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FIGURE 5 in Coral reef-associated brachyuran fauna (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Angria Bank off the west coast of India
FIGURE 5. Trapezia tigrina Eydoux & Souleyet, 1842, 1 male, 1 female (NIO/BOD/AB/BRY/00006, both damaged specimens), eastern Arabian Sea, India: (A) dorsal habitus of male (fresh colour); (B) ventral habitus of male (fresh colour); (C) dorsal habitus of female (fresh colour); (D) ventral habitus of female (fresh colour). Serenius ceylonicus (Laurie, 1906), male (NIO/ BOD/AB/BRY/00003, 5.9 × 4.1 mm), eastern Arabian Sea, India: (E) dorsal habitus (preserved colour); (F) ventral habitus (preserved colour); (G) right cheliped, dorsal view; (H) P5, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–D, 10 mm, E–H, 1 mm.
FIGURE 4 in Coral reef-associated brachyuran fauna (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Angria Bank off the west coast of India
FIGURE 4. Xiphonectes macrophthalmus (Rathbun, 1906), female (NIO/BOD/AB/BRY/00010, 6.0 × 2.9 mm), eastern Arabian Sea, India: (A) dorsal habitus (fresh colour); (B) carapace, dorsal view; (C) cephalothorax, ventral view; (D) right cheliped, dorsal view. Thalamita gatavakensis Nobili, 1906, male (NIO/BOD/AB/BRY/00011, 5.7 × 3.4 mm), eastern Arabian Sea, India: (E) dorsal habitus (fresh colour); (F) carapace, dorsal view; (G) cephalothorax, ventral view; (H) G1 distal portion, pleonal view. Scale bars: A–G, 1 mm, H, 0.5 mm.
Figure 3 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral family Lobophylliidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)
Figure 3. Micromorphology and microstructure of thickening deposits in Lobophylliidae. (A–E) Acanthastrea echinata (Dana, 1846); UNIMIB PFB201, Duad Island, Papua New Guinea. Microtuberculate texture was observed on surfaces of skeletal structures: overall (scanning electron microscopy; A); enlarged view of septal teeth that, in addition to granulations corresponding to centres of rapid accretion (blue arrows; B), shows microgranulation texture (red arrow and circle; C). Tips of these microtubercules correspond to slender bundles of fibres (red arrow and dashed lines) that form thickening deposits (regular growth bands marked with yellow arrows; polished and etched section, D; transverse thin section under polarized light, E). (F–K) the same microstructure of thickening deposits was observed in other lobophylliids (red arrow and dashed lines), suggesting clade-specific biomineralization control of formation. Similar structural organisation of thickening deposits may be affected by early diagenetic and/or bioerosional processes. (F) Homophyllia bowerbanki (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1857); MTQ MH019, Lord Howe Island, Australia. (G) Homophyllia hillae (Wells, 1955) (= Homophyllia bowerbanki); MTQ MH046, north Noddy Island, Lord Howe Island, Australia. (H) Cynarina lacrymalis (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849a); IRD HS1604, Banc Gail, New Caledonia. (I) Lobophyllia costata (Dana, 1846); UNIMIB GA024, Gambier Islands, French Polynesia. (J) Echinophyllia orpheensis Veron & Pichon, 1980; MTQ 6821, Little Pioneer Bay, Orpheus Island, Palm Islands, Australia. (K) Oxypora lacera (Verrill, 1864); UNIMIB DJ155, Djibouti.
Figure 11. Micromussa Veron, 2000 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral family Lobophylliidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)
Figure 11. Micromussa Veron, 2000, has discrete corallites with double walls, medium-size (4–15 mm) and mediumrelief (3–6 mm) calices, septa in three cycles (24–36 septa), and well-developed epitheca. Septal teeth with medium height (0.3–0.6 mm) and spacing (0.3–1.0 mm), equally shaped between first- and third-order septa, equally sized between wall and septum, strong (pointed) granules, and smooth interarea. Walls formed by dominant paratheca and partial septotheca, with strong costa centre clusters. (A) Micromussa amakusensis (Veron, 1990), type species of Micromussa; macromorphology, holotype MTQ G32485, Amakusa Islands, Japan. (B, C) Micromussa indiana Benzoni & Arrigoni in Arrigoni et al., 2016a; micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy; B) and microstructure (transverse thin section; C), hypotype UF 457, Oman. (D–F) Micromussa multipunctata (Hodgson, 1985); macromorphology (D), micromorphology (E), and microstructure (F), hypotype UP P1L02161, Talim Point, Batangas, Philippines.
Figure 2 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral family Lobophylliidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)
Figure 2. Phylogenetic reconstructions of the reef coral family Lobophylliidae with Merulinidae as outgroup. Molecular subclades within Lobophylliidae are differentiated by colour (Arrigoni et al., 2015). (A) strict consensus of 18 maximum parsimony trees based on histone H3, internal transcribed spacers, and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I. Numbers adjacent to branches show support values (upper: maximum likelihood bootstrap ≥ 50, Bayesian posterior probability ≥ 0.9; lower: maximum parsimony bootstrap ≥ 50). (B) strict consensus of 17 maximum parsimony trees based on 46 morphological characters, with numbers indicating support (upper: Bremer decay index ≥ 2; lower: maximum parsimony bootstrap ≥ 50).
Figure 7 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral family Lobophylliidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)
Figure 7. Cynarina Br€ uggemann, 1877, is solitary, with discrete corallites, large (> 15 mm) and high-relief (> 6 mm) calices, septa in ≥ 4 cycles (≥ 48 septa), and weak/moderate septal lobes. Septal teeth are tall (> 0.6 mm) and widely spaced (> 1 mm), unequally shaped between first- and third-order septa, unequally sized between wall and septum, with palisade interarea. Walls formed by dominant paratheca and partial septotheca, with strong costa centre clusters and medial lines. (A–F) Cynarina lacrymalis (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849a), type species of Cynarina; macromorphology, Cynarina savignyi Br € uggemann, 1877, syntype of Cynarina NHMUK (unlabelled lot), Gulf of Suez, Red Sea (A; photo by N. Santodomingo); micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy; B) and microstructure (transverse thin section; C), hypotype USNM 93865, Madang, Papua New Guinea; macromorphology (D), micromorphology (E), and microstructure (F), hypotype USNM 93862, Madang, Papua New Guinea.
Figure 10 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral family Lobophylliidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)
Figure 10. Homophyllia Br€ uggemann, 1877, has discrete corallites with fused walls, large (> 15 mm) and high-relief (> 6 mm) calices, septa in ≥ 4 cycles (≥ 48 septa), and well-developed epitheca. Septal teeth are tall (> 0.6 mm) and widely spaced (> 1 mm), equally shaped between first- and third-order septa, equally sized between wall and septum, with uniformly distributed granules, and smooth interarea. Walls formed by dominant paratheca and partial septotheca, with strong costa centre clusters. (A–C) Homophyllia australis (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849a), type species of Homophyllia; macromorphology, syntype NHMUK 1840.11.30.77, Port Lincoln, South Australia (A; photo by H. Taylor); micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy; B) and microstructure (transverse thin section; C), hypotype USNM 85709, Sir Joseph Banks Group, South Australia. (D–F) Homophyllia bowerbanki (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1857); macromorphology, holotype MNHN scle850, Australia (D); micromorphology (E) and microstructure (F), hypotype IRD HS3285, New Caledonia. (G–I) Homophyllia hillae (Wells, 1955) (=Homophyllia bowerbanki); macromorphology, holotype QM F17943, Moreton Bay, Australia (G); micromorphology (H) and microstructure (I), hypotype USNM 91198, Lord Howe Island, Australia.
Figure 14. Sclerophyllia Klunzinger, 1879 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral family Lobophylliidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)
Figure 14. Sclerophyllia Klunzinger, 1879, is solitary or colonial, with discrete corallites, double walls in colonies, large (> 15 mm) and high-relief (> 6 mm) calices, septa in ≥ 4 cycles (≥ 48 septa), and well-developed epitheca. Septal teeth are tall (> 0.6 mm) and widely spaced (> 1 mm), unequally shaped between first- and third-order septa, equally sized between wall and septum, and palisade interarea. Walls formed by dominant paratheca and partial septotheca, with strong costa centre clusters. (A) Sclerophyllia margariticola Klunzinger, 1879, type species of Sclerophyllia; macromorphology, syntype ZMB Cni 2181, Egypt, Red Sea. (B–F) Sclerophyllia maxima (Sheppard & Salm, 1988); micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy; B, E) and microstructure (transverse thin section; C, F), hypotype UNIMIB MU161, Yemen; macromorphology, holotype NHMUK 1986.11.17.2, Muscat, Oman (D).
Figure 9. Echinophyllia Klunzinger, 1879 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral family Lobophylliidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)
Figure 9. Echinophyllia Klunzinger, 1879, has organically united and sometimes polymorphic corallites, extensive coenosteum (≥ corallite diameter), septa in ≤ 3 cycles (≤ 36 septa), large (≥ 1/4 of calice width) spongy columellae, and weak/moderate paliform (uniaxial) lobes. Septal teeth with medium height (0.3–0.6 mm) and spacing (0.3–1.0 mm), equally sized between wall and septum, and smooth interarea. Walls formed by dominant paratheca and partial septotheca, with strong costa medial lines. (A–C) Echinophyllia aspera (Ellis & Solander, 1786), type species of Echinophyllia; macromorphology, holotype GLAHM 104004 (A; photo by K. G. Johnson); micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy; B) and microstructure (transverse thin section; C), hypotype USNM 45075, Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands. (D–F) Echinophyllia echinoporoides Veron & Pichon, 1980; macromorphology, holotype NHMUK 1983.9.27.4, Whitsunday Islands, Australia (D); micromorphology (E) and microstructure (F), hypotype UNIMIB PFB379, Madang, Papua New Guinea. (G–I) Echinophyllia orpheensis Veron & Pichon, 1980; macromorphology, holotype MTQ G57510, south Pioneer Bay, Orpheus Island, Palm Islands, Australia (G); micromorphology (H) and microstructure (I), hypotype USNM 93798, Madang, Papua New Guinea.
Figure 1 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral family Lobophylliidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)
Figure 1. Comparisons amongst recent classifications of genera in Lobophylliidae. Continuous lines track generic synonyms, whereas dotted lines indicate movements of species amongst genera. See Stolarski & Roniewicz (2001) for comparisons with Vaughan & Wells (1943), Wells (1956), Alloiteau (1952), and Chevalier & Beauvais (1987).
Figure 8. Echinomorpha Veron, 2000 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral family Lobophylliidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)
Figure 8. Echinomorpha Veron, 2000, may be solitary; colonies contain organically united and polymorphic corallites, with large (> 15 mm) and medium-relief (3–6 mm) calices, septa in ≥ 4 cycles (≥ 48 septa), large (≥ 1/4 of calice width) spongy columellae, and weak paliform (uniaxial) lobes. (A, B) Echinomorpha nishihirai (Veron, 1990), type and only living species of Echinomorpha; macromorphology, holotype MTQ G32483, Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan.
Figure 13. Oxypora Saville Kent, 1871 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral family Lobophylliidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)
Figure 13. Oxypora Saville Kent, 1871, has organically united and sometimes polymorphic corallites, extensive coenosteum (≥ corallite diameter), septa in <3 cycles (<24 septa), and large (≥ 1/4 of calice width), compact columellae. Septal teeth with medium height (0.3–0.6 mm) and spacing (0.3–1.0 mm), equally sized between wall and septum, and smooth interarea. Walls formed by dominant paratheca and partial septotheca, with strong costa medial lines. (A–C) Oxypora lacera (Verrill, 1864), type species of Oxypora; macromorphology, syntype MCZ IZ 44065, Singapore (A; photo by A. J. Baldinger); micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy; B) and microstructure (transverse thin section; C), hypotype UNIMIB BU004, Burum, Yemen. (D–F) Oxypora glabra Nemenzo, 1959; macromorphology, holotype UP C-300, Paniquian Island, Puerto Galera, Philippines (D; photo by K. S. Luzon); micromorphology (E) and microstructure (F), hypotype USNM 92395, Auluptagel Island, Palau.
Figure 12. Moseleya Quelch, 1884 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral family Lobophylliidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)
Figure 12. Moseleya Quelch, 1884, has discrete corallites that may be polymorphic, with fused walls, large (> 15 mm) and high-relief (> 6 mm) calices, and septa in ≥ 4 cycles (≥ 48 septa). Septal teeth are tall (> 0.6 mm) with medium spacing (0.3–1.0 mm), unequally shaped between first- and third-order septa, equally sized between wall and septum, and palisade interarea. Walls formed by dominant paratheca and partial septotheca, with strong costa centre clusters. (A–F) Moseleya latistellata Quelch, 1884, type and only living species of Moseleya; macromorphology, holotype NHMUK 1886.12.9.158, Wednesday Island, Torres Strait, Australia (A; photo by H. Taylor); micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy; B, E) and microstructure (transverse thin section; C, F), hypotype MTQ G61909, Magnetic Island, Queensland, Australia; macromorphology, hypotype MTQ G39700, Thursday Island, Queensland, Australia (D).
Figure 6 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral family Lobophylliidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)
Figure 6. Australophyllia Benzoni & Arrigoni in Arrigoni et al., 2016a, has uniserial corallites with fused walls sometimes forming monticules, medium-size (4–15 mm) and medium-relief (3–6 mm) calices, septa in ≥ 4 cycles (≥ 48 septa), and well-developed epitheca. Septal teeth typically with medium height (0.3–0.6 mm) and spacing (0.3–1.0 mm), equally shaped between first- and third-order septa, equally sized between wall and septum, and smooth interarea. Walls formed by dominant paratheca and partial septotheca, with strong costa centre clusters. (A–F) Australophyllia wilsoni (Veron, 1985), type and only living species of Australophyllia; macromorphology, holotype WAM Z910, Rat Island, Houtman Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia (A, D; photo by WAM); micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy; B, E), hypotype WAM WIL05, Hall Bank, Western Australia; and microstructure (transverse thin section; C, F), hypotype WAM WIL03, Hall Bank, Western Australia.
Figure 5 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral family Lobophylliidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)
Figure 5. Acanthastrea Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848a, generally has discrete corallites, with varying amounts of coenosteum, or may be phaceloid/flabello-meandroid, with medium to large (≥ 4 mm) and medium- to high-relief (≥ 3 mm) calices, and septa in three cycles (24–36 septa). Septal teeth with medium height (0.3–0.6 mm) and medium to wide spacing (≥ 0.3 mm), unequally shaped between first- and third-order septa, equally sized between wall and septum, and smooth interarea. Walls formed by dominant paratheca and partial septotheca, with strong costa and septum centre clusters. (A–C) Acanthastrea echinata (Dana, 1846), type species of Acanthastrea; macromorphology, Acanthastrea spinosa Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848a, holotype of Acanthastrea MNHN IK-2010-599, Tongatapu, Tonga (A; photo by A. Andouche); micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy; B) and microstructure (transverse thin section; C), syntype USNM 25, Fiji. D–F, Acanthastrea pachysepta (Chevalier, 1975); macromorphology, holotype MNHN IK-2010-660, Chesterfield, Islands, New Caledonia (D); micromorphology (E) and microstructure (F), hypotype USNM 45515, Murray Island, Australia. (G–I) Acanthastrea rotundoflora Chevalier, 1975; macromorphology, holotype MNHN IK-2010-675, south-east Fabre Atoll, New Caledonia (G); micromorphology (H) and microstructure (I), hypotype IRD HS3166, New Caledonia.
FIGURE 1 in Corononema vulgare sp. n. and Hofmaenneria coralis sp. n. (Nematoda, Monhysterida) from coral reefs off the coast of Vietnam
FIGURE 1. Corononema vulgaris sp. n. Holotype male and paratype female. A: male, head; B: male, anterior body end; C: spicules and gubernaculum; D: female, posterior body end; E: male, posterior body end. Scale bars: A, C—10 µm; B—80 µm; D—40 µm; E—30 µm.
FIGURE 4 in Corononema vulgare sp. n. and Hofmaenneria coralis sp. n. (Nematoda, Monhysterida) from coral reefs off the coast of Vietnam
FIGURE 4. Hofmaenneria coralis sp. n. Holotype male and paratype female. A: male, entire body; B: female, entire body; C: male, anterior body end; D and E: male head; F and G—female head; H: female, vulva region; I: male, cloaca region; J: male, posterior body end; K: female, posterior body end L: male, tail end. Scale bars: A—100 µm; B—200 µm; C—50 µm; D, E, F, I, L—5 µm; G—10 µm; H, J, K—20 µm.
FIGURE 2 in Corononema vulgare sp. n. and Hofmaenneria coralis sp. n. (Nematoda, Monhysterida) from coral reefs off the coast of Vietnam
FIGURE 2. Corononema vulgaris sp. n. Holotype male and paratype female. A: male, entire body; B: female, entire body; C: male, anterior body end; D: female, head; E: male, head; F: female, head; G: female, vulva region; H: male, cloaca region; I: male, posterior body end; J: female, posterior body end; K: male, tail end. Scale bars: A, B—100 µm; C—50 µm; D, E, F, H, K—5 µm; G, I, J—20 µm.
FIGURE 3 in Corononema vulgare sp. n. and Hofmaenneria coralis sp. n. (Nematoda, Monhysterida) from coral reefs off the coast of Vietnam
FIGURE 3. Hofmaenneria coralis sp. n. Holotype male and paratype female. A: male, head; B: male, anterior body end; C: female, vulva region; D: female, posterior body end; E: spicules and gubernaculum; F: male, posterior body end. Scale bars: A—10 µm; B—50 µm; C, F—30 µm; D—40 µm; E—15 µm.
Coral reef benthic and fish monitoring data from Turneffe Atoll, Belize, 2010-2023
<p>Coral reefs are crucial centres of biodiversity, sustaining diverse marine species and providing ecosystem services to coastal communities. Monitoring coral reefs allows us to assess how the reefs are changing over time, discerning the potential impact of environmental changes, human activities, and climate events on their health and biodiversity. Here, we present a collection of data obtained through methodologies from the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef Systems Synoptic Monitoring Program (MBRS SMP) and Atlantic and Gulf Rapid Reef Assessment (AGRRA) protocols, including data of benthic point-intercept and invertebrate surveys, coral community characterizations, and reef fish surveys. The dataset encompasses observations spanning the years 2010 to 2023 within Turneffe Atoll Marine Reserve, Belize. By publishing this dataset, we aim to provide a resource for research endeavours related to coral reef dynamics and broader ecological trends. Use of this monitoring data supports the evolution of Turneffe Atoll Marine Reserve as a Marine Protected Area, contributing to informed decision-making and management strategies for the conservation of this vital ecosystem.</p>
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