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FIGURE 4 in A new Crossodactylodes Cochran, 1938 (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Paratelmatobiinae) from the highlands of the Atlantic Forests of southern Bahia, Brazil

FIGURE 4. Skull of the four Crossodactylodes species. From left to right, dorsal, ventral and lateral views. (A) C. pintoi (MZUSP 104); (B) C. bokermanni (MZUSP 58079); (C) C. izecksohni (MZUSP 109013); and (D) C. septentrionalis sp. nov. (MZUSP 150209). al p pm = alary process of premaxilla; dent = dentary; exoc = exoccipital; fp = frontoparietal; max = maxilla; mmk = mentomeckelian bone; nas = nasal; occ c = occipital condyle; opt f = optic foramen; pa = palatine; pm = premaxilla; pro f = prootic foramen; pro = prootic; prsph = parasphenoid; pt = pterygoid; qj = quadradojulgal; sph = sphenethmoid; spmax = septomaxilla; sq = squamosal; vom = vomer; vt = vomerine teeth.

FIGURE 5 in A new Crossodactylodes Cochran, 1938 (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Paratelmatobiinae) from the highlands of the Atlantic Forests of southern Bahia, Brazil

FIGURE 5. Distributional records of the genus Crossodactylodes. Yellow line represents Parque Nacional Serra das Lontras boundaries; green area in the more general map represents the Atlantic Forest.

FIGURE 6 in A new Crossodactylodes Cochran, 1938 (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Paratelmatobiinae) from the highlands of the Atlantic Forests of southern Bahia, Brazil

FIGURE 6. Habitats of Crossodactylodes septentrionalis sp. nov.: (A) General view of the Atlantic Forest over Peito de Moça peak; (B) detail of the vegetation, with low trees covered with mosses, at the top of Peito de Moça peak; (C) bromeliad were the individuals were found.

FIGURE 2 in A new Crossodactylodes Cochran, 1938 (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Paratelmatobiinae) from the highlands of the Atlantic Forests of southern Bahia, Brazil

FIGURE 2. Holotype of Crossodactylodes septentrionalis sp. nov. (MZUSP 150209): Dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views of the head; palmar (C) and plantar (D) views. Scale bars = 5 mm.

FIGURE 7. Phylogenetic relationship among Crossodactylodes, inferred through a in A new Crossodactylodes Cochran, 1938 (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Paratelmatobiinae) from the highlands of the Atlantic Forests of southern Bahia, Brazil

FIGURE 7. Phylogenetic relationship among Crossodactylodes, inferred through a Bayesian analysis, based on mitochondrial (16S, 12S, cyt b and COI) and nuclear (RHO and TYR) genes. Values above branches indicate posterior probabilities and bootstrap values from the Maximum Likelihood analysis, respectively. Scale bar represents number of substitutions per site.

FIGURE 1 in A new Crossodactylodes Cochran, 1938 (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Paratelmatobiinae) from the highlands of the Atlantic Forests of southern Bahia, Brazil

FIGURE 1. Holotype of Crossodactylodes septentrionalis sp. nov. (MZUSP 150209; SVL = 17.0 mm), in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views.

FIGURES 31–37 in A new species and notes on Perlidae (Plecoptera) from Paraná and Santa Catarina States, southern Brazil

FIGURES 31–37. Kempnyia neotropica. Male: (31) head and pronotum; (32) sternum 9; (33–35) penial armature (33 dorsal, 34 ventral and 35 lateral views); (36) spinous sclerotisation of membranous penis base. Female: (37) sternum 8. Scales: figure (31) 0.5 mm; figure (32) 1.0 mm; figures (33–35) 1.0 mm; figure (36) 0.75 mm; figure (37) 2.0 mm.

FIGURES 25–30 in A new species and notes on Perlidae (Plecoptera) from Paraná and Santa Catarina States, southern Brazil

FIGURES 25–30. Kempnyia colossica. Male: (25) head and pronotum; (26) sternum 9; (27–29) penial armature (27 dorsal, 28 ventral and 29 lateral views). Female: (30) sternum 8. Scales: figure (25) 0.5 mm; figure (26) 2.0 mm; figures (27–29) 1.5 mm; figure (30) 3.0 mm.

FIGURES 10–14 in A new species and notes on Perlidae (Plecoptera) from Paraná and Santa Catarina States, southern Brazil

FIGURES 10–14. Anacroneuria polita. Male: (10) head and pronotum; (11) sternum 9; (12–14) penial armature (12 dorsal, 13 ventral and 14 lateral views). Scales: figure (10) 0.5 mm; figure (11) 1.5 mm; figures (12–14) 1.0 mm.

FIGURES 20–24. Anacroneuria iguazu n in A new species and notes on Perlidae (Plecoptera) from Paraná and Santa Catarina States, southern Brazil

FIGURES 20–24. Anacroneuria iguazu n. sp. Male: (20) head and pronotum; (21) sternum 9; (22–24) penial armature (22 dorsal, 23 ventral and 24 lateral views). Scales: figure (20) 0.5 mm; figure (21) 1.5 mm; figures (22–24) 1.0 mm.

FIGURES 15–19 in A new species and notes on Perlidae (Plecoptera) from Paraná and Santa Catarina States, southern Brazil

FIGURES 15–19. Anacroneuria trimacula. Male: (15) head and pronotum; (16) sternum 9; (17–19) penial armature (17 dorsal, 18 ventral and 19 lateral views). Scales: figure (15) 0.5 mm; figure (16) 1.0 mm; figures (17–19) 0.8 mm.

FIGURES 1–5 in A new species and notes on Perlidae (Plecoptera) from Paraná and Santa Catarina States, southern Brazil

FIGURES 1–5. Anacroneuria debilis. Male: (1) head and pronotum; (2) sternum 9; (3–5) penial armature (3 dorsal, 4 ventral and 5 lateral views). Scales: figure (1) 0.5 mm; figure (2) 1.0 mm; figures (3–5) 0.75 mm.

FIGURES 6–9 in A new species and notes on Perlidae (Plecoptera) from Paraná and Santa Catarina States, southern Brazil

FIGURES 6–9. Anacroneuria cathia. Male: (6–8) penial armature (6 dorsal, 7 ventral and 8 lateral views); (9) sternum 9. Scales: figures (6–8) 1.0mm; figure (9) 1.5mm.

FIGURES 20–24 in A new troglobitic species of Coarazuphium Gnaspini, Vanin & Godoy (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Zuphiini) from a cave in Paraná State, Southern Brazil

FIGURES 20–24. Coarazuphium ricardoi new species, female paratype. (20) terminalia, dorsal view, (21) terminalia ventral view, (22) reproductive tract, ventral view, (23) gonocoxites lateroventral view, (24) gonocoxites, laterodorsal view. Legend: bc, bursa copulatrix; bs, bursal sacculus; co, common oviduct; gc1, gonocoxite 1; gc2, gonocoxite 2; Lt, latero tergite; spg, spermathecal gland; spgd, spermatecal gland duct.

FIGURES 5–11. Coarazuphium ricardoi new species 5–7 in A new troglobitic species of Coarazuphium Gnaspini, Vanin & Godoy (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Zuphiini) from a cave in Paraná State, Southern Brazil

FIGURES 5–11. Coarazuphium ricardoi new species 5–7 male holotype. (5) head, pronotum and prothorax, lateral view, (6) prothorax, ventral view, (7) labrum. (8–11) female paratypes, distal segments of abdomen, (8–9) retracted, (10–11) protracted, coxites exposed.

FIGURES 25–26 in A new troglobitic species of Coarazuphium Gnaspini, Vanin & Godoy (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Zuphiini) from a cave in Paraná State, Southern Brazil

FIGURES 25–26. The "Gruta do Varzeão", registered as cave PR-0216. (25) View of cave opening from inside the cave. (26) Deeper inside the cave.

FIGURES 14–19 in A new troglobitic species of Coarazuphium Gnaspini, Vanin & Godoy (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Zuphiini) from a cave in Paraná State, Southern Brazil

FIGURES 14–19. Coarazuphium ricardoi new species, male holotype. (14) genital segment and aedeagus, left view, (15) genital segment and aedeagus, right view, (16) genital segment, (17) aedeagus left view, (18) aedeagus dorsal view and (19) aedeagus right view. Legend: lf, left paramere; rp, right paramere.

FIGURES 1–3 in A new troglobitic species of Coarazuphium Gnaspini, Vanin & Godoy (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Zuphiini) from a cave in Paraná State, Southern Brazil

FIGURES 1–3. Coarazuphium ricardoi new species, male holotype (1) habitus, dorsal view, (2) head lateral view and (3) detail of eye (Figs.2–3).

FIGURES 12–13 in A new troglobitic species of Coarazuphium Gnaspini, Vanin & Godoy (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Zuphiini) from a cave in Paraná State, Southern Brazil

FIGURES 12–13. Coarazuphium ricardoi new species, female paratype. (12) habitus, dorsal view, right elytron removed, arrow pointing to reduced hind wing; (13) detail of reduced hind wing.

FIGURES 18–23 in A new species of land flatworm (Platyhelminthes: Continenticola) from areas of Araucaria Forest in southern Brazil

FIGURES 18–23. Cratera steffeni sp. nov.: (18) detail of prostatic vesicle of paratype MZU PL.00176 in horizontal section; (19) detail of penis papilla of the holotype in sagittal section; (20) detail of male atrium of the holotype in sagittal section; (21) detail of vagina and ovovitelline ducts in paratype MZU PL.00176 in horizontal section; (22) detail of vagina and common ovovitelline duct of the holotype in sagittal section; (23) detail of female atrium of the holotype in sagittal section. Anterior tip to the left (Figs. 19–20; 22–23) or to the bottom (Figs. 18 and 21). (cov) common glandular ovovitelline duct; (ej) ejaculatory duct; (fa) female atrium; (ma) male atrium; (ov) ovovitelline ducts; (p) penis papilla; (pv) prostatic vesicle; (sc) secretory cells; (sg) shell glands; (sv) spermiducal vesicle; (v) vitellaria; (va) vagina.