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1,604 results for “Wintering”
Chytridiomycosis and climate change: exposure to Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and mild winter conditions do not increase mortality in juvenile agile frogs during hibernation
<p>Datasets and analyses for "Chytridiomycosis and climate change: exposure to <em>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</em> and mild winter conditions do not increase mortality in juvenile agile frogs during hibernation" by Kásler A., Holly D., Herczeg D., Ujszegi J. and Hettyey A., published online on 22nd January 2023 in Animal Conservation.</p> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/acv.12851">https://doi.org/10.1111/acv.12851</a></p>
Diet composition of moose (Alces alces) in winter, Sweden
<p><span>1. </span><span>Differences in botanical diet compositions among a large number of moose fecal samples </span><span>collected during winter correlated with the nutritional differences identified in the same </span><span>samples </span><span>(Mantel-r = 0.89, p = 0.001)</span><span>, but the nutritional differences were significantly smaller </span><span>(p < 0.001)</span><span>.</span></p> <p><span>2. Nutritional geometry revealed that moose mixed Scots pine <em>Pinus sylvestris</em> and <em>Vaccinium</em> </span><span>spp. as nutritionally complementary foods to reach a nutritional target resembling <em>Salix</em> spp. </span><span>twigs, and selected for <em>Salix</em> spp. browse (Jacob's D > 0).</span></p> <p><span>3. Available protein (AP) and total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC) were significantly </span><span>correlated in observed diets but not in hypothetical diets based on food availability.</span></p> <p><span>4. The level of Acetoacetate in moose serum (i.e., 'starvation') was weakly negatively </span><span>associated with digestibility of diets (p = 0.08) and unrelated to increasing AP:TNC and </span><span>AP:NDF ratios in diets (p > 0.1).</span></p> <p><span>5. Our study is the first to demonstrate complementary feeding in free-ranging moose to attain a </span><span>nutritional target that has previously been suggested in a feeding trial with captive moose. </span><span>Our results add support to the hypothesis of nutritional balancing as a driver in the nutritional </span><span>strategy of moose with implications for both the management of moose and food resources.</span></p>
Potential Impact of Winter–Spring North Atlantic Tripole SSTAs on the Following Autumn–Winter El Niño–Southern Oscillation: Bridging Role of the Tibetan Plateau
<p>This is the key model data of "Potential Impact of Winter–Spring North Atlantic Tripole SSTAs on the Following Autumn–Winter El Niño–Southern Oscillation: Bridging Role of the Tibetan Plateau". The data includes the last 25 years data of the CTRL experiment, and 25 years data of the CTRL_NTP experiment, the NA_ST experiment, and the NA_ST_NTP experiment, respectively. "2D" is two-dimensional variables , "3D" is three-dimensional variables, and "pottmp" is ocean potential temperature.</p>
Data from: Thermoregulatory costs of the innate immune response are modulated by winter food availability in a small passerine
<p>1. In winter, a challenge to the immune system could pose a major energetic trade-off for small endotherms, whereby increasing body temperature (<em>T</em><sub>b</sub>; i.e. eliciting fever) may be beneficial to fight off invading pathogens yet incur a cost for vital energy-saving mechanisms.</p> <p>2. Having previously shown that the availability and acquisition of energy, through manipulation of food predictability, influence the depth of rest-phase hypothermia in a wild bird in winter, we expected that the nocturnal thermoregulatory component of the acute-phase immune response would also be modulated by food availability.</p> <p>3. By manipulating winter food availability in the wild for great tits, <em>Parus major</em>, we created an area offering a "predictable" and constant supply of food at feeding stations, while an unmanipulated area was subject to naturally "unpredictable" food. Birds were subject to an immune challenge shortly after dusk, and the thermoregulatory response was quantified via continuous recording of nocturnal <em>T</em><sub>b</sub>, using subcutaneous thermo-sensitive transponders.</p> <p>4. In response to immune challenge, all birds increased <em>T</em><sub>b</sub> above the level maintained prior to immune challenge (i.e. baseline). However, birds experiencing a naturally unpredictable food supply elevated <em>T</em><sub>b</sub> more than birds with access to predictable food resources, during the period of expected peak response and for the duration of the night. Furthermore, "unpredictable-food" females took longer to return to baseline <em>T</em><sub>b</sub>. Assuming baseline nocturnal <em>T</em><sub>b</sub> reflects an individual's optimum, based on their available energy budget, the metabolic cost of eliciting an acute-phase response for "unpredictable-food" birds was more than double that of "predictable-food" birds. The absence of differences in absolute <em>T</em><sub>b</sub> during the peak response could support the idea of an optimal <em>T</em><sub>b</sub> for immune system activation. Alternatively, "predictable-food" birds could have acquired tolerance to endotoxin as a result of using feeding stations, thus affording them reduced costs associated with a smaller <em>T</em><sub>b</sub> increase.</p> <p>5. These findings shed new light on the trade-offs associated with food acquisition, thermoregulation and immune function in small-bodied endotherms. This knowledge is of increasing importance, given the predicted elevated pathogen risks associated with changes in climate and anthropogenic activities.</p>
Suspended particle and floc sizes in the lower most reaches of the Mississippi River during summer 2020 and winter 2021
<p>Data associated with the paper: Osborn, R., Dunne, K. B. J., Ashley, T., Nittrouer, J. A., & Strom, K. (2023). The flocculation state of mud in the lowermost freshwater reaches of the Mississippi River: Spatial distribution of sizes, seasonal changes, and their impact on vertical concentration profiles. <em>Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface</em>, 128, e2022JF006975. <a href="https://doi. org/10.1029/2022JF006975">https://doi. org/10.1029/2022JF006975</a></p>
Data from: Genetic mark-recapture analysis of winter faecal pellets allows estimation of population size in sage grouse Centrocercus urophasianus
<p><span>Sex ratio, and the extent to which it varies over time, is an important factor in the demography, management, and conservation of wildlife populations. We estimated pre-breeding sex ratio of greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) in a peripheral, geographically isolated population in northwestern Colorado during two consecutive winters using closed-population, robust-design, multi-state, genetic mark-recapture models in program MARK (White and Burnham 1999). This data release includes the data files (.inp format) used in those models, as described in Shyvers et al. 2023. The data include capture histories and auxiliary data for individual greater sage-grouse collected during two study seasons: Season 1 (winter 2012-2013) and Season 2 (winter 2013-2014) and are readable using program MARK or notepad. Each data row includes the unique bird identification number (GMR-ID); the bird's encounter history for n= sampling occasions coded as a static state (M = male, F = female); the group ID; and a region covariate (0 = North, 1 = South). The data were adapted from those originally developed for Shyvers et al. 2020 and applied using Closed Robust Design Multi-state (CRDMS) Huggins' p and c w/state probabilities in program MARK to obtain estimates of Omega, enabling estimation of sex ratio with associated confidence intervals (see Shyvers et al. 2023).</span></p> <p>References:</p> <p>Shyvers, J.E., Walker, B.L., Oyler-McCance, S.J., Fike, J.A. and Noon, B.R. 2023. Genetic mark-recapture analysis reveals large annual variation in pre-breeding sex ratio of greater sage-grouse. Wildlife Biology (https://doi.org/10.1002/wlb3.01085)</p> <p>Shyvers, J.E., Walker, B.L., Oyler‐McCance, S.J., Fike, J.A. and Noon, B.R., 2020. Genetic mark-recapture analysis of winter faecal pellets allows estimation of population size in Sage Grouse Centrocercus urophasianus. Ibis, 162(3), pp.749-765.</p> <p>White, G. C., and K. P. Burnham. 1999. Program Mark: survival estimation from populations of marked animals. – Bird Study 46:120–139.</p>
Data associated with studies on the establishment, winter activity, and dispersal of crapemyrtle bark scale
<p>These data files are associated with studies on the establishment, winter activity, and dispersal of crapemyrtle bark scale .</p>
Data for "Observed winter Barents Kara Sea ice variations induce prominent sub-decadal variability and a multidecadal trend in the Warm Arctic Cold Eurasia pattern"
<p>Here the model experiment data used to create the figures in the article "Observed winter Barents Kara Sea ice variations induce prominent sub-decadal variability and a multi-decadal trend in the Warm Arctic Cold Eurasia pattern" are provided.</p>
Data corresponding to "Disparities in disruptions to public drinking water service in Texas communities during Winter Storm Uri 2021"
<p><strong>Contents:</strong></p> <p><strong>TX_pws_data_uri_zenodo.csv</strong>: This dataset was generated by integrating information on community public water systems (PWSs) from the Texas Commission of Environmental Quality (TCEQ) and Texas Water Development Board's water service boundary viewer, weather data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and demographic information from the US Census Bureau's 2010 Decennial Census. More information is available in:<br> Tomko, Brianna, 2022, Public drinking water access in Texas communities during Winter Storm Uri 2021, Bachelor Thesis, The Ohio State University, Columbus. </p> <p><strong>readme_for_TX_pws_data_uri_zenodo.txt</strong>: Explains contents of TX_pws_data_uri_zenodo.csv.</p> <p><strong>WaterOutageSurvey-PeopleOnPublicWaterSystems.xlsx</strong>: This dataset was generated as part of a cross-sectionally survey of people living in Texas during Winter Storm Uri.</p> <p>More information on all datasets is available in:</p> <p>Tomko, B., C.L. Nittrouer, X. Sanchez-Vila, and A.H. Sawyer. (2023) "Disparities in disruptions to public drinking water services in Texas communities during Winter Storm Uri 2021," provisionally accepted at PLOS Water, doi: 10.1371/journal.pwat.0000137.</p>
Winter range shifts and their associations with species traits are heterogeneous in eastern North American birds
<p>Many species' distributions are shifting in response to climate change. Many distributional shifts are predictably poleward or higher in elevation, but heterogeneity in the rate and direction of shifts both within and between species appears to be common. We found high heterogeneity in the trajectory of winter range shifts for 65 species of birds across eastern North America and in the different traits and trait interactions associated with these shifts across the spatial scales we examined. We used data from the Christmas Bird Count to quantify the trajectory of winter latitudinal center of abundance range shifts over four decades (1980–2019) for 65 species of songbirds and woodpeckers in North America, both across eastern North America (ENA) as a whole and for the Atlantic (ATL) and Mississippi (MISS) flyways separately. We then used linear models and AICc model selection to test whether species traits could explain variation in range shifts or flyway discrepancies. Across ENA, most species showed northward latitudinal range shifts, but some showed no latitudinal shift while others shifted southwards. Amongst ATL and MISS, we documented both within- and between-species differences in the rate and direction of latitudinal shifts, complicating the results from across ENA. No single trait emerged as a dominant driver of range shift differences at the ENA and flyway scales. Migration strategy interacted with insectivory to explain variation at the largest spatial scale (ENA), whereas frugivory and mean winter latitude explained much of the variation in ATL and MISS, respectively. Exploring heterogeneity in range shifts within and between species, and in the associations between range shifts and life history traits, will help us better understand the mechanisms that mediate differing responses to environmental change and predict which species will be better able to adapt to those changes. </p>
Data from: Parasites, depredators, and limited resources as potential drivers of winter mortality of feral honeybee colonies in German forests
<p>Wild honeybees (<em>Apis mellifera</em>) are considered extinct in most parts of Europe. The likely causes of their decline include increased parasite burden, lack of high-quality nesting sites and associated depredation pressure, and food scarcity. In Germany, feral honeybees still colonize managed forests, but their survival rate is too low to maintain viable populations. Based on colony observations collected during a monitoring study, data on parasite prevalence, experiments on nest depredation, and analyses of land cover maps, we explored whether parasite pressure, depredation or expected landscape-level food availability explain feral colony winter mortality. Considering the colony-level occurrence of 18 microparasites in the previous summer, colonies that died did not have a higher parasite burden than colonies that survived. Camera traps installed at cavity trees revealed that four woodpecker species, great tits, and pine martens act as nest depredators. In a depredator exclusion experiment, the winter survival rate of colonies in cavities with protected entrances was 50% higher than that of colonies with unmanipulated entrances. Landscapes surrounding surviving colonies contained on average 6.4 percentage points more cropland than landscapes surrounding dying colonies, with cropland being known to disproportionately provide forage for bees in our study system. We conclude that the lack of spacious but well-protected nesting cavities and the shortage of food are currently more important than parasites in limiting populations of wild-living honeybees in German forests. Increasing the density and diversity of large tree cavities and promoting bee forage plants in forests will probably promote wild-living honeybees despite parasite pressure.</p>
Data from: Nitrogen reduction causes shifts in winter and spring phytoplankton composition and resource use efficiency in a large subtropical lake in China
<p>Aquatic ecosystems occasionally show ecological thresholds, defined as the point at which there is a sudden shift in production, trait or biomass or where changes in an environmental driver create nonlinear responses at the ecosystem level. Previous studies of lakes have mainly focused on how reduction in particularly phosphorus (P) concentrations helps to create a shift in lakes from a turbid to a clear state (re-oligotrophication), whereas the effect of nitrogen (N) reduction is less well studied. Here, by analysing a 28-year monthly monitoring dataset (from December 1991 to November 2019) from the subtropical, large eutrophic Lake Taihu, China, we identified a sudden shift in phytoplankton biomass and composition that coincided with a pronounced change in ecosystem functions, for example, resource use efficiency (RUE), during a period with reduction of the external nutrient loading. The changes were particularly strong in winter–spring where a sudden decrease in N concentrations was accompanied by a sudden increase in diatom biomass and phytoplankton RUE and a shift from green algae and flagellate co-dominance to dominance of diatoms. Structural equation modelling further indicated that ammonium reduction led directly to increases in winter–spring phytoplankton RUE and diatom biomass. Repeated fish stocking likely also contributed to the changes in biomass and RUE. Our study provides new insight into the ecological responses to N loading reduction and contributes to the understanding of lake responses to early re-oligotrophication, which was pronounced mainly in the colder seasons in subtropical Lake Taihu, similar to findings in the early phase of re-oligotrophication in numerous temperate lakes.</p>
Data from: The nightscape of the Arctic winter shapes the diving behavior of a pelagic predator
<p><span>Predator-prey interactions in marine ecosystems are dynamically structured by light, which is exemplified by diel vertical migrations of low-trophic level organisms. At high latitudes, the long winter nights provide foraging opportunities for marine predators targeting vertically migrating prey closer to the surface at night while minimizing energy expenditure, but there is limited documentation of such diel patterns under extreme light regimes. To address this knowledge gap, we recorded the diving behavior of 17 harbour porpoises just south of the Arctic circle in West Greenland, from summer to winter. Unlike classical diel vertical migration, the porpoises dove three times deeper at night and the frequency of deep dives (>100 m) increased tenfold as they entered the darkest months. The daily mean depth was negatively correlated with daylength, confirming this reverse diel migration and suggesting an increased activity—presumably to target prey at greater depths—when approaching the polar night. Our findings illustrate a light-mediated strategy in which harbour porpoises would maximize energy gain during long periods of darkness while minimizing energy expenditure by accessing vertically migrating prey, which are otherwise inaccessible in deep waters. Extreme light regimes observed at high latitudes are therefore critical in structuring pelagic communities and food webs.</span></p>
Fitness and cold tolerance of Spodoptera frugiperda fed on corn and two winter crops (Original data)
<p>草地贪夜蛾(FAW)草<em>地</em>贪夜蛾是一种主要的迁徙和多噬性害虫。FAW的越冬、迁徙和定植性状与植被和寄主适应性密切相关。在这项研究中,我们调查了春夏作物(玉米)和两种冬季作物(卷心菜,<em>芸苔</em>属和油菜,油菜,油菜)的产卵偏好,喂养<em>偏好,适应性</em>和耐寒性。结果表明,FAW可以通过喂食卷心菜和油菜来完成其生命周期,尽管健康状况不如玉米。以卷心菜为食的FAW存活率、雌蛹质量和宿主适宜性指数高于油菜,幼虫更喜欢以油菜叶为食,雌性更喜欢在油菜植株上产卵。此外,与玉米和油菜相比,以卷心菜为食的FAW幼虫从寒晕中恢复的时间最短,表明以卷心菜为食可提高FAW幼虫的耐寒性。因此,卷心菜可能是FAW的理想宿主,需要在冬季生存和繁殖。研究结果提高了我们对FAW寄主选择和适应的理解,为预测FAW冬季繁殖区奠定了基础。</p>
Influence of small-scale spatial variability of soil properties on yield formation of winter wheat
<p>This is a data set of soil properties and plant properties of winter wheat.</p> <p>The data derived from a long-term field trial for the year 2016 at the Asendorf field station 70 km north of Hanover, Germany (49 m above sea level, 52°45′48.4′′N 9°01′24.3′′E) and a field site in Triesdorf, located in Northern Bavaria (450 m a.s.l., 49°12'36.5"N 10°38'33.9"E).</p> <p>Data includes soil (OC, bulk density, texture, pH-value) and plant data (grain yield, thousand grain weight, tillers per m², spikes per m²). All methods and data will be described in an upcoming journal article in the Journal Plant and Soil (DOI:10.1007/s111104-023-06212-2).</p>
Corn field management for wintering waterfowl on eastern Long Island, New York
<p>The study took place in corn fields in Suffolk County, Long Island, New York, 7 February – 4 April 2018 and 7 February – 10 April 2019 (Fig.1). Fields were planted for typical production corn with 15.2 cm (6 inch) spacing among plants in rows 30.5 cm (12 inch) apart. Suffolk County contains coastal wetlands, freshwater ponds, and rural landscapes where corn fields are available to wintering waterfowl. Seasonal corn yield and wildlife abundance were determined at two corn fields in 2018 and 2019 (Cutchogue [41.023 ° N, -72.511° W] and Orient Point [41.141° N, -72.278° W]) and included another corn field in 2019 (Brookhaven [40.798° N, -72.891° W]).</p> <p>Corn fields were divided into three sections and marked them with flagging to identify them from a distance. The mean (± SE) corn field size was 4.08 ± 0.20 ha (Cutchogue = 3.99 ha, [0.87 ha, 1.33 ha, and 1.79 ha sections]; Orient = 4.47 ha, [1.46 ha, 1.46 ha, and 1.55 ha sections]; Brookhaven = 3.78 ha, [1.26 ha, 1.26 ha, and 1.26 ha sections]).</p> <p>Corn field samples were taken to obtain an index of corn availability and corn depletion rates following Barney [8]. One section in each field was chopped with a brush-hog every 2 weeks until all three sections in a field were chopped. Section of standing corn were sampled once the day before chopping and after chopping once every two weeks in 2018 and weekly in 2019. Sampling was adjusted to weekly in 2019 because some sections were depleted to zero or near zero kg/ha in < 2 weeks during 2018. A random sampling design was used to distribute samples throughout the field. Main transects (<em>n</em> = 3) were established perpendicular to the field edge in each section of a field (evenly spaced 20 − 26 m apart). Each sampling period, a random number generator was used to select sampling points along each main transect. The same number of samples were taken along each main transect (<em>n</em> = 4; <em>n </em>= 12 per section). A random number generator was used to determine the left or right direction of samples to be taken off of the main transect along a perpendicular transect. A random number generator was used to determine the distance of the sampling point along the perpendicular transect (between 1 – 10 m). Corn was sampled using a 1 m <strong>× </strong>1 m quadrat at each sampling point and all corn within each quadrat was collected and placed in marked plastic bags. All individual kernels, cobs full of kernels, and cobs partial covered in kernels were included in the sample and frozen within 4 hrs of sampling. In the lab, corn was thawed, kernels were removed from cobs, and samples were dried at 60℃ until a constant mass at 48 hrs and weighed to ± 0.1 g, and reported as kg/ha.</p> <p>Wildlife surveys were conducted at each field 8 February – 3 April 2018 and 8 February – 9 April 2019. Morning and evening surveys were conducted, switching the time of survey at each field weekly. Morning surveys occurred 30 min before to 2 h after sunrise and evening surveys were 2 h before to 30 mins after sunset. To survey two fields on the same day, one field was surveyed in the morning and another field in the evening following weekly protocol for switching survey times. Each field was surveyed 3 times per week. Observation points were adjusted accordingly to maximize clear line of site when each section was chopped. Waterfowl flew into and landed in fields during sunrise and sunset surveys. Canada geese that were in fields at the start counts were included. This scenario reduced error in counting and identifying waterfowl to species, so 100% detection was assumed. For each field, total number of waterfowl, species composition, and other wildlife were recorded. Other wildlife included blackbirds (<em>Icteridae</em>), white-tailed deer (<em>Odocoileus virginianus</em>), and wild turkeys (<em>Meleagris gallopavo</em>).</p>
Data from: Loss of flockmates weakens winter site fidelity in golden-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia atricapilla)
<p>Animal social interactions have an intrinsic spatial basis—individuals must be close in space to interact, whether directly (e.g., co-occurrence, allo-grooming) or indirectly (e.g., interact with latrines or with parasites at communal nests). This presents a dilemma when determining causality: do individuals interact socially because they happen to share space, or do they share space because they are socially linked? We present a method that uses demographic turnover events as a natural experiment to investigate the links between social associations and space use in the context of inter-annual winter site fidelity in a migratory bird. We previously found that golden-crowned sparrows (<em>Zonotrichia atricapilla</em>) show consistent flocking relationships across years, and that familiarity between individuals influences the dynamics of social competition over resources. Using long-term data on winter social and spatial behavior across 10 years, we show that (i) sparrows exhibit inter-annual fidelity to winter home ranges on the scale of tens of meters and (ii) the precision of inter-annual spatial fidelity increases with age, but (iii) this fidelity is weakened when sparrows lose social partners from the previous year. Furthermore, the effect of social partner loss on spatial fidelity was higher for older birds, suggesting that social fidelity may play an increasingly important role on spatial behavior across the lifetime of this migratory bird. Our study provides evidence that social relationships can influence spatial fidelity, and shows the potential of long-term studies for disentangling the relationship between social and spatial behavior.</p>
Fig. 1 in New Distributional Records and Another Case of Winter Activity of Malpolon insignitus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1827) (Reptilia: Psammophiidae) in South-Western Bulgaria
Fig. 1. Distribution of Malpolon insignitus in south-western Bulgaria, based on a 5 km UTM grid.
Squamate metabolic rates decrease in winter beyond the effect of temperature
<ol> <li><span>The reptilian form of hibernation (brumation) is much less studied than its mammalian and insect equivalents. Hibernation and brumation share some basic features but may differ in others. Evidence for hypometabolism in brumating reptiles beyond the effect of temperature is sporadic and often ignored. </span></li> <li><span>We calculated the standard metabolic rates (SMR, oxygen uptake during inactivity), in winter and/or summer, of 156 individuals representing 59 species of Israeli squamates across all 17 local families. For 32 species, we measured the same individuals during both seasons. We measured gas exchange continuously in a dark metabolic chamber, under the average January high and low temperatures (20°C and 12°C), during daytime and nighttime. We examined how SMR changes with season, biome, body size, temperature, and time of day, using phylogenetic mixed models. </span></li> <li> <span>Metabolic rates increased at sunrise in the diurnal species, despite no light or other external cues, while in nocturnal species the metabolic rates did not increase. Cathemeral species shifted from a diurnal-like diel pattern in winter to a nocturnal-like pattern in summer. Regardless of season, Mediterranean species SMRs were 30% higher than similar-sized desert species. Summer SMR of all species together scaled with body size with an exponent of 0.84 but dropped to 0.71 during brumation. Individuals measured during both seasons decreased their SMR between summer and winter by </span><span>47</span><span>%, on average, at 20</span><span>°C and by 7</span><span>0</span><span>% at 12</span><span>°C. Q<sub>10</sub> was 1.75 times higher in winter than in summer, possibly indicating an active suppression of metabolic processes under cold temperatures. </span> </li> <li><span>Our results challenge the commonly held perception that squamate physiology is mainly shaped by temperature, with little role for intrinsic metabolic regulation. The patterns we describe indicate that seasonal, diel, and geographic factors can trigger remarkable shifts in metabolism across squamate species.</span></li> </ol>
Code and dataframe for: Going with the floe: Sea-ice movement affects distance and destination during Adélie penguin winter movements
<p>Collection of code and dataframes used to calculate ice support vector-based metrics and run ice support models in R for Ecology submission.</p> <p>Dataframes:</p> <p>IceSupportDF_envinddatana.RData - Data frame used to run both distance and support models.</p> <p>Code:</p> <p>Final_Distance_Model_Ecology.R - Code used to run and evaluate distance model</p> <p>Final_Support_Model_Ecology.R - Code used to run and evaluate support model</p> <p>ice_vector_metrics_Ecology.R - Code showing mathematical functions listed in manuscript for vector based ice support metrics were calculated</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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