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919 results for “Fossil species”
FIG. 4 in A new fossil species of Trentepohlia (Diptera, Limoniidae) from the Dominican Miocene
FIG. 4. — Male terminalia (A) of Trentepohlia (P.) miocenica Mederos & Wang n. sp. holotype specimen. Thorax in lateral (B) and dorsal view (C) of two paratype male specimens. Scale bars: A, 0.2 mm; B, C, 0.5 mm.
Figs 51–58 in New fossil genus and new extant species of diatoms (Stephanodiscaceae, Bacillariophyceae) from Pleistocene sediments in the Neotropics (Guatemala, Central America): adaptation to a changing environment?
Figs 51–58 (next page). Type material of fossil lacustrine diatom Discostella gabinii Paillès & Sylvestre sp. nov., Lake Petén-Itzá (Guatemala); SEM valve views. 51. External valve view showing a colliculate central area with scattered areolae, knots and papillae, and a marginal area with finely punctuated radiating striae. 52. External view of a large specimen with numerous areolae in the central area; the striae have rounded ends near the margin. 53. Valve view of a complete corroded frustule showing valve interior with medium sized alveoli and marginal fultoportulae located in the middle of every 3rd to 5th alveoli; open valvocopula present. 54. External openings of marginal fultoportulae located just below the crescent end of the striae (white arrowheads). 55. Internal valve view with medium sized alveoli and a large expansion of the smooth central lamina; marginal fultoportulae located on every 3rd to 5th alveoli. 56. Internal valve view with smooth central area with a single areola; open valvocopula present. 57. Detail view of valve margin; marginal fultoportulae composed of one tube with two satellite pores positioned on the external ends of the alveoli; rimoportula with vertically orientated lips, located between two costae at the edge of an alveolus and within the ring of marginal fultoportulae. 58. Detail view of the valve margin with an eroded marginal fultoportula at the edge of the alveolus; note a row of fine pores on the interior of the girdle band (white arrowheads). Scale bars = 51–56 = 2 µm; 57–58 = 1 µm.
Figs 33–40 in New fossil genus and new extant species of diatoms (Stephanodiscaceae, Bacillariophyceae) from Pleistocene sediments in the Neotropics (Guatemala, Central America): adaptation to a changing environment?
Figs 33–40 (next page). Type material of fossil lacustrine diatom Cyclocostis rolfii Paillès gen. et sp. nov.; SEM internal valve views. 33. Broken valve revealing internal structure; note the reduced cell cavity (white arrowhead). 34. Valve interior showing strong anastomosing ribs merging to a central siliceous ring; central lamina absent; marginal fultoportulae located on every 2nd recessed costa; note the slightly deflected rimoportula (white arrow). 35. Valve interior of a small specimen with strong thick ribs and reduced alveoli, central lamina absent; note the single valve face fultoportula (white arrowhead) located near the valve margin on the raised central area; open valvocopula in place. 36. Broken valve margin showing complex alveolar structure: two thick ribs with a median recessed costa, more inwardly bent, carrying marginal fultoportula composed of one tube and three satellite pores. 37. Valve interior of a small specimen with valvocopula. 38. Heart shaped alveoli due to the marginal fultoportula located on median recessed costa. 39. Internal valve view with marginal fultoportulae and rimoportula arranged in a ring below the valve margin; the single valve face fultoportula (double white arrowhead) is always on the opposite side from the rimoportula (single white arrowhead). 40. Detail of the single valve face fultoportula composed of a short tube and three satellite pores always in an eccentric position. Scale bars: 33, 34 = 5 µm; 35, 39 = 2 µm; 36–38 = 1 µm; 40 = 0.5 µm.
FIGURE 1 in Fossil decapods from the Upper Quaternary in Shinjima Island in Kagoshima Kyushu, Japan, and description of a new species of ghost shrimp (Axiidea Eucalliacidae)
FIGURE 1. Map showing the fossil localities.
Data from: How many dinosaur species were there? Fossil bias and true richness estimated using a Poisson sampling model
The fossil record is a rich source of information about biological diversity in the past. However, the fossil record is not only incomplete but has also inherent biases due to geological, physical, chemical and biological factors. Our knowledge of past life is also biased because of differences in academic and amateur interests and sampling efforts. As a result, not all individuals or species that lived in the past are equally likely to be discovered at any point in time or space. To reconstruct temporal dynamics of diversity using the fossil record, biased sampling must be explicitly taken into account. Here, we introduce an approach that uses the variation in the number of times each species is observed in the fossil record to estimate both sampling bias and true richness. We term our technique TRiPS (True Richness estimated using a Poisson Sampling model) and explore its robustness to violation of its assumptions via simulations. We then venture to estimate sampling bias and absolute species richness of dinosaurs in the geological stages of the Mesozoic. Using TRiPS, we estimate that 1936 (1543–2468) species of dinosaurs roamed the Earth during the Mesozoic. We also present improved estimates of species richness trajectories of the three major dinosaur clades: the sauropodomorphs, ornithischians and theropods, casting doubt on the Jurassic–Cretaceous extinction event and demonstrating that all dinosaur groups are subject to considerable sampling bias throughout the Mesozoic.
Data from: Semicircular canals in Anolis lizards: ecomorphological convergence and ecomorph affinities of fossil species
Anolis lizards are a model system for the study of adaptive radiation and convergent evolution. Greater Antillean anoles have repeatedly evolved six similar forms or ecomorphs: crown-giant, grass-bush, twig, trunk, trunk-crown and trunk-ground. Members of each ecomorph category possess a specific set of morphological, ecological and behavioural characteristics which have been acquired convergently. Here we test whether the semicircular canal system—the organ of balance during movement—is also convergent among ecomorphs, reflecting the shared sensory requirements of their ecological niches. As semicircular canal shape has been shown to reflect different locomotor strategies, we hypothesized that each Anolis ecomorph would have a unique canal morphology. Using three-dimensional semilandmarks and geometric morphometrics, semicircular canal shape was characterized in 41 Anolis species from the Greater Antilles and the relationship between canal shape and ecomorph grouping, phylogenetic history, size, head dimensions, and perch characteristics was assessed. Further, canal morphology of modern species was used to predict the ecomorph affinity of five fossil anoles from the Miocene of the Dominican Republic. Of the covariates tested, our study recovered ecomorph as the single-most important covariate of canal morphology in modern taxa; although phylogenetic history, size, and head dimensions also showed a small, yet significant correlation with shape. Surprisingly, perch characteristics were not found to be significant covariates of canal shape, even though they are important habitat variables. Using posterior probabilities, we found that the fossil anoles have different semicircular canals shapes to modern ecomorph groupings implying extinct anoles may have been interacting with their Miocene environment in different ways to modern Anolis species.
FIGURE 2 in Description of a new fossil Anthoxyela species (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae) from Yixian Formation of Northeast China
FIGURE 2. Anthoxyela orientalis sp. nov., line drawing of holotype CNU-HYM-LB-2008003.
FIGURE 1 in Description of a new fossil Anthoxyela species (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae) from Yixian Formation of Northeast China
FIGURE 1. Anthoxyela orientalis sp. nov., photograph of holotype, CNU-HYM-LB-2008003, dorsal view.
FIGURES 9–10 in A new genus and two new species of fossil Elaterids from the Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning, China (Coleoptera: Elateridae)
FIGURES 9–10. Paralithomerus exquisitus gen. et sp. nov., holotype, 9—dorsal view, 10—ventral view.
FIGURES 14–15 in A new genus and two new species of fossil Elaterids from the Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning, China (Coleoptera: Elateridae)
FIGURES 14–15. Paralithomerus parallelus sp. nov., holotype. 14—dorsal view, 15—ventral view.
FIGURE 12 in New species of Crotonia (Acari: Oribatida: Camisiidae) from Nothofagus and Eucalyptus forests in Victoria, Australia, with a redescription of the fossil species Crotonia ramus (Womersley, 1957)
FIGURE 12. Crotonia blacki sp. nov. tritonymph a) dorsal; b) ventral
FIGURE 8 in New species of Crotonia (Acari: Oribatida: Camisiidae) from Nothofagus and Eucalyptus forests in Victoria, Australia, with a redescription of the fossil species Crotonia ramus (Womersley, 1957)
FIGURE 8. Crotonia blacki sp. nov. dorsal a) holotype female; b) paratype male
FIGURE 13 in New species of Crotonia (Acari: Oribatida: Camisiidae) from Nothofagus and Eucalyptus forests in Victoria, Australia, with a redescription of the fossil species Crotonia ramus (Womersley, 1957)
FIGURE 13. Crotonia gadubanudi sp. nov. dorsal a) holotype female b) paratype male.
FIGURE 1 in New species of Crotonia (Acari: Oribatida: Camisiidae) from Nothofagus and Eucalyptus forests in Victoria, Australia, with a redescription of the fossil species Crotonia ramus (Womersley, 1957)
FIGURE 1. Crotonia alpina sp. nov. holotype female a) dorsal; b) ventral.
FIGURE 4 in New species of Crotonia (Acari: Oribatida: Camisiidae) from Nothofagus and Eucalyptus forests in Victoria, Australia, with a redescription of the fossil species Crotonia ramus (Womersley, 1957)
FIGURE 4. Crotonia momitoi sp. nov. Dorsal a) holotype female; b) paratype male
FIGURE 7 in New species of Crotonia (Acari: Oribatida: Camisiidae) from Nothofagus and Eucalyptus forests in Victoria, Australia, with a redescription of the fossil species Crotonia ramus (Womersley, 1957)
FIGURE 7. Crotonia momitoi sp. nov. tritonymph a) dorsal; b) ventral
FIGURE 16 in New species of Crotonia (Acari: Oribatida: Camisiidae) from Nothofagus and Eucalyptus forests in Victoria, Australia, with a redescription of the fossil species Crotonia ramus (Womersley, 1957)
FIGURE 16. Crotonia ramus (Womersley, 1957). Holotype female a) dorsal; b) ventral.
FIGURE 3 in New species of Crotonia (Acari: Oribatida: Camisiidae) from Nothofagus and Eucalyptus forests in Victoria, Australia, with a redescription of the fossil species Crotonia ramus (Womersley, 1957)
FIGURE 3. Crotonia victoriae sp. nov. holotype female a) dorsal; b) ventral.
FIGURE 5 in New species of Crotonia (Acari: Oribatida: Camisiidae) from Nothofagus and Eucalyptus forests in Victoria, Australia, with a redescription of the fossil species Crotonia ramus (Womersley, 1957)
FIGURE 5. Crotonia momitoi sp. nov. ventral a) holotype female; b) paratype male
FIGURE 11 in New species of Crotonia (Acari: Oribatida: Camisiidae) from Nothofagus and Eucalyptus forests in Victoria, Australia, with a redescription of the fossil species Crotonia ramus (Womersley, 1957)
FIGURE 11. Crotonia blacki sp. nov. protonymph a) dorsal; b) ventral
ScienceDex guides
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.