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Fig. 6 in SPECIFIC AND TROPHIC DIVERSITY OF SOIL NEMATODES IN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS FROM THE ZARAND MOUNTAINS

Fig. 6. - Relative abundance of the nematode FEeding groups in podzolic brown soil of the dmmast oak FOrest FRom BIIrzava (b).

Fig. 5 in SPECIFIC AND TROPHIC DIVERSITY OF SOIL NEMATODES IN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS FROM THE ZARAND MOUNTAINS

Fig. 5. - Relative abundance of the nematode feeding groups in brown earth soil of the durmast oak forest from Corbe�ti.

Fig. 4 in SPECIFIC AND TROPHIC DIVERSITY OF SOIL NEMATODES IN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS FROM THE ZARAND MOUNTAINS

Fig. 4. - Relative abundance of the nematode feeding groups in brown earth soil of the hoRNbeam-beech FOrest from Cladova (b).

Fig. 2 in SPECIFIC AND TROPHIC DIVERSITY OF SOIL NEMATODES IN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS FROM THE ZARAND MOUNTAINS

Fig. 2. - Relative abundance of the nematode FEeding groups in brown acid soil of the beech forest fRom Miidrige�ti a.

Fig. 3 in SPECIFIC AND TROPHIC DIVERSITY OF SOIL NEMATODES IN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS FROM THE ZARAND MOUNTAINS

Fig. 3. - Relative abundance of the nematode feeding groups in brown acid soil of the hornbeambeech forest from Miidrige�ti (b).

Fig. 1 in SPECIFIC AND TROPHIC DIVERSITY OF SOIL NEMATODES IN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS FROM THE ZARAND MOUNTAINS

Fig. 1. - Dendrogram of cluster analysis FOR nematode communities, based on specific affinity, in the deciduous FOrests from the ZaRand Mountains.

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The most remarkable migrants: Systematic analysis of the Western European insect flyway at a Pyrenean mountain pass

<p>In 1950, David and Elizabeth Lack chanced upon a huge migration of insects and birds flying through the Pyrenean Pass of Bujaruelo, later describing the spectacle as combining both grandeur with novelty. The intervening years have seen many changes to land use and climate, posing the question as to the current status of this migratory phenomenon, while a lack of quantitative data has prevented insights into the ecological impact of this mass insect migration and into the factors affecting it. To address this, we revisited the site in autumn over a 4-year period and systematically monitored diurnal insect species and numbers. We document an annual mean of 17.1 million day-flying insects from 5 orders moving south, with 'mass migration' events associated with warmer temperatures, the presence of a headwind, sunlight, low windspeed, and low rainfall. Diptera dominated the migratory assemblage and annual numbers varied by more than fourfold with larger annual migration flows associated with higher autumn temperatures in Northwest Europe. Finally, using observed environmental thresholds for migration, we estimate an annual 'bioflow' of at least 14.6 billion day-flying insects migrating south over the whole Pyrenean Mountain range, highlighting the importance of this route for seasonal insect migrants.</p>

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Fig. 2 in The herpetofauna of Honaz Mountain National Park (Denizli Province, Turkey) and threatening factors

Fig. 2. Some of the amphibian and reptilian species in the study area: (a) Bufo bufo, (b) Hyla orientalis, (c) Rana macrocnemis, (d) Testudo graeca, (e) Mediodactylus kotschyi, (f) Ablepharus kitaibellii, (g) Stellagama stellio, (h) Anatololacerta danfordi, (i) Blanus strauchi, (j) Eryx jaculus, (k) Natrix natrix, and (l) Montivipera xanthina.

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Fig. 1 in The herpetofauna of Honaz Mountain National Park (Denizli Province, Turkey) and threatening factors

Fig. 1. Study area and locations of field surveys in Honaz Mountain National Park, Turkey. The coordinates and elevations of the numbered sites are given in Appendix 1.

Fig. 14 in Amphibian diversity of a West African biodiversity hotspot: an assessment and commented checklist of the batrachofauna of the Ivorian part of the Nimba Mountains

Fig. 14. Ptychadenid, ranid, and rhacophorid frogs from Mount Nimba Integrated Nature Reserve: Ptychadena retropunctata (A); P. stenocephala female (B); P. submascareniensis female (C); P. submascareniensis male (D); P. tournieri female (E); Amnirana sp. 'albolabris west' female (F); Amnirana sp. 'albolabris west' male (G); Chiromantis rufescens male (H).

Fig. 13 in Amphibian diversity of a West African biodiversity hotspot: an assessment and commented checklist of the batrachofauna of the Ivorian part of the Nimba Mountains

Fig. 13. Pipid and ptychadenid frogs from Mount Nimba Integrated Nature Reserve: Xenopus tropicalis female (A); Ptychadena arnei female (B); P. arnei male (C); P. bibroni male (D); P. longirostris male (E); P. oxyrhynchus male (F); P. pujoli male (G); P. pumilio female (H).

Fig. 11 in Amphibian diversity of a West African biodiversity hotspot: an assessment and commented checklist of the batrachofauna of the Ivorian part of the Nimba Mountains

Fig. 11. Hyperoliid, odontobatrachid, and phrynobatrachid frogs from Mount Nimba Integrated Nature Reserve: Kassina cochranae male (A); Odontobatrachus arndti male (B); Phrynobatrachus alleni male (C); P. annulatus male (D); P. francisci female (E); P. fraterculus female (F); P. guineensis male (G); P. gutturosus female (H).

Fig. 10 in Amphibian diversity of a West African biodiversity hotspot: an assessment and commented checklist of the batrachofauna of the Ivorian part of the Nimba Mountains

Fig. 10. Hyperoliid frogs from Mount Nimba Integrated Nature Reserve: Hyperolius picturatus female (A); H. picturatus male (B); H. soror female (C); H. soror male (D); H. cf. sylvaticus male (E); H. cf. sylvaticus male in ventral view (F); H. sp. male (NGK-Nimba 0068) (G); H. sp. male (NGK-Nimba 0068) in ventral view (H).

Fig. 9 in Amphibian diversity of a West African biodiversity hotspot: an assessment and commented checklist of the batrachofauna of the Ivorian part of the Nimba Mountains

Fig. 9. Hyperoliid frogs from Mount Nimba Integrated Nature Reserve: Hyperolius concolor female (A); H. concolor male (B); H. fusciventris fusciventris male (C); H. guttulatus female (D); H. lamottei female (E); H. lamottei male (F); H. nimbae female (G); H. nimbae male (H).

Fig. 7 in Amphibian diversity of a West African biodiversity hotspot: an assessment and commented checklist of the batrachofauna of the Ivorian part of the Nimba Mountains

Fig. 7. Bufonids from Mount Nimba Integrated Nature Reserve: Nimbaphrynoides occidentalis juvenile (A); N. occidentalis female (B); Sclerophrys maculata male (C), the yellow color is only exhibited by some males during breeding; S. maculata female (D); S. regularis male (E); S. regularis female (F); S. togoensis male (G); S. togoensis female (H).

Fig. 8 in Amphibian diversity of a West African biodiversity hotspot: an assessment and commented checklist of the batrachofauna of the Ivorian part of the Nimba Mountains

Fig. 8. Conrauid, dicroglossid, hemisotid, and hyperoliids from Mount Nimba Integrated Nature Reserve: Conraua alleni (A–B); Hoplobatrachus occipitalis (C); Hemisus marmoratus (D); Afrixalus dorsalis (E); A. fulvovittatus (F); Hyperolius chlorosteus (G–H).

Fig. 5 in Amphibian diversity of a West African biodiversity hotspot: an assessment and commented checklist of the batrachofauna of the Ivorian part of the Nimba Mountains

Fig. 5. The Yéalé village at the foothills of Mounts Nimba showing altered former forest habitat (habitat D). The mountains are visible in the background.

Fig. 6 in Amphibian diversity of a West African biodiversity hotspot: an assessment and commented checklist of the batrachofauna of the Ivorian part of the Nimba Mountains

Fig. 6. Arthroleptid frogs from Mount Nimba Integrated Nature Reserve: Arthroleptis crusculum male (A); Arthroleptis poecilonotus- complex female (B); Astylosternus occidentalis female (C); Cardioglossa occidentalis male (D); Leptopelis macrotis male (E); Leptopelis occidentalis male (F); Leptopelis spiritusnoctis female (G); Leptopelis viridis female (H).

Fig. 12 in Amphibian diversity of a West African biodiversity hotspot: an assessment and commented checklist of the batrachofauna of the Ivorian part of the Nimba Mountains

Fig. 12. Phrynobatrachid frogs from Mount Nimba Integrated Nature Reserve: Phrynobatrachus latifrons female (A); P. latifrons male (B); P. liberiensis male (C); P. natalensis male (D); P. natalensis female (E); P. phyllophilus male (F); P. tokba female (G); P. tokba male (H).

Fig. 1 in Amphibian diversity of a West African biodiversity hotspot: an assessment and commented checklist of the batrachofauna of the Ivorian part of the Nimba Mountains

Fig. 1. Geographical location of the Mount Nimba Integrated Nature Reserve, within the westernmost extension of Ivory Coast at the border crossing point with Guinea and Liberia. Four distinct habitats with different amphibian assemblages based on altitudinal and vegetation types are indicated: Montane grasslands at the highest elevations (A: red star; Fig. 2); Mid-elevation savannah grasslands (B: purple star; Fig. 3); Dense, broadleaf and evergreen forests from lower to mid-elevations (C: orange star; Fig. 4); and Altered forests (D: green star; Fig. 5). The inset figure indicates the location of Ivory Coast (green patch) on the African continent.