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2,356 results for “Echinodermata”
FIGURE 1. A, B in The fossil record of the asteroid (Echinodermata) family Chaetasteridae Sladen 1889 and subfamily Hyalothricinae Fisher, 1911
FIGURE 1. A, B, Arthraster dixoni Forbes, 1848. Holotype specimen NHMUK 47000, "Lower Chalk", probably Middle Turonian, Balcombe, Sussex, UK. A, actinal surface, B, enlargement of abactinal surface and base of arms. C–F, Chaetaster longipes (Bruzelius, 1805). C, enlargement of actinal arm. D, enlargement of abactinal disc. E, actinal view of specimen. F, abactinal view of specimen. Recent, Mediterranean.
FIGURE 2. A, B in The fossil record of the asteroid (Echinodermata) family Chaetasteridae Sladen 1889 and subfamily Hyalothricinae Fisher, 1911
FIGURE 2. A, B, Arthraster dixoni Forbes, 1848, small individual, in abactinal (A) and actinal (B) views; Middle Turonian, Dieppe, France; Collection of Nicolas Cottard, Offranville, Normany, France. C–I, Chaetasterina gracilis Hess, 1970. Holotype (NMB Hess A 94), Upper Hauterivian, Neuchâtel, Switzerland, original of Hess (1970: figs 9–14, pl. 3: fig. 5); C, abactinal view; D, actinal view; E–G enlargement of abactinal ossicles; H, I, enlargement of adambulacrals (ad) and inferomarginal (im). J–M, Hyalinothrix sp., Recent, Philippines, AS Gale coll. J, actinal view; K, abactinal view; L, enlargement of ossicles of denuded ambulacral groove; M, enlargement of denuded abactinal surface.
Data from: A novel report of hatching plasticity in the phylum Echinodermata
Hatching plasticity occurs in response to a wide range of stimuli across many animal taxa, including annelids, arthropods, mollusks, and chordates. Despite the prominence of echinoderms in developmental biology and more than 100 years of detailed examination of their development under a variety of conditions, environmentally cued hatching plasticity has never been reported in the phylum Echinodermata. Here we report plasticity in the timing and stage of hatching of embryos of the sand dollar Echinarachnius parma in response to reductions in salinity. Embryos of E. parma increased their time to hatching more than twofold in response to ecologically relevant salinity reductions, while maintaining an otherwise normal developmental schedule. Embryos that experienced the greatest delay in hatching time emerged from the fertilization envelope as four-arm pluteus larvae rather than hatching as blastulae or early gastrulae. Salinity manipulations across multiple male-female pairs indicated high variability in hatching time both within and among clutches, suggesting significant intraspecific variation in developmental responses to salinity.
Data from: Redescription of Macurdablastus and redefinition of Eublastoidea as a clade of Blastoidea (Echinodermata)
Eublastoids are a large clade of blastoids, stemmed blastozoan echinoderms diagnosed by their conservative body plan (three basals, four deltoid plates, and five radial plates), lancet plate supporting the ambulacra, and hydrospire respiratory structures. Although Eublastoidea is a highly successful clade in the middle and late Paleozoic it is absent from early echinoderm radiations during the Cambrian and Ordovician. Here we provide a reevaluation of Macurdablastus uniplicatus Broadhead from the Ordovician using detailed morphological assessment based on advanced synchrotron tomography and phylogenetic analysis. Macurdablastus uniplicatus falls outside Eublastoidea because of the morphological differences in lancet plate and respiratory structures. The oldest recorded eublastoid is thus middle Silurian in age. The re-evaluation of the morphology of Macurdablastus provides a basis for revising blastoid phylogeny and classification.
Data from: Phylogenomic analyses of Echinodermata support the sister groups of Asterozoa and Echinozoa
Echinoderms (sea urchins, sea stars, brittle stars, sea lilies and sea cucumbers) are a group of diverse organisms, second in number within deuterostome species to only the chordates. Echinoderms serve as excellent model systems for developmental biology due to their diverse developmental mechanisms, tractable laboratory use, and close phylogenetic distance to chordates. In addition, echinoderms are very well represented in the fossil record, including some larval features, making echinoderms a valuable system for studying evolutionary development. The internal relationships of Echinodermata have not been consistently supported across phylogenetic analyses, however, and this has hindered the study of other aspects of their biology. In order to test echinoderm phylogenetic relationships, we sequenced 23 de novo transcriptomes from all five clades of echinoderms. Using multiple phylogenetic methods at a variety of sampling depths we have constructed a well-supported phylogenetic tree of Echinodermata, including support for the sister groups of Asterozoa (sea stars and brittle stars) and Echinozoa (sea urchins and sea cucumbers). These results will help inform developmental and evolutionary studies specifically in echinoderms and deuterostomes in general.
Data from: Disparid and hybocrinid crinoids (Echinodermata) from the Upper Ordovician (lower Katian) Brechin Lagerstätte of Ontario
The Brechin Lagerstätte (Katian, Ordovician) from the Lake Simcoe region of Ontario, Canada, contains a diverse array of echinoderms. Here, we describe seven disparid and two hybocrinid crinoids (Subclass Pentacrinoidea, Infraclass Inadunata), including a new disparid species belonging to the Anomalocrinidae (Order Homocrinida). In total, the disparids include Anomalocrinus astrictus n. sp.; Cremacrinus guttenbergensis Kolata, 1975; Cremacrinus inaequalis Billings, E., 1859; Daedalocrinus bellevillensis Billings, W.R., 1883; Eustenocrinus springeri Ulrich, 1925; Iocrinus trentonensis Walcott, 1883; and Isotomocrinus tenuis Billings, E., 1857b; and the hybocrinids include Hybocrinus tumidus Billings, E., 1857a and Hybocystites problematicus Wetherby, 1880. Previously known from only the holotype, three additional specimens of E. springeri expand our understanding of this unusual crinoid. Nomenclatural acts include the following: the recommendation of Warn and Strimple (1977), who designated Daedalocrinus kirki as a junior synonym of Daedalocrinus bellevillensis is followed; Hybocrinus pristinus Billings, E., 1858 is designated a junior synonym of Hybocrinus tumidus; and previous decisions are followed herein to retain Hybocystites eldonensis (Parks, 1908) as a junior synonym of Hybocystites problematicus. Although probably assignable to Anomalocrinus, the aberrant crinoid Glaucocrinus falconeri is designated a nomen dubium. Iocrinus similis (Billings, E., 1857a) is also designated a nomen dubium.
Data from: New crinoids from the Baltic region (Estonia): fossil tip-dating phylogenetics constrains the origin and Ordovician–Silurian diversification of the Flexibilia (Echinodermata)
This study documents previously unknown taxonomic and morphological diversity among early Palaeozoic crinoids. Based on highly complete, well preserved crown material, we describe two new genera from the Ordovician and Silurian of the Baltic region (Estonia) that provide insight into two major features of the geological history of crinoids: the early evolution of the flexible clade during the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE), and their diversification history surrounding the end-Ordovician mass extinction. The unexpected occurrence of a highly derived sagenocrinid, Tintinnabulicrinus estoniensis gen. et. sp. nov., from Upper Ordovician (lower Katian) rocks of the Baltic palaeocontinent provides high-resolution temporal, taxonomic and palaeobiogeographical constraints on the origin and early evolution of the Flexibilia. The Silurian (lower Rhuddanian, Llandovery) Paerticrinus arvosus gen. et sp. nov. is the oldest known Silurian crinoid from Baltica and thus provides the earliest Baltic record of crinoids following the aftermath of the end-Ordovician mass extinction. A Bayesian 'fossil tip-dating' analysis implementing the fossilized birth–death process and a relaxed morphological clock model suggests that flexibles evolved c. 3 million years prior to their oldest fossil record, potentially involving an ancestor–descendant relationship (via 'budding' cladogenesis or anagenesis) with the paraphyletic cladid Cupulocrinus. The sagenocrinid subclade rapidly diverged from 'taxocrinid' grade crinoids during the final stages of the GOBE, culminating in maximal diversity among Ordovician crinoid faunas on a global scale. Remarkably, diversification patterns indicate little taxonomic turnover among flexibles across the Late Ordovician mass extinction. However, the elimination of closely related clades may have helped pave the way for their subsequent Silurian diversification and increased ecological role in post-Ordovician Palaeozoic marine communities. This study highlights the significance of studies reporting faunas from undersampled palaeogeographical regions for clade-based phylogenetic studies and improving estimates of global biodiversity through geological time.
Data from: Rautangaroa, a new genus of feather star (Echinodermata: Crinoidea) from the Oligocene of New Zealand
We describe a nearly complete, and thus extremely rare, featherstar (Crinoidea, Comatulida) from Oligocene strata of North Otago/South Canterbury, New Zealand. A detailed analysis of this specimen, as well as newly recovered material and previously described fragmentary remains from nearby contemporaneous sedimentary units, in addition to relevant historical specimens, lead us to conclude that it cannot be placed in any currently established genus. A new genus, Rautangaroa, is proposed to accommodate it. This intact specimen of Rautangaroa aotearoa (Eagle, 2007), new combination, provides rare data on the morphology of arms and cirri. It represents the first example of arm autotomy and regeneration in a fossil featherstar, and thus has bearing on the importance of predation to the evolutionary history of this group.
FIGURE 1 in Taxonomy of the monotypic genus Koehleria Cherbonnier, 1988 (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Cucumariidae)
FIGURE 1. Pseudocolochirus unica (Cherbonnier, 1988) from South Africa. Ossicles. A. from dorsal body wall; B. from ventral body wall; C. rosacelike reticulated plate from ventral body wall; D. minute rods and rosettes from tentacle; E. large rods from tentacle; F. ventral podia deposits; G. podia endplate; H. calcareous ring (r=radial plate; ir=interradial plate); J. stone canal and madreporite.
FIGURE 1. Hemiocnus syracusanus. A in A new genus and a new species in the sea cucumber subfamily Colochirinae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida: Cucumariidae) in the Mediterranean Sea
FIGURE 1. Hemiocnus syracusanus. A. Incomplete baskets from body wall; B. Rod from tube foot; C. Rosettes from tentacles; D. Calcareous ring.
FIGURE 6. Hemiocnus rubrobrunneus. A in A new genus and a new species in the sea cucumber subfamily Colochirinae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida: Cucumariidae) in the Mediterranean Sea
FIGURE 6. Hemiocnus rubrobrunneus. A. Rods from tentacles; B. Rosettes from tentacles; C. Rods from tube feet; D. Rosettes from introvert; E. Rods from introvert; F. Round knobbed button from introvert; G. Part of calcareous ring. A, D, E & F = scale a.
FIGURE 3. Hemiocnus rubrobrunneus n in A new genus and a new species in the sea cucumber subfamily Colochirinae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida: Cucumariidae) in the Mediterranean Sea
FIGURE 3. Hemiocnus rubrobrunneus n. sp. ossicles. A. Buttons from body wall; B. Incomplete baskets from body wall and tube feet; C. Basket on knobbed button; D. Complete baskets from tube feet; E. Simple open rosettes from body wall; F. Complex open rosettes from body wall; G Closed rosette from body wall. (B, D, E, F & G = scale b; A & C = scale a).
FIGURE 32 in Sublittoral and bathyal sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the Northern Mozambique Channel with description of six new species
FIGURE 32. Molpadia lenticulum (Cherbonnier & Féral, 1981). A: Dorsal view of specimen IE-2007-778(1). B: SEM photos of ossicles from the tail. Scale bars: A = 1cm; B = 100µm.
FIGURE 29. Ophnurgus natalasper Thandar, 1992. A–B in Sublittoral and bathyal sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the Northern Mozambique Channel with description of six new species
FIGURE 29. Ophnurgus natalasper Thandar, 1992. A–B: Dorsal view (A) and ventral view (B) of specimen IE-2007-801. C– E: SEM photos of ossicles from the anterior part of dorsal body wall (C) anterior (D) and posterior (E) part of ventral body wall. Scale bars: A,B = 1cm; C,D,E = 100µm.
FIGURE 33 in Sublittoral and bathyal sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the Northern Mozambique Channel with description of six new species
FIGURE 33. Molpadia thandari sp. nov. A: Dorsal view of the paratype; B–C: SEM photos of ossicles from dorsal body wall (B) and tail (C). Scale bars: A = 1cm; B,C = 50µm.
FIGURE 26 in Sublittoral and bathyal sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the Northern Mozambique Channel with description of six new species
FIGURE 26. Sclerodactyla multipes (Théel, 1868). A: Lateral view of specimen IE-2007-767; B–C: SEM photos of ossicles from introvert (B) and dorsal body wall (C). Scale bars: A = 1cm; B = 20µm; C = 50µm.
FIGURE 18. Kareniella gracilis Heding, 1940. A–B in Sublittoral and bathyal sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the Northern Mozambique Channel with description of six new species
FIGURE 18. Kareniella gracilis Heding, 1940. A–B: Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of specimen IE-2007-803; C: SEM photos of ossicles from the body wall. Scale bars: A, B = 1cm; C = 50µm.
FIGURE 15 in Sublittoral and bathyal sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the Northern Mozambique Channel with description of six new species
FIGURE 15. Amphigymnas woodmasoni (Walsh, 1891). A: dorsal view of specimen IE-2007-798, B: SEM view of ossicles from the body wall. Scale bars: A = 1cm; B = 50µm.
FIGURE 16 in Sublittoral and bathyal sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the Northern Mozambique Channel with description of six new species
FIGURE 16. Bathyplotes natans (Sars, 1868). A–B: Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of specimen IE-2007-772. C–D: SEM photos of ossicles from the body wall (C), the longitudinal muscles and cloaca (D). Scale bars: A,B = 1cm; C = 20µm; D = 10µm.
FIGURE 23 in Sublittoral and bathyal sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the Northern Mozambique Channel with description of six new species
FIGURE 23 Pentacta doliolum (Pallas, 1766). A: Lateral view of specimen IE-2007-809; B: SEM photos of ossicles from the body wall. Scale bars: A = 1cm; B = 100µm; C = 10µm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.