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1,342 results for “pest”
FIGURES 12–19 in An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species
FIGURES 12–19. Male genitaliae of Fulgoromorpha of Iran recorded as pests in orchards: 12. Hyalesthes mlokosiewiczi, a: stylus, lateral view, b: aedeagus, lateral view; 13. H. obsoletus, a: stylus, lateral view, b: aedeagus, lateral view; 14. Reptalus quinquecostatus, a: stylus, dorsal view, b: anal tube, dorsal view, c: aedeagus, lateral view; 15. Laodelphax striatellus a: stylus, laterl view, b: aedeagus, lateral view; 16. Mesophantia pallens, a: anal tube, dorsal view, b: aedeagus, lateral view, c: stylus, lateral view; 17. Persepolia columbaria, a: anal tube, lateral view, b: stylus, lateral view, c: aedeagus, lateral view; 18. Orosanga japonicas, a: stylus, lateral view, b: aedeagus, lateral view; 19. Ommatissus lybicus, aedeagus, lateral view.
FIGURES 1–11 in An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species
FIGURES 1–11. Habitus of Fulgoromorpha of Iran recorded as pests in orchards: 1. Hyalesthes mlokosiewiczi; 2- H. obsoletus; 3. Reptalus quinquecostatus; 4. Laodelphax striatellus; 5. Dictyophara europaea; 6. Mesophantia pallens, a: dorsal b: lateral; 7. Persepolia columbaria, a: dorsal, b: lateral; 8. Iranodus amygdalinus; 9. Orosanga japonicus; 10. Tettigometra costulata; 11. Ommatissus lybicus.
Supplementary material 1 from: Early R, González-Moreno P, Murphy ST, Day R (2018) Forecasting the global extent of invasion of the cereal pest Spodoptera frugiperda, the fall armyworm. NeoBiota 40: 25-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.40.28165
Supplementary material : Explanation note: Table S1. Summary of evidence for fall armyworm developmental and population responses to the environment extracted from literature sources. Figure S1. Effect of different sub-sampling proportions and pseudo-absence selection diameters on model predictions (maps). Figure S2. Effect of different sub-sampling proportions and pseudo-absence selection diameters on Balanced Accuracy. Figure S3. Histograms of each environmental variable in 10 arc-minute grid-cells from which the fall armyworm is recorded. Figure S4. Multivariate Environmental Similarity Surface analysis. Figure S5. Empirically measured environmental effects on fall armyworm life cycle. Figure S6. Trade and passenger air transportation within Africa.
FIGURE 3 in Synonymy of two important crop pests of burrower bugs, Cyrtomenus mirabilis and C. bergi (Hemiptera: Cydnidae), based in a multi-source approach
FIGURE 3. Genital structures; (A) external male genitalia C. mirabilis, (B) C. bergi, (C) phallus lateral view C. mirabilis, (D) C. bergi, (E) pygophore dorsal view C. mirabilis, (F) C. bergi, (G) left paramere C. mirabilis, (H) C. bergi, (I) Female external genitalia C. mirabilis, (J) C. bergi. (K) spermatheca C. mirabilis, (L) C. bergi. sX, segment X; am, apical margin; as, apical surface; gcVIII, gonocoxite VIII; gcIX, gonocoxite IX; laVIII, laterotergite VIII; laIX, laterotergite IX; stVII, sternum VII; so, spermathecal opening; rs, ring sclerites; pd, proximal duct; vp, vaginal pouche; di, dilation; in, invagination; dd, distal duct; pf, proximal flange; ip, intermediate part; df, distal flange; nd, "neck" duct; sr, seminal receptacle; dr, dorsal rim; pa, paramere; v, vesica; pv, processus vesicae; 2pc, second conjunctival appendage. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 5 in Synonymy of two important crop pests of burrower bugs, Cyrtomenus mirabilis and C. bergi (Hemiptera: Cydnidae), based in a multi-source approach
FIGURE 5. Discriminant function analysis plot after cross-validation procedure, based on the discriminant variate of shape analysis and correspondent mean shapes for C. mirabilis and C. bergi of the head (A), pronotum (C), scutellum (E) and hemelytron (G). Multiple-group discriminant function analysis plot based on canonical variates, CV1 and CV 2 for species in each group of latitude for the head (B), pronotum (D), scutellum (F) and hemelytron (H).
Supplementary material 1 from: Bowser ML, Burr SJ, Davis I, Dubois GD, Graham EE, Moan JE, Swenson SW (2019) A test of metabarcoding for Early Detection and Rapid Response monitoring for non-native forest pest beetles (Coleoptera). Research Ideas and Outcomes 5: e48536. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.5.e48536
This file contains the specimen data from the original trap samples, morphological identifications, molecular identifications, and resulting occurrence data.
Fig. 4 in First Observation of Variimorda (Variimorda) holzschuhi Horák, 1985 (Coleoptera: Mordellidae) as a Woodborer on Vitis vinifera L.; Possible Pest or Co-Occurrent Species?
Fig. 4. Galleries and damage to vine trunks. A) Trunk of Vitis vinifera presenting galleries of wood boring beetles, B) Specimen of Variimorda holzschuhi found dead inside a gallery, C) Emergence hole produced by V. holzschuhi on grapevine bark.
Fig. 1. A in First Observation of Variimorda (Variimorda) holzschuhi Horák, 1985 (Coleoptera: Mordellidae) as a Woodborer on Vitis vinifera L.; Possible Pest or Co-Occurrent Species?
Fig. 1. A) Growth-retarded Vitis vinifera exposed to wood borers, B) V. vinifera without wood borers, C) Vineyard area with Variimorda holzschuhi.
Figure 3 in The bat Tonatia bidens (Phyllostomidae) as an insect pest predator in the Brazilian Caatinga
Figure 3: Temporal distribution of insect remains preyed upon by Tonatia bidens in the Brazilian Caatinga. (A) Richness, number of insect remains, and monthly rainfall recorded in each sampled month. (B) Richness and number of insect remains in the dry (September and October 2016, March and August 2017) and rainy (May and November 2022) seasons, considering all data gathered. Rainfall data from https://www.apac.pe.gov. br.
Figure 1 in The bat Tonatia bidens (Phyllostomidae) as an insect pest predator in the Brazilian Caatinga
Figure 1: Abundance of remains of different lepidopteran taxa sampled under feeding perches of the bat Tonatia bidens, in the Brazilian Caatinga. Data collected in September and October 2016, March and August 2017, and May and November 2022. Undet. = undetermined. Lepidopteran silhouettes were used under CC0 1.0 license (www.phylopic.org).
Figure 2 in The bat Tonatia bidens (Phyllostomidae) as an insect pest predator in the Brazilian Caatinga
Figure 2: Abundance of remains of different coleopteran taxa sampled under feeding perches of the bat Tonatia bidens, in the Brazilian Caatinga. Data collected in September and October 2016, March and August 2017, and May and November 2022. Coleopteran silhouettes were used under CC0 1.0 license (www.phylopic.org).
Data from: Predicting the spread of all invasive forest pests in the United States
We tested whether a general spread model could capture macroecological patterns across all damaging invasive forest pests in the United States. We showed that a common constant dispersal kernel model, simulated from the discovery date, explained 67.94% of the variation in range size across all pests, and had 68.00% locational accuracy between predicted and observed locational distributions. Further, by making dispersal a function of forest area and human population density, variation explained increased to 75.60%, with 74.30% accuracy. These results indicated that a single general dispersal kernel model was sufficient to predict the majority of variation in extent and locational distribution across pest species and that proxies of propagule pressure and habitat invasibility – well-studied predictors of establishment – should also be applied to the dispersal stage. This model provides a key element to forecast novel invaders and to extend pathway-level risk analyses to include spread.
Data from: Pest control of aphids depends on landscape complexity and natural enemy interactions
Aphids are a major concern in agricultural crops worldwide, and control by natural enemies is an essential component of the ecological intensification of agriculture. Although the complexity of agricultural landscapes is known to influence natural enemies of pests, few studies have measured the degree of pest control by different enemy guilds across gradients in landscape complexity. Here, we use multiple natural-enemy exclosures replicated in 18 fields across a gradient in landscape complexity to investigate (1) the strength of natural pest control across landscapes, measured as the difference between pest pressure in the presence and in the absence of natural enemies; (2) the differential contributions of natural enemy guilds to pest control, and the nature of their interactions across landscapes. We show that natural pest control of aphids increased up to six-fold from simple to complex landscapes. In the absence of pest control, aphid population growth was higher in complex than simple landscapes, but was reduced by natural enemies to similar growth rates across all landscapes. The effects of enemy guilds were landscape-dependent. Particularly in complex landscapes, total pest control was supplied by the combined contribution of flying insects and ground-dwellers. Birds had little overall impact on aphid control. Despite evidence for intraguild predation of flying insects by ground-dwellers and birds, the overall effect of enemy guilds on aphid control was complementary. Understanding pest control services at large spatial scales is critical to increase the success of ecological intensification schemes. Our results suggest that, where aphids are the main pest of concern, interactions between natural enemies are largely complementary and lead to a strongly positive effect of landscape complexity on pest control. Increasing the availability of seminatural habitats in agricultural landscapes may thus benefit not only natural enemies, but also the effectiveness of aphid natural pest control.
FIGURES 1–5 in Morphology of the last instar larva and pupa of Synanthedon caucasica (Gorbunov 1986) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), a serious pest of oriental plane and elm trees
FIGURES 1–5. Larva of Synanthedon caucasica. Head capsule – 1. Frontal view, 2. Lateral view, 3. Mandible – the last instar larva, 4. Mandible – the third instar larva, 5. Setal map of thorax (T1–3) and abdomen (A1–A9) segments. Scale bar: 1, 2 – 0.5 mm; 3, 4 – 0.25 mm.
FIGURES 6–11 in Morphology of the last instar larva and pupa of Synanthedon caucasica (Gorbunov 1986) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), a serious pest of oriental plane and elm trees
FIGURES 6–11. Scanning electron micrographs of larva of Synanthedon caucasica: 6. Third segment of maxillary palpus, 7. Antenna, 8. Crochets on an larval proleg, 9. Close-up of antenna, 10. Crochets on fourth abdominal proleg, 11. Prothoracic leg. Scale bar: 6 – 1 μm; 7, 8, 9 – 10 μm; 10,11 – 100 μm.
FIGURES 12–18 in Morphology of the last instar larva and pupa of Synanthedon caucasica (Gorbunov 1986) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), a serious pest of oriental plane and elm trees
FIGURES 12–18. Morphology of pupa of Synanthedon caucasica: 12. Ventral view, 13. Frons laterally, 14. Frons dorsally, 15. Proboscis and leg ends, 16. Labrum and vicinity, 17. Spines on abdominal segments dorsally, 18. Abdominal end ventrally. Scale bar: 13, 14, 16, 17, 18 – 0,5 mm, 15 – 1 mm 12 – 2 mm.
FIGURE 1 in A new pest of tomato and other records of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) from Espírito Santo, Brazil
FIGURE 1. Typical live appearance of the adult female of P. solenopsis and infested tomato with associated symptoms of deformation and distortion of the terminal growth; A, twisting and curling of stems; B, leaf wrinkling and puckering (photographs January 2005, Manguinhos, ES, MPC).
Data from: Active sound production of scarab beetle larvae opens up new possibilities for species-specific pest monitoring in soils
Root-feeding Scarabaeidae larvae can pose a serious threat to agricultural and forest ecosystems, but many details of larval ecology are still unknown. We developed an acoustic data analysis method based on active sound production by larvae (i.e. stridulations) for gaining new insights into larval ecology. In a laboratory study, third instar larvae of the Common Cockchafer (Melolontha melolontha) (n = 38) and the Forest Cockchafer (M. hippocastani) (n = 15) kept in soil-filled containers were acoustically monitored for 5 min each, resulting in the first known stridulation recordings for each species. Subsequent continuous monitoring of three M. hippocastani larvae over several hours showed that a single larva could stridulate more than 70 times per hour, and stridulation rates increased drastically with increasing larval abundance. The new fractal dimension-based data analysis method automatically detected audio sections with stridulations and provided a semi-quantitative estimate of stridulation activity. It is the first data analysis method specifically targeting Scarabaeidae larvae stridulations in soils, enabling for the first time non-invasive species-specific pest monitoring.
Species complex diversification by host plant use in an herbivorous insect: The source of Puerto Rican cactus mealybug pest and implications for biological control
Cryptic taxa have often been observed in the form of host‐associated species that diverged as the result of adaptation to alternate host plants. Untangling cryptic diversity in species complexes that encompass invasive species is a mandatory task for pest management. Moreover, investigating the evolutionary history of a species complex may help to understand the drivers of their diversification. The mealybug Hypogeococcus pungens was believed to be a polyphagous species from South America and has been reported as a pest devastating native cacti in Puerto Rico, also threatening cactus diversity in the Caribbean and North America. There is neither certainty about the identity of the pest, nor the source population from South America. Recent studies pointed to substantial genetic differentiation among local populations, suggesting that H. pungens is a species complex. In this study, we used a combination of genome-wide SNPs and mtDNA variation to investigate species diversity within H. pungens sensu lato to establish host plant ranges of each one of the putative members of the complex, to evaluate whether the pattern of host plant association drove diversification in the species complex, and to determine the source population of the Puerto Rican cactus pest. Our results suggested that H. pungens comprises at least five different species, each one strongly associated with specific host plants. We also established that the Puerto Rican cactus pest derives from southeastern Brazilian mealybugs. This is an important achievement because it will help to design reliable strategies for biological control using natural enemies of the pest from its native range.
Figure 10 in New synonymies in the Anagrus incarnatus Haliday 'species complex' (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) including a common parasitoid of economically important planthopper (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) pests of rice in Asia
Figure 10. Relationships between sequences of the ITS2 rRNA locus obtained from nine Anagrus species. Sequences of 10 specimens were obtained by direct-sequencing. Intra-individual variation required that the ITS2 of the remaining 16 specimens was cloned prior to sequencing. Three clones were sequenced for each of these specimens (labelled A, B and C). The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated sequences clustered together in the bootstrap test (1000 replicates) is shown next to the branches and the tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths indicating uncorrected p-distance. Analysed sequence matrix was 731 bp including gaps.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.