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1,551 results for “Availability”
Phenotypic stability in scalar calcium of freshwater fish across a wide range of aqueous calcium availability in nature
<div> <p>Spatial environmental gradients can promote adaptive differences among conspecific populations as a result of local adaptation or phenotypic plasticity. Such divergence can be opposed by various constraints, including gene flow, limited genetic variation, temporal fluctuations, or developmental constraints. We focus on the constraint that can be imposed when some populations are found in locations characterized by low levels of an essential nutrient. We use scales of wild fish to investigate phenotypic effects of spatial variation in a potentially limiting nutrient – calcium. If scale calcium (we use "scalar" calcium for consistency with the physiology literature) simply reflects environmental calcium availability, we expect higher levels of scalar calcium in fish from calcium-rich water, compared to fish from calcium-poor water. To consider this "passive response" scenario, we analysed scalar calcium concentrations from three native fish species (<em>Lepomis gibbosus</em>, <em>Percina caprodes</em>, and <em>Perca flavescens</em>) collected at multiple sites across a dissolved calcium gradient in the Upper St. Lawrence River. Contradicting the "passive response" scenario, we did not detect strong or consistent relationships between scalar calcium and water calcium. Instead, for a given proportional increase in water calcium across the wide environmental gradient, the corresponding proportional change in scalar calcium was much smaller. We thus favor the alternative "active homeostasis" scenario, wherein fish from calcium-poor water are better able to uptake, mobilize, and deposit calcium than are fish from calcium-rich water. We further highlight the importance of studying functional traits, such as scales, in their natural setting as opposed to only laboratory studies.</p> </div>
Habitat use and foraging parameters of breeding Skylarks indicate no seasonal decrease in food availability in heterogeneous farmland
<p>Reduced food availability during chick raising is a major driver of farmland bird declines. For the Eurasian Skylark (<i>Alauda arvensis</i>), food availability is determined by various factors (i.e., arthropod abundance/diversity, accessibility of the vegetation, distance to foraging sites). In modern farmland, it is supposed to decrease over the breeding season due to less penetrable vegetation. We explored foraging habitat selection by chick-raising Skylarks with a focus on the seasonal dynamics of habitat use and food availability. We investigated i) habitat selection concerning prey biomass/diversity, vegetation cover, and distance to foraging sites, ii) the overall and seasonal habitat use, and iii) seasonal developments of foraging parameters (e.g., the feeding frequency) as indicators of food availability. We collected data on foraging habitats and foraging parameters of chick-raising Skylark pairs at 51 nests from a Central European population in 2018 and 2019. Prey biomass/diversity and vegetation cover were measured for all habitats around 42 of these nests. As revealed by multivariate and compositional analyses, Skylarks mainly selected foraging habitats based on the proximity to nests. The most frequent habitats within home ranges could not be ranked according to an overall importance for foraging and their use partially changed over time. The feeding frequency increased throughout the breeding season, while other foraging parameters did not show significant changes. In contrast to our expectations, our data indicated therefore an increase, not a decrease in food availability in the late breeding season. This also implies that the habitat use was constantly suitable to raise offspring. We interpret this to be a consequence of the heterogeneous farmland composition of the study area that enabled Skylarks to establish a diverse home range and to benefit from synergetic effects of neighboring habitat types. Thus, our findings provide support for the high importance of crop diversity in Skylark conservation.</p>
IDSL.CSA FSDBs for publicly available spectra from NIST and MoNA databases
<p>IDSL.CSA fragmentation spectra databases (FSDBs) for publicly available spectral databases. </p> <p>FSDB is a R list object with elements describing various features to speed up libraries searches. </p>
Larval development and poor food availability: Local adaptations and plasticity in a widespread amphibian species
<p>Data of fire salamander larvae reared under rich and poor food conditions. Data include also length, growth rate and number of prey attacked by the same larvae for 30 days after metamorphosis.</p> <p>In this study, we considered two extrinsic factors such as food availability and altitude and we examined their effects on larval growth, timing of metamorphosis and survival in fire salamander larvae. We also investigated whether larval diet has repercussions on growth rate of juvenile salamanders in the month following metamorphosis.</p> <p>Our experimental study was conducted on 150 newborn fire salamander larvae from 15 epigean sites at different altitudes (ranging between 250 and 1491 m a.s.l.). The larvae of each site were divided into two treatment groups: "poor" and "rich" food conditions. </p>
Data for "Nitrogen availability mediates soil carbon cycling response to climate warming: a meta-analysis"
<p>This dataset was used to make tables and figures for the study entitled "Nitrogen availability mediates soil carbon cycling response to climate warming: a meta-analysis", which was submitted to Global Change Biology in October 2022. It contains a meta-analysis database focusing on the effects of warming on soil C storage, root biomass and soil respiration.</p>
Data for: Experimental test of the influence of light availability on the evolution of eye size and behavior in Daphnia
<p>There exists extensive variation in eye size. Much work has provided a connection between light availability and differences in eye size across taxa. Experimental tests of the role of the light environment on the evolution of eye size are lacking. Here we performed a selection experiment that examined the influence of light availability on shifts in eye size and the connection between eye size and phototactic (anti-predator) behavior in <em>Daphnia</em>. We set up replicate experimental populations of <em>Daphnia</em>, repeatedly evaluated phenotypic shifts in eye size during the ~50-day experiment and performed a common garden experiment at the end of the experiment to test for evolutionary shifts in eye size and behavior. Our phenotypic analyses showed that eye size rapidly diverged between the light treatments; relative eye size was consistently larger in the low versus high light treatments. Selection on eye size was also modified by variation in density as increases in <em>Daphnia</em> density favored a larger eye. However, we did not observe differences in eye size between the light treatments following two generations of common garden rearing at the end of the experiment. We instead observed strong shifts in anti-predator behavior. <em>Daphnia</em> from the low light treatment exhibited decreased phototactic responses to light. Our results show that decreased light relaxes selection on anti-predator behavior. Such trends provide new insights into selection on eye size and behavior. </p>
not available
<p>not available</p>
EQ3/6 model results for Randolph-Flagg et al., "Phosphate availability and implications for life on ocean worlds," Nature Communications, 2023
<p>These output files are provided as pickle format at (10.5281/zenodo.7683874) and readable using standard open-source data processing software (<em>e.g.</em>, <a href="https://www.python.org/">https://www.python.org/</a>). The authors declare that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the paper and supporting information files.</p> <p>Thermodynamic calculations were performed with the program EQ3/6, a thoroughly vetted and commonly used aqueous geochemistry code that computes the equilibrium distribution of dissolved and solid phase species based on a specified initial composition and reaction conditions. For detailed description of please see Randolph-Flagg et al., Nature Communications, 2023.</p>
Data for: Plant host domestication and soil nutrient availability determine positive plant microbial response across the Solanum genus
<p>Domestication of crops has changed how crops shape their associated microbial communities compared to their progenitors. However, studies testing how crop domestication-driven differences in rhizosphere microbial communities affect plant health are limited mostly to specific symbiont pairings. By conducting a soil manipulation greenhouse study, we examined plant growth and yield in response to differences in microbial communities and nutrient availability across a variety of wild, landrace, and cultivated potatoes. Coupled with this, we conducted 16S and ITS amplicon sequencing to examine plant host and soil treatment-driven differences in microbial community composition on potato plant roots. Our results found the plant response to microbes (PRM) is context-dependent. In low nutrient conditions, landraces responded positively to the presence of live soil microbial inocula. Conversely, modern potato varieties positively responded in high nutrient conditions. Amplicon sequencing found differences in bacterial communities due to environmental and temporal factors. However, potato clade (e.g. Andigenum, Chiletanum, <em>S. berthaulti</em>, and Modern) alone did not lead to differences in microbial communities that accounted for PRM differences. Differences in PRM between landraces and modern potatoes, and the correlation of PRM to microbial diversity, suggest that domestication has altered the <em>S. tuberosum</em> response to rhizosphere microbiomes.</p>
Constrained trait variation by water availability modulates radial growth in evergreen and deciduous Mediterranean oaks
<p>Data supporting the findings of the study "Constrained trait variation by water availability modulates radial growth in two coexisting Mediterranean oaks"</p>
Microbial reductive dechlorination by a commercially-available dechlorinating consortium is not inhibited by perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) at field relevant concentrations
<p>Chlorinated ethene and microbial abundance data for batch reactor and microcosm experiments completed as described in the associated paper: Microbial reductive dechlorination by a commercially-available dechlorinating consortium is not inhibited by perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) at field relevant concentrations</p>
Effects of plant-available soil silicon on seedling growth and foliar nutrient status across tropical tree species
<p>Plant-available silicon (Si) concentrations vary considerably across tropical soils, yet the ecological importance of that variation remains largely unresolved. Increased Si availability can enhance growth and modulate foliar nutrient status in many crop species suggesting similar effects might occur in natural systems. However, how growth, foliar Si, and macronutrient concentrations, as well as their stoichiometry, respond to plant-available Si and how these responses differ across tropical tree species is unknown.</p> <p>We experimentally exposed seedlings of 12 tropical tree species to a gradient of plant-available Si concentrations, representing 85% of the variation found across Central Panama, and assessed responses in aboveground growth and foliar nutrient status. Furthermore, we assessed whether higher plant-available Si increases P availability.</p> <p>Increasing plant-available Si led to increased foliar Si concentrations (by up to 140%). It also led to higher aboveground growth (by up to 220%), and it affected foliar C and N concentrations, and nutrient stoichiometry across species. However, at the species level, only a small subset of two to four species showed significant growth and foliar nutrient responses. At the soil level, plant-available P remained unchanged along the experimental soil Si gradient.</p> <p>Our results showed that Si can improve growth and/or modulate foliar nutrient status in a number of tropical tree species. Furthermore, species' growth and foliar nutrient concentrations might vary differently across tropical forest sites varying in plant-available Si. Additionally, Si-induced responses in foliar nutrient stoichiometry have the potential to affect herbivory and litter decomposition. Taken together, natural variation in plant-available Si might influence plant performance unequally across tropical tree species, and change trophic interactions, with potential implications for ecosystem processes.</p>
Data and code corresponding to: Contemporary evolution rivals the effects of rhizobium abundance on soil nitrogen availability in experimental mesocosms
<p>Because genotypes within a species commonly differ in traits that influence other species, whole communities, or even ecosystem functions, evolutionary change within one key species may affect community and ecosystem processes. Here we use experimental mesocosms to test how the evolution of reduced cooperation in rhizobium mutualists in response to 20 years of nitrogen fertilization compares to the effects of rhizobium abundance on soil nitrogen availability and plant community composition and diversity. The evolution of reduced rhizobium cooperation caused reductions in soil nitrogen that were as strong, or even stronger, than substantially reducing rhizobium mutualist abundance in a community. Effects of both rhizobium evolution and rhizobium inoculation on legume dominance, plant community composition, and plant species diversity were much smaller in magnitude, but suggest that rhizobium evolution can alter the relative abundance of plant functional groups. Our findings indicate that the consequences of rapid microbial evolution for ecosystems and communities can rival the effects resulting from the presence or abundance of keystone mutualists.</p>
Data for "The use of a graph database is a complementary approach to a classical similarity search for identifying commercially available fragment merges"
<p>The input and output data to the filtering pipeline described in "The use of a graph database is a complementary approach to a classical similarity search for identifying commercially available fragment merges"; code available from https://github.com/oxpig/fragment_network_merges. </p>
Available datasets of Aquilegia oxysepala
<p>Available datasets of <em>Aquilegia oxysepala</em></p>
IMPROVING THE AVAILABILITY AND USABILITY OF PLANETARY SPATIAL DATA RESEARCH BY SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE OF CELESTIAL BODIES MODELING
<p>The rapid development of space technology and the increased interest in space exploration have resulted in the intensifying of observation of celestial bodies, mostly in the solar system, over the past decade with the prospect of an upward trend in the future. Data collected by space missions are stored and provided to users for use through the archives of individual space agencies and specialized portals of space missions. Users often encounter many problems when searching and retrieving data of interest, despite the fact that access to data is open for all groups of users. Current ways of storing and shearing this valuable data set are focused on their long-term archiving and are largely adapted for space scientists with inadequate access and search functionalities that do not meet the needs of a wider group of users. To search for data, users must have some prior knowledge and invest a lot of time and effort, and the available functionalities gives too many of the same or similar data filtering results that, in most cases, cannot be visualized before downloading. For this reason, the data remains unused, and in order to solve this problem, large amounts of collected data on space bodies, of which most are spatially defined, impose the need to develop the spatial data infrastructure of celestial bodies (SDICB) at the general level in order to enable standardized organization and storage of these data, and their efficient use and exchange. In order to approach to the development of such an infrastructure, it is necessary to investigate what data, as well as how and to what extent, are collected through the space observation, either from Earth, Earth orbit or from space probes. It is also necessary to investigate how this data can be obtained and to explore concepts of spatial data infrastructure, the possibilities of its establishment and operationalization. This doctoral dissertation provides a detailed overview of current ways of storing and distributing space research data and their shortcomings and explores the possibility of modeling the establishment of SDICB. In order to adequately approach the development of the model, user needs assessment and analysis of the current data archiving situation was conducted. These results served as input parameters for modeling SDICB and the adoption of guidelines (recommendations) for the establishment. The proposed model is focused on user needs and improving the functionality of data access by applying international standards of spatial data and open-source technologies to make space data available to the general public and enable their easy search, download and interpretation. For the proposed model, an implementation project with a five-year implementation period was created, for which a feasibility study was conducted, and the benefits of SDICB implementation for all involved stakeholders were investigated.</p>
Data for the project: Climatic impacts on the availability and transfer of chemical elements through Arctic terrestrial food-chains: a pilot study
<p>Uploaded data contain trace element concentrations measured in various biological samples collected at Zackenberg Research station (northeast Greenland) in August 2021</p> <p>Fifty (50) sample plots were visited to collect invertebrates (using pitfalls) and sample soil, vegetation, muskox feces and wool.</p> <p>The sheet PlotInfo provides information on the sample plots, which were placed using a stratified random placement procedure across 5 vegetation types and the elevational gradient</p> <p>The sheet Soil contains trace element concentrations (ppm) as well as N and C (%) measured in the soil samples across all 50 sample plots</p> <p>The sheet Vegetation contains trace element concentrations (ppm) as well as N and C (%) measured in the vegetation samples across all 50 sample plots</p> <p>The sheet Insects contains trace element concentrations (ppm) measured in the various insect groups captured in pitfall traps in 9 sample plots</p> <p>The sheet Muskox feces contains trace element concentrations (ppm) measured in the feces samples collected at all 50 sample plots</p> <p>The sheet Muskox Wool contains trace element concentrations (ppm) measured in 25 wool samples collected throughout the sampling area (not at specific sample plots).</p> <p> </p> <p>Trace element concentrations were measured at the ICP-MS platform at the Observatoirie Midi-Pyrenees, Toulouse, France</p> <p>N and C analyses were done at Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark</p> <p> </p> <p>For further information on the project, samples, methods used contact flbe@ecos.au.dk</p>
Fig. 3 in Glycine max (L.) Merr. (Soybean) metabolome responses to potassium availability
Fig. 3. Complete feature-based molecular network (FBMN) in global natural product social molecular networking (GNPS) of soybean trifoliate leaves and pod tissues, influenced by K+ availability. Nodes represent MS2 spectra and are connected based on spectral similarity defined (cosine score ≥ 0.8), matched fragment ion (5), and network TopK (10), encompassing 902 nodes and 1430 edges organised in 89 spectral molecular families. Large coloured nodes represent metabolites influ- enced by K+ nutrition identified by chemometrics models and representative chemical ontology.
Fig. 4 in Glycine max (L.) Merr. (Soybean) metabolome responses to potassium availability
Fig. 4. Isoflavonoids (isoflavones, coumestans and pterocarpans) and triterpenoid saponins (soyasaponins) as phytoalexins upregulated in soybean leaves under very low potassium availability.
Fig. 2 in Glycine max (L.) Merr. (Soybean) metabolome responses to potassium availability
Fig. 2. Soybean tissues representation and base peak intensity (BPI) mass chromatograms (UPLC-QToF-MSE) in negative ion mode (ESI-) displaying comparative metabolomic profile differences. The corresponding list of metabolites annotated in the chromatograms is available in Supplementary Data 1.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.