are comparable in structure and quality of preservation with those of some Proterozoic silicified stromatolitic mats.
Data from: Water vascular system architecture in an Ordovician ophiuroid
Understanding the water vascular system (WVS) in early fossil echinoderms is critical to elucidating the evolution of this system in extant forms. Here we present the first report of the internal morphology of the water vascular system of a stem ophiuroid. The radial canals are internal to the arm, but protected dorsally by a plate separate to the ambulacrals. The canals zig-zag with no evidence of constrictions, corresponding to sphincters, which control pairs of tube feet in extant ophiuroids. The morphology suggests that the unpaired tube feet must have operated individually, and relied on the elasticity of the radial canals, lateral valves and tube foot musculature alone for extension and retraction. This arrangement differs radically from that in extant ophiuroids, revealing a previously unknown Palaeozoic configuration.
Data from: Revision of Ordovician chitinozoan Lagenochitina esthonica sensu lato: morphometrics, biostratigraphy and paleobiogeography
<p>Data presented here contribute to the results documented in the paper: Liang, Y., Nõlvak, J., Xu, H., Chen, Y. and Hints, O. (2021) Revision of Ordovician chitinozoan <i>Lagenochitina esthonica sensu lato</i>: morphometrics, biostratigraphy and paleobiogeography. Journal of Paleontology, in press.</p> <p>Two datasets are included, one is Supplemental Data 1 cited in Liang et al. (2021) which contains detailed information of the occurrence data of previously published <i>Lagenochitina esthonica</i>. The other is Supplemental Data 2 cited in the paper which contains two sheets. One sheet named as "Original data"and it presents the original raw data of the measurements of <i>Lagenochitina esthonica</i> specimens obtained at the Jägala, Kaldase, Kaugatuma and Baldone sections, eastern Baltica. The other named as "Two forms", which divided the raw data into two groups for further statistical study.</p> <p>Statistical morphometric study based on the measurements of <i>L. esthonica</i> indicates that two varieties could be recognized: a relatively short form with a test length around 400 μm and a L/Dp* ratio around 1.4–3.0, and a slender form usually longer than 600 μm in length with a L/Dp* ratio around 2.0–7.0.</p> <p>Stratigraphic and geographic distributions based on available occurrence data suggest that the short form occurs in the upper Tremadocian to lower Dapingian, whereas the slender form is mostly reported from the lower and middle Darriwilian. Both forms are identified on Baltica; the short form has also been reported from Laurentia and South China, whereas the other is known also from Avalonia and Gondwana.</p> <p>The morphological distinction, together with differences in stratigraphic and spatial ranges, suggest that the two forms represent separate species: the original stout <i>L. esthonica</i>, based on the morphology of the holotype, and the slender <i>L. megaesthonica</i> n. sp. described herein. The updated taxonomy enhances the stratigraphic and biogeographic usefulness of lagenochitinids globally.</p>
FIGURE 6 in The Lower Ordovician (upper Floian) bathyurid trilobite Aponileus Hu, with species from Utah, Texas, and Greenland 3293
FIGURE 6. "Acidiphorus" n. sp., from Section J 40.0 m, Wah Wah Formation (upper Floian; Blackhillsian; "Pseudocybele nasuta Zone"), southern Confusion Range, Ibex area, Millard County, western Utah, USA. This species and other undescribed species from the "Pseudocybele nasuta Zone" are closely related to the younger Psephosthenaspis Whittington, 1953. It is illustrated to facilitate comparison and will be described in detail in a forthcoming work. See text for discussion. 1, 4. Cranidium, SUI 131853, dorsal and anterior views, x7.5. 2, 3, 6. Pygidium, SUI 131854, posterior, dorsal, and right lateral views, x6. 5. Right librigena, SUI 131855, external view, x5.
FIGURE 4 in The Lower Ordovician (upper Floian) bathyurid trilobite Aponileus Hu, with species from Utah, Texas, and Greenland 3293
FIGURE 4. Aponileus glaber (Poulsen, 1927), from the Nunatami Formation (upper Floian), gastropod limestone member (figs 1, 4, 7) and ostracod limestone member (figs 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9), Nunatami, Washington Land, northwestern Greenland. 1, 4, 7. Cranidium, MGUH 2391, dorsal, right lateral, and anterior views, x6 (original of Poulsen, 1927, pl. 20, fig. 11). 2, 5, 9. Cranidium, MGUH 2390, dorsal, anterior, and oblique views, x3 (original of Poulsen, 1927, pl. 20, fig. 10). 3, 6, 8. Pygidium, lectotype, MGUH 2406, dorsal, posterior, and left lateral views, x3 (original of Poulsen, 1927, pl. 20, fig. 27).
FIGURE 1 in The Lower Ordovician (upper Floian) bathyurid trilobite Aponileus Hu, with species from Utah, Texas, and Greenland 3293
FIGURE 1. Schematic diagram of stratigraphic distribution of species of Aponileus and the outgroup species Strigigenalis plicolabeona (Young) in Blackhillsian (upper Floian) sections of the Fillmore Formation in western Utah. Measurements are in metres. Meterages are not to scale. Zonation is that established by Adrain et al. (2009), with new informal subdivisions of the "Pseudocybele nasuta Zone" discussed in text.
FIGURE 2 in The Lower Ordovician (upper Floian) bathyurid trilobite Aponileus Hu, with species from Utah, Texas, and Greenland 3293
FIGURE 2. Illustrations of states for Character 2, the presence or absence of a fine transverse ridge across the bottom of SO. 1–6, State 0, ridge present. 1. Outgroup state, Acidiphorus teretus (Young, 1973), cranidium SUI 131151, Section H 191.7 m, Fillmore Formation (upper Floian; Blackhillsian; Strigigenalis plicolabeona Zone), western Utah, x18. 2. Outgroup state, Strigigenalis plicolabeona (Young, 1973), cranidium SUI 124830, Section H 191.7 m, Fillmore Formation (upper Floian; Blackhillsian; Strigigenalis plicolabeona Zone), western Utah, x7.5. 3. Outgroup state, Acidiphorus brighti (Hintze, 1953), cranidium SUI 131152, Section H 290.4 m, Wah Wah Formation (upper Floian; Blackhillsian; "Pseudocybele nasuta Zone", Assemblage 1), western Utah, x15. 4. Aponileus belkaae n. sp., cranidium SUI 129264, Section H 294.2 m, Fillmore Formation (upper Floian; Blackhillsian; "Pseudocybele nasuta Zone"), western Utah, x22.5. 5. Aponileus strelkaae n. sp., holotype cranidium SUI 129298, Section J 28.1 m, Wah Wah Formation (upper Floian; Blackhillsian; "Pseudocybele nasuta Zone"), western Utah, x15. 6. Aponileus laikaae n. sp., holotype cranidium SUI 129234, Section H 256–261T m, Fillmore Formation (upper Floian; Blackhillsian; Presbynileus ibexensis Zone), western Utah, x18. 7–12, State 1, ridge absent. 7, 10. Aponileus ugolekae n. sp., cranidia SUI 131127 and 131130, Section J 46.3 m, Wah Wah Formation (upper Floian; Blackhillsian; "Pseudocybele nasuta Zone"), western Utah, x13.5. 8. Aponileus? veterokae n. sp., cranidium SUI 129317, Section J 48.1 m, Wah Wah Formation (upper Floian; Blackhillsian; "Pseudocybele nasuta Zone"), western Utah, x22.5. 9. Aponileus aasei n. sp., dorsal exoskeleton BYU 19975, float high in Section H, Fillmore Formation (upper Floian; Blackhillsian; probably Pseudocybele paranasuta Zone), western Utah, x9. 11. Aponileus latus Hu, 1963, holotype cranidium USNM 143342, Padre Formation (upper Floian; Blackhillsian), western Texas, x4. 12. Aponileus glaber (Poulsen, 1927), cranidium MGUH 2391, Nunatami Formation (upper Floian), gastropod limestone member, northwestern Greenland, x9.
FIGURE 1 in Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of Ordovician brachiopods from northeastern Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen 3076
FIGURE 1 Locality maps of the Svalbard Archipelago. a) Locations of sites yielding Lower Palaeozoic fossils mentioned in this paper. b) Geological map of the Basissletta plain, northeastern Ny Friesland; redrawn from Fortey & Bruton (1973). The base map is based on aerial photos made available by the Norwegian Polar Institute and on field observations made by the authors in 2008.
FIGURE 2 in Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of Ordovician brachiopods from northeastern Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen 3076
FIGURE 2 Stratigraphical ranges and diversity of brachiopod species at Basissletta, Spitsbergen, and relative sea levels and percentages of linguliform brachiopods in the total brachiopod fauna. White shading in the last graph indicates stratigraphical intervals without brachiopods. Thicknesses of units are according to Fortey & Bruton (1973). Lithological log and sea level curve are from Hansen & Holmer (2010).
FIGURE 3 in Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of Ordovician brachiopods from northeastern Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen 3076
FIGURE 3 Rose histograms for the umbonal orientation of the large brachiopod Ectenoglossa? oviforma sp. nov. found in the Olenidsletta Member, Valhallfonna Formation. a) Histogram of 58 specimens from 88 m above the base of the member. b) Histogram of 13 specimens from 94 m above the base of the member.
FIGURE 3 in Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) cheirurid trilobites from the Table Cove Formation, western Newfoundland, Canada
FIGURE 3. Sclerites of species here assigned to Acanthoparyphinae, showing unique perforate tubercle sculpture found in multiple taxa and the occasional presence of transverse pit rows in place of pleural furrows. 1, 3. Forteyops sexapugius (Ross, 1951). 1. Pygidium, SUI 148403, dorsal view, x10, Garden City Formation (Floian; Blackhillsian; "Pseudocybele nasuta Zone"), Round Hill, near Mantua, Box Elder County, Utah, USA. 3. Left librigena, SUI 148404, external view, x20, Fillmore Formation (Floian; Blackhillsian; "Pseudocybele nasuta Zone"), Section H, 290.4 m, southern Confusion Range, Millard County, Utah, USA.. 2. Forteyops n. sp., pygidium, SUI 148405, dorsal view, x12, Wah Wah Formation (Floian; Blackhillsian; "Pseudocybele nasuta Zone"), Section J 46.8 m, southern Confusion Range, Millard County, Utah, USA. 4. Kawina? webbi Hintze, 1953, left librigena, SUI 148406 external view, x20, Wah Wah Formation (Floian; Blackhillsian; "Pseudocybele nasuta Zone"), Section J
FIGURE 5 in Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) cheirurid trilobites from the Table Cove Formation, western Newfoundland, Canada
FIGURE 5. Hypostomes of Early and Middle Ordovician species assigned herein to Acanthoparyphinae. 1. Cydonocephalus griphus Whittington, 1963, ventral view of hypostome in articulated cephalon, holotype specimen GSC 16272, x15, Shallow Bay Formation (lower Darriwilian), Lower Head, western Newfoundland, Canada. 2. Kawina arnoldi Whittington, 1963, ventral view of hypostome in articulated cephalon, holotype specimen GSC 162692, x7.5, Shallow Bay Formation (lower Darriwilian), Lower Head, western Newfoundland, Canada. 3. Forteyops sexapugius (Ross, 1951), hypostome, SUI 148410, ventral view, x10, Garden City Formation (Floian; Blackhillsian; "Pseudocybele nasuta Zone"), Round Hill, near Mantua, Box Elder County, Utah, USA. 4. Kawina n. sp., hypostome, SUI 148411, ventral view, x12, Kanosh Formation (Dapingian), Section K 1.5T m, southern Confusion Range, Millard County, Utah, USA. 5. Kawina? webbi Hintze, 1953, hypostome, SUI 147662, ventral view, Wah Wah Formation (Floian; Blackhillsian; "Pseudocybele nasuta Zone"), Section J 40.0 m, southern Confusion Range, Millard County, Utah, USA. 6. Acanthoparyphinae n. gen. n. sp., hypostome, SUI 148412, ventral view, x12, Yellow Hill Limestone (Floian; Blackhillsian; "Pseudocybele nasuta Zone"), Yellow Hill, near Pioche, Lincoln County, Nevada, USA.
FIGURE 4 in Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) cheirurid trilobites from the Table Cove Formation, western Newfoundland, Canada
FIGURE 4. The holotype incomplete dorsal exoskeleton of Pandaspinapyga salsa Esker, 1964 (provenance given in explanation of Fig. 3.6), demonstrating the presence of 13 thoracic segments in this two pygidial segment form of Acanthoparyphinae. OU 5200, dorsal view, x10. An example of an intact pygidium of this species is illustrated in Fig. 3.6.
FIGURE 2 in Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) cheirurid trilobites from the Table Cove Formation, western Newfoundland, Canada
FIGURE 2. Stratigraphic column of Table Cove Formation at Section TCM, near Marechal Island, Hare Bay, Great Northern Peninsula, western Newfoundland (see Fig. 1 for exact geographic position). Horizons from which material is illustrated are shown. Light colored lithologies are limestones; dark interbeds are calcareous shales. Wavy symbols next to the column indicate beds that are debris flows.
FIGURE 1. 1 in Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) cheirurid trilobites from the Table Cove Formation, western Newfoundland, Canada
FIGURE 1. 1. Map of western Newfoundland, Canada. Position of detailed map of Fig. 1.2 is shown as small inset square. 2. Location of section TCM on coast north of town of Main Brook, Hare Bay, Great Northern Peninsula, western Newfoundland, Canada.
FIGURE 6. Ramose trepostome bryozoans from the Khrevitsa Formation. A–C in Morphological features of Late Ordovician (Sandbian) bryozoans from the basin of Khrevitsa River (north-western Russia) and description of a new species of the genus Prophyllodictya Gorjunova, 1987
FIGURE 6. Ramose trepostome bryozoans from the Khrevitsa Formation. A–C. CNIGR museum №2/13403, Homotrypa sp. A. Longitudinal section. B. Longitudinal section showing diaphragms in mesozooecia (arrow). C. Tangential section showing mesozooecia (arrow). D, E CNIGR museum №3/13403, Stigmatella cf. claviformis (Ulrich, 1893). D. Longitudinal section. E. Longitudinal section showing acanthostyles (arrow). F, G. CNIGR museum №8/13403, Hallopora gracilens Bassler, 1927. F. Transverse section. G. Longitudinal section showing abundant diaphragms in mesozooecia (arrow). H. CNIGR museum №9/13403, Hallopora gracilens, tangential section showing mesozooecia (arrow).
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