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FIGURE 4 in Illustrated key for the identification of the known zoeal stages of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda) from tropical and subtropical Brazil, southwestern Atlantic

FIGURE 4. Telsons and abdomens of some brachyuran larvae (zoea I). A. Persephona mediterranea (Herbst), B. Zaops ostreum (Say), C. Austinixa cristata (Rathbun), D. Pinnixa gracilipes Coelho, E. Ethusa microphthalma Smith, F. Troglocarcinus corallicola Verril, G. Planes marinus Rathbun, H. Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes), I. Grapsus grapsus Linnaeus, J. Platylambrus serrata (H. Milne Edwards), K. Dissodactylus crinitichelis Moreira, L. Pilumnus reticulates Stimpson, M. Hexapanopeus caribbaeus (Stimpson), N. Percnon gibbesi (H. Milne Edwards), O. Libidoclaea granaria H. Milne Edwards & Lucas, P. Cataleptodius floridanus (Gibbes), Q. Acantholobulus bermudensis Benedict & Rathbun, R. Bathynectes longipes (Risso), S. Grapsus grapsus Linnaeus, T. Speocarcinus meloi D'Incao & Gomes da Silva. After: A: Negreiros-Fransozo et al. 1989; B–C: Pohle et al. 1999; D: Lima et al. 2006; E: Martin & Truesdale 1989; F: Scotto & Gore 1981; G: adapted from Wear 1970; H, P: Ingle 1987; I, S: Guerao et al. 2001; J: Yang 1971; K: Pohle & Telford 1981; L: Spivak & Rodríguez 2002; M: Vieira & Rieger 2004; N: Paula & Hartnoll 1989; O: Fagetti 1969; Q: Martin et al. 1985; R: Ingle 1985b; T: Rieger et al. 2003.

FIGURE 2. Zoea I in Illustrated key for the identification of the known zoeal stages of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda) from tropical and subtropical Brazil, southwestern Atlantic

FIGURE 2. Zoea I of: A. Corystoides chillensis H. Milne Edwards & Lucas, B. Platyxanthus crenulatus A. Milne-Edwards, C. Panopeus austrobesus Willimans, D. Eurytium limosum (Say), E. Goniopsis cruentata (Latreille), F. Aratus pisonii H. Milne- Edwards, G. Tumidotheres maculatus (Say), H. Euchirograpsus americanus A. Milne-Edwards, I. Percnon gibbesi H. Milne Edwards, J. Sesarma curacaoense De Man, K. Ocypode quadrata Fabricius, L. Clypeasterophilus stebbingi Rathbun, M. Mesorhoea sexspinosa Stimpson, N. Pachygrapsus transversus Gibbes, O. Pilumnus dasypodus Kingsley, P. Arenaeus cribarius (Lamarck), Q. Garthiope barbadensis (Rathbun), R. Cataleptodius floridanus (Gibbes). After: A: Pohle et al. 1999; B: Menú-Marque 1970; C: Montú et al. 1988; D: Kurata et al. 1981; E–F: Fransozo et al. 1998; G: Costlow & Bookhout 1966b, H: Wilson 1980; I: Paula & Hartnoll 1989; J: Anger et al. 1995; K: Díaz & Costlow 1972; L: Marques & Pohle 1996; M: Rieger et al. 2002; N: Cuesta & Rodríguez 1994; O: Sandifer 1974; P: Stuck & Truesdale 1988; Q: Gore et al. 1981; R: Ingle 1987.

FIGURE 1. Zoea I in Illustrated key for the identification of the known zoeal stages of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda) from tropical and subtropical Brazil, southwestern Atlantic

FIGURE 1. Zoea I of A, C. Hypoconcha parasitica Linnaeus, B. Dromia eurythropus George Edwrads, D. Homola barbata (Fabricius), E. Latreillia elegans Roux, F. Ethusa microphthalma Smith, G. Persephona mediterranea (Herbst), H. Zaops ostreum (Say), I. Pinnixa chaetopterana Stimpson, J. Eurypodius latreillii Guérin, K. Stenorhynchus seticornis (Herbst), L. Pitho lherminieri (Desbone & Schramm), M. Anasimus latus Rathbun, N. Libinia ferreirae Brito Capello, O. Acanthonix scutiformis Dana, P. Microphrys bicornutus Latreille, Q. Menippe nodifrons Stimpson. After: A, C: Lang & Young 1980; B: Laughlin et al. 1982; D: Rice & Provenzano 1970; E: Rice & Williamson 1977; F: Martin & Truesdale 1989; G: Negreiros-Fransozo et al. 1989; H–L, N: Pohle et al. 1999; M: Sandifer & Van Engel 1972; O: Hiyodo et al. 1994; P: Gore et al. 1982; Q: Scotto 1979.

FIGURE 3 in Illustrated key for the identification of the known zoeal stages of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda) from tropical and subtropical Brazil, southwestern Atlantic

FIGURE 3. Antennae of some brachyuran larvae (zoea I). A. Hypoconcha parasitica (Linnaeus), B. Moreiradromia antillensis (Stimpson), C. Homola barbata (Fabricius), D. Troglocarcinus corallicola Verril, E. Mithraculus coryphe (Herbst), F. Eurypanopeus depressus (Smith), G. Hexapanopeus angustifrons (Benedict & Rathbun), H. Cyclograpsus interger H. Milne Edwards, I. Armases angustipes (Dana), J. Pilumnus reticulatus Stimpson, K. Cyrtograpsus affinis Dana, L. Uca (Minuca) mordax (Smith), M. Cataleptodius floridanus (Gibbes), N. Garthiope barbadensis (Rathbun), O. Cronius tumidulus (Stimpson), P. Calappa gallus (Herbst), Q. Coenophthalmus tridentatus A. Milne-Edwards, R. Pachygrapsus gracilis (Saussure), S. Geograpsus lividus (H. Milne-Edwards). After: A: Lang & Young 1980; B: Rice & Provenzano 1966; C: Rice & Provenzano 1970; D: Scotto & Gore 1981; E: Scotto & Gore 1980; F: Costlow & Bookhout 1961a; G: Costlow & Bookhout 1966a; H: Gore & Scotto 1982; I: Cuesta & Anger 2001; J: Spivak & Rodríguez 2002; K: Spivak & Cuesta 2000; L: Rieger 1997; M, R: Ingle 1987; N: Gore et al. 1981; O: Fransozo et al. 2002; P: Taishaku & Konishi 1995; Q: Spivak & Luppi 2004; S: Cuesta & Schubart 1999.

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FIGURE 2 in First record of the exotic isopod Sphaeroma serratum (Crustacea: Isopoda) from Uruguayan waters (southwestern Atlantic)

FIGURE 2. Sphaeroma serratum (Fabricius, 1787). A, B, dorsal view of male and female, respectively; both showing a bimaculatum morph. Scales: 5 mm.

FIGURE 4 in The genus Hybocodon (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean, with a revision of the species recorded from the area

FIGURE 4. Medusa of Hybocodon chilensis Hartlaub, 1905 collected in the southwestern Atlantic. Scale 1 mm.

FIGURE 6 in The genus Hybocodon (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean, with a revision of the species recorded from the area

FIGURE 6. Juvenile (A) and adult (B) medusae of Hybocodon unicus (Browne, 1902) collected in the southwestern Atlantic. Scales: A–0.5mm; B–1mm.

FIGURE 3A–D in The genus Hybocodon (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean, with a revision of the species recorded from the area

FIGURE 3A–D. Details of polyps of Hybocodon chilensis Hartlaub, 1905. A: lateral view; B: oral view; C: lateral view of hydranth with gonophores; D: detail of gonophores. Scales: A, B–2 mm; C, D–1 mm.

FIGURE 2A–B in The genus Hybocodon (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean, with a revision of the species recorded from the area

FIGURE 2A–B. Polyps of Hybocodon chilensis Hartlaub, 1905 collected in the intertidal at Río Grande, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. Scales: A–1.5 cm; B–4 cm. Photos courtesy of A.C. Morandini.

FIGURE 7 in The genus Hybocodon (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean, with a revision of the species recorded from the area

FIGURE 7. Nematocysts of Hybocodon unicus (Browne, 1902): two size classes of microbasic mastigophore (A–B); stenotele (C); heterotrichous anisorhiza (D); desmoneme (E). Scale: A–20 µm; B, C, D, E–5 µm.

FIGURE 1 in The genus Hybocodon (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean, with a revision of the species recorded from the area

FIGURE 1. Sampling stations of the studied specimens: medusae (black circles) and polyps (gray circles) of H. chilensis Hartlaub, 1905; medusae of H. unicus (Browne, 1902) (black squares).

FIGURE 5 in The genus Hybocodon (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean, with a revision of the species recorded from the area

FIGURE 5. Nematocysts from the medusa of Hybocodon chilensis Hartlaub, 1905: stenoteles (A–B); microbasic mastigophores (C–D); heterotrichous anisorhiza (E); desmoneme (F). Scale 5 µm.

FIGURE 1 in Thandarum hernandezi, a new genus and new species of sea cucumber family Sclerodactylidae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida) from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean

FIGURE 1. Holotype of Thandarum hernandezi gen. et sp. nov. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Calcareous ring shape. Scale bars: A and B = 1 mm.

FIGURE 2 in Thandarum hernandezi, a new genus and new species of sea cucumber family Sclerodactylidae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida) from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean

FIGURE 2. Ossicles of Thandarum hernandezi gen. et sp. nov. A. Body wall buttons; B. Tables with four pillars from body wall; C. Rods from podia and star-shaped end plate; D. Rods from tentacles and rosettes from introvert. Scale bars: A, C and D = 50 μm, B = 100 μm.

FIGURE 54 in Morphological and taxonomic revision of species of Squatina from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (Chondrichthyes: Squatiniformes: Squatinidae)

FIGURE 54. Comparative morphology of nasal barbels in Squatina species. A) S. occulta (MZUSP 73192, adult, head only). B) Squatina sp. (MNRJ 30190, juvenile female, 690 mm TL). C) S. squatina (MNRJ 30997, juvenile female, 284 mm TL). D) S. aculeata (MNHN 1979.133, adult, head only). Scale bar = 10 mm.

FIGURE 52 in Morphological and taxonomic revision of species of Squatina from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (Chondrichthyes: Squatiniformes: Squatinidae)

FIGURE 52. Central nervous system of S. guggenheim. A) Ventral view of brain and cranial nerves in specimen MZUSP 111961 (adult, head only). B) Dorsal view in specimen MOFURG 592 (juvenile female, 623 mm TL). Anterior to top. Abreviations: crb, cerebellum; opl, optic lobes; pba, pseudobranchial arteries; pcv, posterior cerebral veins; I, olfactive nerve; II, optic nerve; III, oculomotor nerve; IV, trochlear nerve; V, trigeminal nerve; VI, abducens nerve; VII, fascialis nerve; VIII, auditory nerve; IX, glossopharyngeal nerve; X, vagus nerve.

FIGURE 53 in Morphological and taxonomic revision of species of Squatina from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (Chondrichthyes: Squatiniformes: Squatinidae)

FIGURE 53. Comparative morphology of lateral dermal folds of head in Squatina species. A) S. squatina (MNRJ 30997, juvenile female, 284 mm TL). B) S. aculeata (MNHN 1979.133, adult, head only). C) S. argentina (MOFURG 457, juvenile male, 359 mm TL). D) S. occulta (MNRJ 30191, juvenile male, 808 mm TL).

FIGURE 51 in Morphological and taxonomic revision of species of Squatina from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (Chondrichthyes: Squatiniformes: Squatinidae)

FIGURE 51. Morphology of cephalic muscular system in Squatina species. A) Ventral view of mandibular and hyoidean muscles (based on NUPEC 1227, juvenile male, 569 mm TL). B) Dorsal view of cranial and hyoidean muscles (based on NUPEC 1227). C) Ventral view of hyoidean and hypobranchial muscles, after removing the muscles represented in (A) (based on MZUSP 110870, juvenile female, 449 mm TL). Anterior to top. Abbreviations: adm, adductor mandibulae; ams, adductor mandibulae superficialis; chd, constrictor hyoideus dorsalis; chv, constrictor hyoideus ventralis; co, coracoid bar; coa, coracoarcualis; cob1, coraco-branchialis 1; coh, coraco-hyoideus; ihy, inter-hyoideus; imd, intermandibularis; lpq, levator palatoquadrati; spl, spiracularis.

FIGURE 47 in Morphological and taxonomic revision of species of Squatina from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (Chondrichthyes: Squatiniformes: Squatinidae)

FIGURE 47. Morphology of vertebral skeleton and unpaired fins in Southwestern Atlantic Squatina. A) Transverse section of third vertebral centra of S. argentina (MOFURG 457, juvenile male, 359 mm TL). B) First dorsal fin skeleton of S. occulta (NUPEC 1106, juvenile male, 315 mm TL). C) Ventral view of anterior vertebrae and expanded basiventrals of S. occulta (NUPEC 1452, adult, head only). D) Caudal fin skeleton of S. occulta (NUPEC 1227, juvenile male, 569 mm TL). E) Lateral view of anterior vertebrae of S. occulta (NUPEC 1452). Abbreviations: bdc, basidorsal cartilage; bv1, basiventral 1; bv3, basiventral 3; ccr, concentric calcification rings; cq, ceratotrichia; cr, caudal radial; db, dorsal basal; ha, hemal arch, idc, interdorsal cartilage; na, neural arch; nsh, notochordal sheat; rb, ribs; spc, spinal cord; vc, vertebral centra.

FIGURE 49 in Morphological and taxonomic revision of species of Squatina from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (Chondrichthyes: Squatiniformes: Squatinidae)

FIGURE 49. Morphology of pelvic girdle and fin of S. occulta (NUPEC 1106, juvenile male, 315 mm TL). Abbreviations: ax, axial cartilage; bp, basipterygium; cq, ceratotrichia; erd, enlarged radial; lpp, lateral prepelvic process; pb, pubioischiadic bar; rd, radial; sjc, stem-joint cartilages.