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1,774 results for “accelerators”
Data from: Accelerating across the landscape: the energetic costs of natal dispersal in a large herbivore
1. Dispersal is a key mechanism enabling species to adjust their geographic range to rapid global change. However, dispersal is costly and environmental modifications are likely to modify the cost-benefit balance of individual dispersal decisions, for example, by decreasing functional connectivity. 2. Dispersal costs occur during departure, transience and settlement, and are levied in terms of energy, risk, time and lost opportunity, potentially influencing individual fitness. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has yet quantified the energetic costs of dispersal across the dispersal period by comparing dispersing and philopatric individuals in the wild.3. Here, we employed animal-born bio-loggers on a relatively large sample (N = 105) of juvenile roe deer to estimate energy expenditure indexed using the vector of dynamic body acceleration (VeDBA) and mobility (distance travelled) in an intensively monitored population in the south west of France. We predicted that energy expenditure would be higher in dispersers compared to philopatric individuals. We expected costs to be i/ particularly high during transience, ii/ especially high in the more fragmented areas of the landscape, and iii/ concentrated during the night to avoid disturbance caused by human activity. 4. There were no differences in energy expenditure between dispersers and philopatric individuals during the pre-dispersal phase. However, dispersers expended around 22% more energy and travelled around 63% further per day than philopatric individuals during transience. Differences in energy expenditure were much less pronounced during the settlement phase. The costs of transience were almost uniquely confined to the dawn period, when dispersers spent 23% more energy and travelled 112% further than philopatric individuals. Finally, the energetic costs of transience per unit time and the total distance travelled to locate a suitable settlement range were higher in areas of high road density. 5. Our results provide strong support for the hypothesis that natal dispersal is energetically costly and indicate that transience is the most costly part of the process, particularly in fragmented landscapes. Further work is required to link dispersal costs with fitness components so as to understand the likely outcome of further environmental modifications on the evolution of dispersal behaviour.
Data from: Antagonistic coevolution accelerates the evolution of reproductive isolation in Tribolium castaneum
The evolution of reproductive isolation among populations is often the result of selective forces. Among those, parasites exert strong selection on host populations and can thus also potentially drive reproductive isolation. This hypothesis has yet to be explicitly tested and, here, we set up a multigenerational coevolution experiment to explore this possibility. Five lines of Tribolium castaneum were allowed to coevolve with their natural parasite, Nosema whitei; five paired lines of identical origin were maintained in the absence of parasites. After 17 generations, we measured resistance within and reproductive isolation between all lines. Host lines from the coevolution treatment had considerable higher levels of resistance against N. whitei than their paired host lines which were maintained in the absence of parasites. Reproductive isolation was greater in the coevolved selection regime and correlated with phenotypic differentiation in parasite resistance between coevolved host lines. This suggests the presence of a selection-driven genetic correlation between offspring number and resistance. Our results show that parasites can be a driving force in the evolution of reproductive isolation, and thus potentially speciation.
Data from: Experimental demonstration of accelerated extinction in source-sink metapopulations
Population extinction is a fundamental ecological process which may be aggravated by the exchange of organisms between productive (source) and unproductive (sink) habitat patches. The extent to which such source-sink exchange affects extinction rates is unknown. We conducted an experiment in which metapopulation effects could be distinguished from source-sink effects in laboratory populations of Daphnia magna. Time-to-extinction in this experiment was maximized at intermediate levels of habitat fragmentation, which is consistent with a minority of theoretical models. These results provided a baseline for comparison with experimental treatments designed to detect effects of concentrating resources in source patches. These treatments showed that source-sink configurations increased population variability (the coefficient of variation in abundance) and extinction hazard compared with homogeneous environments. These results suggest that where environments are spatially heterogeneous, accurate assessments of extinction risk will require understanding the exchange of organisms among population sources and sinks. Such heterogeneity may be the norm rather than the exception because of both the intrinsic heterogeneity naturally exhibited by ecosystems and increasing habitat fragmentation by human activity.
The final acceleration of MAD station
<p>The final acceleration of MAD station.</p>
Supplementary data to BANMF-S: a blockwise accelerated non-negative matrix factorization framework with structural network constraints for single cell RNA-seq data imputation
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Accelerating the Conjugate Gradient Method on Distributed-Memory Computers: Software and Experiment Data
<p>This Zenodo record consists of supplementary material for journal article 'Accelerating the Conjugate Gradient Method on Distributed-Memory Computers' by Kozický, Šimeček and Rúra. Archive 'software.zip' contains the source code of the software we used to perform the experiments in our article, archive 'data-experiments.zip' contains the raw data from our experiments and archive 'data-manuscript.zip' contains the result data presented in our article.</p>
Accelerated Cell Type Evolution in the Human Brain
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Proton and Helium Ion Acceleration at Magnetotail Plasma Jets
<p>Additional files</p>
Which lower-limb joints compensate for destabilising energy introduced by unilateral treadmill belt accelerations delivered during walking in humans?
<p>Dataset including kinematics, kinetics, and mechanical powers during human walking with unilateral treadmill perturbations delivered in early or late stance.</p>
Increased precipitation and nitrogen addition accelerate the temporal increase of soil respiration during eight-year old-field grassland succession
<p><span>Ecological</span><span> succession after disturbance plays a vital role in influencing ecosystem structure and functioning. </span><span>However, how global change factors regulate ecosystem carbon (C) cycling in successional plant communities remains largely elusive. </span><span>As part of an eight-year (2012-2019) manipulative experiment, this study was designed to examine the responses of soil respiration and its heterotrophic component to simulated increases in precipitation and atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition in an old-field grassland undergoing secondary succession. </span><span>Over the eight-year experimental period, increased precipitation stimulated soil respiration by 11.6%, but did not affect soil heterotrophic respiration. Nitrogen addition increased both soil respiration (5.1%) and heterotrophic respiration (6.2%). Soil respiration and heterotrophic respiration linearly increased with time in the control plots, resulting from changes in soil moisture and shifts of plant community composition from grass-forb codominance to grass dominance</span><span> in this old-field grassland. Compared to the control</span><span>, </span><span>increased precipitation significantly strengthened the temporal increase of soil respiration through stimulating belowground net primary producti</span><span>vity. By contrast, N addition accelerated temporal increases of both soil respiration and its heterotrophic component by driving plant community shifts and thus stimulating soil organic C.</span><span> Our findings indicate that increases in water and N availabilities may accelerate soil C release during old-field grassland succession and reduce their potential positive impacts on soil C accumulation under future climate change scenarios.</span></p>
Generalized Rayleigh-Taylor Instability: Ion Inertia, Acceleration Forces, and E Region Drivers
<p>electron density and growth rate data files</p>
HiPACE++ input scripts for "Self-stabilizing positron acceleration in a plasma column"
<p>This dataset presents the <a href="https://github.com/Hi-PACE/hipace">HiPACE++</a> input scripts required to re-create the data of Fig. 2 and 4 in the article "Self-stabilizing positron acceleration in a plasma column" by S. Diederichs, C. Benedetti, M. Thévenet, E. Esarey, J. Osterhoff, and C. B. Schroeder.</p>
Supplementary material 3 from: Vodrážková M, Šetlíková I, Navrátil J, Berec M (2022) Presence of an alien turtle accelerates hatching of common frog (Rana temporaria) tadpoles. NeoBiota 74: 155-169. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.74.82250
Tables 1–3
Supplementary material 2 from: Vodrážková M, Šetlíková I, Navrátil J, Berec M (2022) Presence of an alien turtle accelerates hatching of common frog (Rana temporaria) tadpoles. NeoBiota 74: 155-169. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.74.82250
Developmental stage, size
Supplementary material 1 from: Vodrážková M, Šetlíková I, Navrátil J, Berec M (2022) Presence of an alien turtle accelerates hatching of common frog (Rana temporaria) tadpoles. NeoBiota 74: 155-169. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.74.82250
Hatching time
Accelerating wheat breeding for end-use quality through association mapping and multivariate genomic prediction
<p>In hard winter wheat breeding, the evaluation of end-use quality is expensive and time-consuming, being relegated to the final stages of the breeding program after selection for many traits including disease resistance, agronomic performance and grain yield. In this study, our objectives were to identify genetic variants underlying baking quality traits through genome-wide association mapping (GWAS) and develop improved genomic selection (GS) models for the quality traits in hard winter wheat. Advanced breeding lines (n=462) from 2015-2017 were genotyped using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) and evaluated for baking quality. Significant associations were detected for mixograph mixing time and bake mixing time; most of which were within or in tight linkage to glutenin and gliadin loci, and could be suitable for marker-assisted breeding. Candidate genes for newly associated loci are phosphate-dependent decarboxylase and lipid transfer protein genes, which are believed to affect nitrogen metabolism and dough development, respectively. The use of GS can both shorten the breeding cycle time and significantly increase the number of lines that could be selected for quality traits; thus we evaluated various GS models for end-use quality traits. As a baseline, univariate GS models had 0.25 to 0.55 prediction accuracy in cross-validation and from 0 to 0.41 in forward-prediction. By including secondary traits as additional predictor variables (univariate GS with covariates) or correlated response variables (multivariate GS), the prediction accuracies were increased relative to the univariate model using only genomic information. The improved genomic prediction models have great potential to further accelerate wheat breeding for end-use quality.</p>
Nonlethal deleterious mutation–induced stress accelerates bacterial aging
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Data for: Schaub et al., Salt supersaturation as an accelerator of influenza A virus inactivation in 1-μl droplets
<p><strong>Experimental data</strong></p> <p>This folder contains the experimental data to the figures shown in the main manuscript and Supporting Information.</p> <p>Figure 1: inactivation curves for 1- and 2-μl NaCl droplet experiments at 30% RH + NaCl control (infectivity titer and genomic copy enumeration). "Efflorescence" indicates the time at which efflorescence was first observed.</p> <p>Figure 1: relative radius of NaCl droplets during evaporation. "Efflorescence" indicates the time at which efflorescence was first observed.</p> <p>Figure 2: inactivation curves for 1-μl NaCl and LiCl droplet experiments at 30 and 65% RH + NaCl and LiCl controls (infectivity titer and genomic copy enumeration). "Efflorescence" indicates the time at which efflorescence was first observed.</p> <p>Figure 2: relative radius of NaCl and LiCl droplets during evaporation. "Efflorescence" indicates the time at which efflorescence was first observed.</p> <p>Figure 3: inactivation curves for 1-μl NaCl and NaCl/sucrose droplet experiments at 30 % RH + NaCl and NaCl/sucrose controls (infectivity titer and genomic copy enumeration). "Efflorescence" indicates the time at which efflorescence was first observed.</p> <p>Figure 3: relative radius of NaCl and NaCl/sucrose droplets during evaporation. "Efflorescence" indicates the time at which efflorescence was first observed.</p> <p>Figure 5: virus enumeration (infectivity titer and genomic copies) for virion integrity assay.</p> <p>Figure S2: relative radius of NaCl droplets during evaporation at 65% RH. "Efflorescence" indicates the time at which efflorescence was first observed.</p> <p>Figure S5: inactivation curves for bulk experiments at various NaCl molalities (infectivity titer).</p> <p>Figure S6: inactivation curves for 1-μl NaCl droplet experiment at 74% RH (infectivity titer and genomic copy enumeration).</p> <p>Figure S8: inactivation curves for bulk experiments at pH 11 (infectivity titer).</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abbrevations used:</strong></p> <p>GC = Genomic Copies</p> <p>LoQ = Limit of Quantification</p> <p>m = molality (mol/kg H2O)</p> <p>PFU = Plaque Forming Unit</p> <p>ul = microliter</p>
Dataset for accelerating the calculation of electron-phonon coupling strength with machine learning
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First aggregation and settling for f = 10 Hz, accelerated 60x
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.