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FIGURE 4. A in Rediscovery and IUCN threat assessment of Themeda saxicola (Poaceae: Andropogoneae), an endemic grass from the Eastern Ghats, India
FIGURE 4. A. Estimation of habitat distribution from Google Earth. B. Google Earth Image of Raisili Hill.
FIGURE 2 in Rediscovery and IUCN threat assessment of Themeda saxicola (Poaceae: Andropogoneae), an endemic grass from the Eastern Ghats, India
FIGURE 2. Themeda saxicola Bor: A. Habit, B. Raceme; Involucral spikelet: C. Spikelet, D. Lower glume, E. Upper glume, F. Lower lemma, G. Upper lemma; Sessile spikelet: H. Spikelet, I. Lower glume, J. Upper glume K. Upper lemma; Pedicelled spikelet: L. Spikelet, M. Lower glume, N. Upper glume, O. Lower lemma.
Data from: Emerging wild virus of native grass bioenergy feedstock is well established in the Midwestern USA and associated with premature stand senescence
<p>This dataset includes values for the prevalence of switchgrass mosaic virus (Genus Marafivirus, Family Tymoviridae) detected with molecular diagnostics (RT-PCR) in individual Panicum virgatum (switchgrass) plants and in Graminella leafhoppers that feed on them. Surveys were conducted in 15 sites in August 2012. Stands surveyed had been established for some time and represent a range of landscape contexts. Measures of stand height and percent senescence were also collected. Land cover composition surrounding each site was calculated from the USDA-NASS Cropland Data Layer and estimates of drought impact were derived from the US Drought Monitor.</p>
Induction and potential role of summer dormancy to enhance persistence of perennial grasses under warmer climates
<p><span>The persistence of perennial herbaceous species is threatened by increasing aridity. However, summer dormancy is a strategy conferring superior survival to grasses adapted to hot and dry summers. The role of temperature on the induction of summer dormancy was investigated in the perennial grass<em> Dactylis glomerata</em> to analyse the potential expression of this strategy under warmer climates.</span></p> <p><span>We tested seven populations of <em>D. glomerata</em> originating from Morocco to Norway across the same latitudinal gradient in a five-site experiment. One population of the highly summer-dormant grass <em>Poa bulbosa</em> was used as a reference. Plants were grown from autumn in pots under full irrigation for one year mostly under open-air shelters. Heading date (ear emergence preceding flowering) was recorded and foliage senescence was assessed from end of spring until autumn. The maximum plant senescence under summer irrigation indicated the level of dormancy expression. Summer dormancy onset, release, expression and duration were modelled as a function of climatic variables. </span></p> <p><span>From north to south, the duration of summer dormancy of the Mediterranean populations of <em>D. glomerata</em> and <em>P. bulbosa</em> ranged from 0 to 122 days, and 79 to 200 days respectively. <em>P. bulbosa </em>was always completely dormant, while dormancy expression of <em>D. glomerata </em>was positively correlated with the sum of temperatures from winter onset (<em>R</em>²=0.57) and with the mean of minimum temperatures in summer (<em>R</em>²=0.73). D</span><span>ormancy onset, release and duration were also positively correlated with thermal time from winter onset, while the duration of summer dormancy was longer as maximum temperatures increased. </span><span>Mapping the European regions with climates allowing the expression of summer dormancy in <em>D. glomerata</em>, showed that the potentially inductive areas for this strategy may expand in parallel with increasing summer aridity under a future climate warming scenario.</span></p>
Short term grass bud response to high and low energy fires
<p>Increasingly, land managers have attempted to use extreme prescribed fire as a method to address woody plant encroachment in savanna ecosystems. The effect that these fires have on herbaceous vegetation is poorly understood. We experimentally examined immediate (<24hr) bud response of two dominant graminoids, a C<sub>3</sub> caespitose grass, <i>Nassella leucotricha</i>, and a C<sub>4</sub> stoloniferous grass, <i>Hilaria belangeri</i>,<i> </i>following fires of varying energy (J/m<sup>2</sup>) in a semi-arid savanna in the Edwards Plateau ecoregion of Texas. Treatments included high- and low-energy fires determined by contrasting fuel loading and a no burn (control) treatment. Belowground axillary buds were counted and their activities classified to determine immediate effects of fire energy on bud activity, dormancy, and mortality. High-energy burns resulted in immediate mortality of <i>N. leucotricha</i> and <i>H. belangeri</i> buds (<i>P </i>< 0.05). Active buds decreased following high-energy and low-energy burns for both species (<i>P </i>< 0.05). In contrast, bud activity, dormancy, and mortality remained constant in the control. In the high-energy treatment, 100% (n=24) of <i>N. leucotricha</i> individuals resprouted while only 25% (n=24) of <i>H. belangeri</i> individuals resprouted (<i>P </i>< 0.0001) three weeks following treatment application. Bud depths differed between species and may account for this divergence, with average bud depths for <i>N. leucotricha</i> 1.3 cm deeper than <i>H. belangeri</i> (<i>P </i>< 0.0001). <em><span>Synthesis and applications: </span></em>Our results suggest that fire energy directly affects bud activity and mortality through soil heating for these two species. <span>It is imperative to understand how fire energ</span><em><span>y </span></em><span>impacts the bud banks of grasses</span> to better predict grass response to increased use of extreme prescribed fire in land management.</p>
FIGURE 3 in New records of two appendage bearing ceolomycetes on grasses in Thailand
FIGURE 3. Dinemasporium pseudostrigosum (MFLU 22-0006). a, b. Appearance of conidiomata on host. c. Close-up of conidioma. d. Squash mount of conidioma with seta. e. Section of conidioma. f. Conidiomatal wall. g, h. Conidiogenous cells and developing conidia. i–l. Conidia. Scale bars: b, c = 500 µm, d, e = 50 µm, g, h = 2 µm, f, i–l = 5 µm.
FIGURE 2 in New records of two appendage bearing ceolomycetes on grasses in Thailand
FIGURE 2. RAxML tree based on a combined dataset of LSU and ITS partial sequences of 40 taxa of the family Sporocadaceae. Bootstrap support values for maximum likelihood (ML), maximum parsimony (MP) values higher than 65% and Bayesian posterior probabilities (BYPP) greater than 0.90 are given above each branch, respectively. The new isolates are in red. Ex-type strains are in bold typeface. The tree is rooted to Phlogicylindrium eucalyptorum (CBS 111689) and P. uniforme (CBS 131312).
FIGURE 1 in New records of two appendage bearing ceolomycetes on grasses in Thailand
FIGURE 1. RAxML tree based on a combined dataset of LSU and ITS partial sequences of 39 taxa of the family Chaetosphaeriaceae. Bootstrap support values for maximum likelihood (ML), maximum parsimony (MP) values higher than 65% and Bayesian posterior probabilities (BYPP) greater than 0.90 are given above each branch, respectively. The new isolates are in red. Ex-type strains are in bold typeface. The tree is rooted to Menispora tortuosa (AFTOL-ID 278 and CBS 214.56).
Increasing abundance of an invasive C4 grass is associated with larger community changes away than at home
<p><strong><span>Aim</span></strong><span><strong>:</strong> We evaluated the stands of the invasive grass, <em>Sporobolus cryptandrus</em> in its native North American and non-native European range, where it is a recent invader. Our aim was to reveal how the species' increasing abundance affects functional diversity and ecosystem service provisioning capacities of plant communities in both ranges.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Location</span></strong><span><strong>:</strong> Sand</span> <span>grasslands in the Kiskunság, Hungary, and in Montana, USA.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Methods</span></strong><span><strong>:</strong> All vascular plant species and their relative abundances were recorded </span><span>in a stratified random manner in 1</span><span>m×1m </span><span>plots in</span><span> each range, using the following cover categories of <em>Sporobolus</em> as strata: 1–25%, 26–50%, 50–75%, and 75–100%. The functional characteristics of the plant communities of the two continents were compared. We performed the comparisons of the communities both with and without including Sporobolus.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Results</span></strong><span><strong>: </strong>Increasing <em>Sporobolus</em> cover resulted in a lower functional diversity and species richness, reduced average specific leaf area, and increased height of the whole plant communities in both ranges but these effects were significantly stronger in the non-native stands. <em>Sporobolus</em> also negatively affected the cover of insect-pollinated plant species and the proportion of native perennials, switching the rest of the community from perennial-dominated to annual-dominated. In the plant communities without <em>Sporobolus</em>, increasing <em>Sporobolus</em> cover led to higher specific leaf area and seed mass in both ranges, but average height was decreasing along the <em>Sporobolus</em> abundance gradient in the native range, while it was increasing in the non-native range. </span></p> <p><strong><span>Conclusions</span></strong><span><strong>:</strong> The spread of <em>Sporobolus</em>, away from its native range, leads to the impoverishment of host communities and compromises the biomass and floral resource provisioning capacity of the vegetation to higher trophic levels. Tackling the spread of this new invader should therefore be a priority task.</span></p>
On following pages: 526. Spy Hocicudo (Oxymycterus delator); 527. Atlantic Forest Hocicudo (Oxymycterus dosytrichos); 528. Quaestor Hocicudo (Oxymycterus quaeston; 529. Inca Hocicudo (Oxymyecterus inca); 530. Paramo Hocicudo (Oxymycterus paramensis); 531. Elfin Forest Hocicudo (Oxymycterus nigrifrons); 532. Upper Yungas Inca Hocicudo (Oxymycterus juliacae); 533. Small Yungas Hocicudo (Oxymycterus hiska); 534. Quechuan Hocicudo (Oxymycterus hucucha); 535. Mount Caparao Hocicudo (Oxymycterus caparoae); 536. Red Hocicudo (Oxymycterus rufus); 537. Darwin's Hocicudo (Oxymycterus nasutus); 538. Ravine Hocicudo (Oxymycterus wayku); 539. Cook's Hocicudo (Oxymycterus josel); 540. Common Cerrado Mouse (Thalpomys cerradensis); 541. Hairy-eared Cerrado Mouse (Thalpomys lasiotis); 542. Roraima Mouse (Podoxymys roraimae); 543. Blackish Grass Mouse (Thaptomys nigrita); 544. Ecuadorean Akodont (Necromys punctulatus); 545. Northern Akodont (Necromys urichi); 546. Hairy-tailed Akodont (Necromys lasiurus); 547. Pleasant Akodont (Necromys amoenus); 548. White-chinned Akodont (Necromys lactens), 549. Lillo's Akodont (Necromys lilloi); 550. Dark-furred Akodont (Necromys obscurus); 551. Kemp's Grass Mouse (Deltamys kempi); 552. Araucaria Grass Mouse (Deltamys araucaria); 553. Serra do Mar Grass Mouse (Castoria angustidens). in Cricetidae
On following pages: 526. Spy Hocicudo (Oxymycterus delator); 527. Atlantic Forest Hocicudo (Oxymycterus dosytrichos); 528. Quaestor Hocicudo (Oxymycterus quaeston; 529. Inca Hocicudo (Oxymyecterus inca); 530. Paramo Hocicudo (Oxymycterus paramensis); 531. Elfin Forest Hocicudo (Oxymycterus nigrifrons); 532. Upper Yungas Inca Hocicudo (Oxymycterus juliacae); 533. Small Yungas Hocicudo (Oxymycterus hiska); 534. Quechuan Hocicudo (Oxymycterus hucucha); 535. Mount Caparao Hocicudo (Oxymycterus caparoae); 536. Red Hocicudo (Oxymycterus rufus); 537. Darwin's Hocicudo (Oxymycterus nasutus); 538. Ravine Hocicudo (Oxymycterus wayku); 539. Cook's Hocicudo (Oxymycterus josel); 540. Common Cerrado Mouse (Thalpomys cerradensis); 541. Hairy-eared Cerrado Mouse (Thalpomys lasiotis); 542. Roraima Mouse (Podoxymys roraimae); 543. Blackish Grass Mouse (Thaptomys nigrita); 544. Ecuadorean Akodont (Necromys punctulatus); 545. Northern Akodont (Necromys urichi); 546. Hairy-tailed Akodont (Necromys lasiurus); 547. Pleasant Akodont (Necromys amoenus); 548. White-chinned Akodont (Necromys lactens), 549. Lillo's Akodont (Necromys lilloi); 550. Dark-furred Akodont (Necromys obscurus); 551. Kemp's Grass Mouse (Deltamys kempi); 552. Araucaria Grass Mouse (Deltamys araucaria); 553. Serra do Mar Grass Mouse (Castoria angustidens).
On following pages: 489. Coues's Marsh Rice Rat (Oryzomys couesi); 490. White-bellied Marsh Rice Rat (Oryzomys albiventer), 491. Nicaraguan Marsh Rice Rat (Oryzomys dimidiatus); 492. Gorgas's Marsh Rice Rat (Oryzomys gorgasi, 493. Santiago Galapagos Mouse (Nesoryzomys swarthi); 494. Small Fernandina Galapagos Mouse (Nesoryzomys fernandinae); 495. Large Fernandina Galapagos Mouse (Nesoryzomys narboroughi); 496. Galapagos Rice Rat (Aegialomys galapagoensis); 497 Yellowish Rice Rat (Aegialomys xanthaeolus); 498. Baron's Rice Rat (Aegialomys baroni); 499. Ica Rice Rat (Aegialomys ica); 500. Alfaro's Water Rat (Sigmodontomys alfari); 501. Harris's Rice Water Rat (Tanyuromys aphrastus); 502. Black-and-Yellow Rice Rat (Melanomys chrysomelas); 503. Cinnamon-rufous Rice Rat (Melanomys idoneus); 504. Colombian Rice Rat (Melanomys columbianus); 505. Dusky Rice Rat (Melanomys caliginosus); 506. Robust Dark Rice Rat (Melanomys robustulus); 507. Zuniga's Dark Rice Rat (Melanomys zunigae); 508. Intermediate Lesser Grass Mouse (Microakodontomys transitorius); 509. Lagoa Santa Pink-lipped Mouse (Bibimys labiosus); 510. Chacoan Pink-lipped Mouse (Bibimys chacoensis); 511. Torres's Pink-lipped Mouse (Bibimys torresi), 512. Brazilian Swamp Rat (Scapteromys meridionalis); 513. Argentinean Swamp Rat (Scapteromys aquaticus); 514. Uruguay Swamp Rat (Scapteromys tumidus); 515. Cerrado Giant Rat (Gyldenstolpia planaltensis); 516. Fossorial Giant Rat (Gyldenstolpia fronto); 517. Woolly Giant Rat (Kunsia tomentosus); 518. Andean Rat (Lenoxus apicalis); 519. Atlantic Forest Burrowing Mouse (Blarinomys breviceps); 520. Gray-bellied Brucie (Brucepattersonius griserufescens); 521. Short-tailed Brucie (Brucepattersonius soricinus); 522. Ihering's Brucie (Brucepattersonius iheringi). in Cricetidae
On following pages: 489. Coues's Marsh Rice Rat (Oryzomys couesi); 490. White-bellied Marsh Rice Rat (Oryzomys albiventer), 491. Nicaraguan Marsh Rice Rat (Oryzomys dimidiatus); 492. Gorgas's Marsh Rice Rat (Oryzomys gorgasi, 493. Santiago Galapagos Mouse (Nesoryzomys swarthi); 494. Small Fernandina Galapagos Mouse (Nesoryzomys fernandinae); 495. Large Fernandina Galapagos Mouse (Nesoryzomys narboroughi); 496. Galapagos Rice Rat (Aegialomys galapagoensis); 497 Yellowish Rice Rat (Aegialomys xanthaeolus); 498. Baron's Rice Rat (Aegialomys baroni); 499. Ica Rice Rat (Aegialomys ica); 500. Alfaro's Water Rat (Sigmodontomys alfari); 501. Harris's Rice Water Rat (Tanyuromys aphrastus); 502. Black-and-Yellow Rice Rat (Melanomys chrysomelas); 503. Cinnamon-rufous Rice Rat (Melanomys idoneus); 504. Colombian Rice Rat (Melanomys columbianus); 505. Dusky Rice Rat (Melanomys caliginosus); 506. Robust Dark Rice Rat (Melanomys robustulus); 507. Zuniga's Dark Rice Rat (Melanomys zunigae); 508. Intermediate Lesser Grass Mouse (Microakodontomys transitorius); 509. Lagoa Santa Pink-lipped Mouse (Bibimys labiosus); 510. Chacoan Pink-lipped Mouse (Bibimys chacoensis); 511. Torres's Pink-lipped Mouse (Bibimys torresi), 512. Brazilian Swamp Rat (Scapteromys meridionalis); 513. Argentinean Swamp Rat (Scapteromys aquaticus); 514. Uruguay Swamp Rat (Scapteromys tumidus); 515. Cerrado Giant Rat (Gyldenstolpia planaltensis); 516. Fossorial Giant Rat (Gyldenstolpia fronto); 517. Woolly Giant Rat (Kunsia tomentosus); 518. Andean Rat (Lenoxus apicalis); 519. Atlantic Forest Burrowing Mouse (Blarinomys breviceps); 520. Gray-bellied Brucie (Brucepattersonius griserufescens); 521. Short-tailed Brucie (Brucepattersonius soricinus); 522. Ihering's Brucie (Brucepattersonius iheringi).
On following pages: 115. Reed Vole (Alexandromys fortis); 116. Sakhalin Vole (Alexandromys sachalinensis); 117. Mongolian Vole (Alexandromys mongolicus); 118. Middendorff's Vole (Alexandromys middendorffii; 119. Gromov's Vole (Alexandromys gromovi); 120. Lacustrine Vole (Alexandromys limnophilus); 121. Root Vole (Alexandromys oeconomus); 122. Taiwan Vole (Alexandromys kikuchii); 123. Japanese Grass Vole (Alexandromys montebell); 124. Afghan Vole (Microtus afghanus); 125. Bucharian Vole (Microtus bucharensis); 126. Juniper Vole (Microtus juldaschi); 127. Short-tailed Field Vole (Microtus agrestis); 128. Mediterranean Field Vole (Microtus lavernedii): 129. Portuguese Field Vole (Microtus rozianus); 130. Insular Vole (Microtus abbreviatus); 131. Singing Vole (Microtus miurus); 132. Rock Vole (Microtus chrotorrhinus); 133. Zempoaltepec Vole (Microtus umbrosus); 134. Tarabundi Vole (Microtus oaxacensis); 135. Guatemalan Vole (Microtus guatemalensis); 136. Woodland Vole (Microtus pinetorum); 137. Jalapan Vole (Microtus quasiater); 138. California Vole (Microtus californicus): 139. Beach Vole (Microtus brewer); 140. Mexican Vole (Microtus mexicanus); 141. Mogollon Vole (Microtus mogollonensis); 142. Prairie Vole (Microtus ochrogasten; 143. Taiga Vole (Microtus xanthognathus); 144. Cabrera''s Vole (Microtus cabrerae); 145. North American Water Vole (Microtus richardson); 146. Gray-tailed Vole (Microtus canicaudus). in Cricetidae
On following pages: 115. Reed Vole (Alexandromys fortis); 116. Sakhalin Vole (Alexandromys sachalinensis); 117. Mongolian Vole (Alexandromys mongolicus); 118. Middendorff's Vole (Alexandromys middendorffii; 119. Gromov's Vole (Alexandromys gromovi); 120. Lacustrine Vole (Alexandromys limnophilus); 121. Root Vole (Alexandromys oeconomus); 122. Taiwan Vole (Alexandromys kikuchii); 123. Japanese Grass Vole (Alexandromys montebell); 124. Afghan Vole (Microtus afghanus); 125. Bucharian Vole (Microtus bucharensis); 126. Juniper Vole (Microtus juldaschi); 127. Short-tailed Field Vole (Microtus agrestis); 128. Mediterranean Field Vole (Microtus lavernedii): 129. Portuguese Field Vole (Microtus rozianus); 130. Insular Vole (Microtus abbreviatus); 131. Singing Vole (Microtus miurus); 132. Rock Vole (Microtus chrotorrhinus); 133. Zempoaltepec Vole (Microtus umbrosus); 134. Tarabundi Vole (Microtus oaxacensis); 135. Guatemalan Vole (Microtus guatemalensis); 136. Woodland Vole (Microtus pinetorum); 137. Jalapan Vole (Microtus quasiater); 138. California Vole (Microtus californicus): 139. Beach Vole (Microtus brewer); 140. Mexican Vole (Microtus mexicanus); 141. Mogollon Vole (Microtus mogollonensis); 142. Prairie Vole (Microtus ochrogasten; 143. Taiga Vole (Microtus xanthognathus); 144. Cabrera''s Vole (Microtus cabrerae); 145. North American Water Vole (Microtus richardson); 146. Gray-tailed Vole (Microtus canicaudus).
On following pages: 729. Narrow-nasal Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis stenops); 730. Pearson's Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis pearson); 731. Western Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis occidens); 732. Ancash Leaf-eared Mouse definitus); 733. Lima Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis limatus); 734. Master Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis magisten); 735. Yellow-rumped Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis xanthopygus); 736. Osgood's Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis (Phyllotis osgoodi); 737. Bunch Grass Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis osilae); 738. Capricorn Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis caprinus); 739. Tucuman Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis tucumanus); 740. Walnut Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis nogalaris); 741. Darwin's Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis darwinii); 742. Los Alisos Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis alisosiensis); 743. Anita's Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis anitae); 744. Bonarian Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis bonariensis), 745. Wolffsohn's Leaf-eared Mouse (Tapecomys wolffsohni); 746. Tapecua Leaf-eared Mouse (Tapecomys primus); 747. Southern Big-eared Mouse (Loxodontomys micropus); 748. Delicate Salt Flat Mouse (Salinomys delicatus), 749. Pearson's Chaco Mouse (Andalgalomys pearson); 750. Olrog's Chaco Mouse (Andalgalomys olrogi); 751. Garlepp's Mouse (Galenomys garleppi); 752. Painted Big-eared Mouse (Auliscomys pictus); 753. Bolivian Bigeared Mouse (Auliscomys boliviensis); 754. Andean Big-eared Mouse (Auliscomys sublimis); 7565. Sumichrast's Vesper Rat (Nyctomys sumichrasti); 756. Yucatan Vesper Rat (Otonyctomys hatt); 757. Big-eared Climbing Rat (Ototylomys phyllotis); 758. La Pera Climbing Rat (Ototylomys chiapensis); 759. Peters's Climbing Rat (Tylomys nudicaudus): 760. Chiapan Climbing Rat (Tylomys bullaris); 761. Tumbala Climbing Rat (Tylomys tumbalensis); 762. Watson's Climbing Rat (Tylomys watson); 763. Fulvous-bellied Climbing Rat (Tylomys fulviventen; 764. Panama Climbing Rat (Tylomys panamensis); 765. Mira Climbing Rat (Tylomys mirae). in Cricetidae
On following pages: 729. Narrow-nasal Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis stenops); 730. Pearson's Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis pearson); 731. Western Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis occidens); 732. Ancash Leaf-eared Mouse definitus); 733. Lima Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis limatus); 734. Master Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis magisten); 735. Yellow-rumped Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis xanthopygus); 736. Osgood's Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis (Phyllotis osgoodi); 737. Bunch Grass Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis osilae); 738. Capricorn Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis caprinus); 739. Tucuman Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis tucumanus); 740. Walnut Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis nogalaris); 741. Darwin's Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis darwinii); 742. Los Alisos Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis alisosiensis); 743. Anita's Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis anitae); 744. Bonarian Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis bonariensis), 745. Wolffsohn's Leaf-eared Mouse (Tapecomys wolffsohni); 746. Tapecua Leaf-eared Mouse (Tapecomys primus); 747. Southern Big-eared Mouse (Loxodontomys micropus); 748. Delicate Salt Flat Mouse (Salinomys delicatus), 749. Pearson's Chaco Mouse (Andalgalomys pearson); 750. Olrog's Chaco Mouse (Andalgalomys olrogi); 751. Garlepp's Mouse (Galenomys garleppi); 752. Painted Big-eared Mouse (Auliscomys pictus); 753. Bolivian Bigeared Mouse (Auliscomys boliviensis); 754. Andean Big-eared Mouse (Auliscomys sublimis); 7565. Sumichrast's Vesper Rat (Nyctomys sumichrasti); 756. Yucatan Vesper Rat (Otonyctomys hatt); 757. Big-eared Climbing Rat (Ototylomys phyllotis); 758. La Pera Climbing Rat (Ototylomys chiapensis); 759. Peters's Climbing Rat (Tylomys nudicaudus): 760. Chiapan Climbing Rat (Tylomys bullaris); 761. Tumbala Climbing Rat (Tylomys tumbalensis); 762. Watson's Climbing Rat (Tylomys watson); 763. Fulvous-bellied Climbing Rat (Tylomys fulviventen; 764. Panama Climbing Rat (Tylomys panamensis); 765. Mira Climbing Rat (Tylomys mirae).
On following pages: 558. Arguedas''s Grass Mouse (Akodon josemariarguedasi); 559. Junin Grass Mouse (Akodon juninensis); 560. Puno Grass Mouse (Akodon subfuscus); 561. Cloud Forest Grass Mouse (Akodon torques); 562. Silent Grass Mouse (Akodon surdus); 563. Kotosh Grass Mouse (Akodon kotosh); 564. White-bellied Grass Mouse (Akodon albiventen; 565. Bolivian Grass Mouse (Akodon boliviensis); 566. Lindbergh's Grass Mouse (Akodon lindberghi); 567. Cursorial Grass Mouse (Akodon curson; 568. Montane Grass Mouse (Akodon montensis); 569. Altiplano Grass Mouse (Akodon lutescens); 570. Thespian Grass Mouse (Akodon mimus); 571. Koford's Grass Mouse (Akodon kofordl); 572. Smoky Grass Mouse (Akodon fumeus); 573. Day's Grass Mouse (Akodon dayi); 574. Cochabamba Grass Mouse (Akodon siberiae); 575. Unicolored Grass Mouse (Akodon caenosus); 576. Tarija Grass Mouse (Akodon pervalens), 577. Gray-bellied Grass Mouse (Akodon simulator); 578. Budin's Grass Mouse (Akodon budini); 579. Variable Grass Mouse (Akodon varius); 580. Caparao Grass Mouse (Akodon mystax); 581. Parana Grass Mouse (Akodon paranaensis); 582. Sao Paulo Grass Mouse (Akodon sanctipaulensis); 583. Forest Grass Mouse (Akodon sylvanus); 584. Spegazzini's Grass Mouse (Akodon spegazzinii); 585. Toba Grass Mouse (Akodon toba); 586. Azara's Grass Mouse (Akodon azarae); 587 Philip Myers's Grass Mouse (Akodon philipmyersi); 588. Reig's Grass Mouse (Akodon reigi); 589. Polop's Grass Mouse (Akodon polopi); 590. Dolores Grass Mouse (Akodon dolores); 591. Intelligent Grass Mouse (Akodon iniscatus). in Cricetidae
On following pages: 558. Arguedas''s Grass Mouse (Akodon josemariarguedasi); 559. Junin Grass Mouse (Akodon juninensis); 560. Puno Grass Mouse (Akodon subfuscus); 561. Cloud Forest Grass Mouse (Akodon torques); 562. Silent Grass Mouse (Akodon surdus); 563. Kotosh Grass Mouse (Akodon kotosh); 564. White-bellied Grass Mouse (Akodon albiventen; 565. Bolivian Grass Mouse (Akodon boliviensis); 566. Lindbergh's Grass Mouse (Akodon lindberghi); 567. Cursorial Grass Mouse (Akodon curson; 568. Montane Grass Mouse (Akodon montensis); 569. Altiplano Grass Mouse (Akodon lutescens); 570. Thespian Grass Mouse (Akodon mimus); 571. Koford's Grass Mouse (Akodon kofordl); 572. Smoky Grass Mouse (Akodon fumeus); 573. Day's Grass Mouse (Akodon dayi); 574. Cochabamba Grass Mouse (Akodon siberiae); 575. Unicolored Grass Mouse (Akodon caenosus); 576. Tarija Grass Mouse (Akodon pervalens), 577. Gray-bellied Grass Mouse (Akodon simulator); 578. Budin's Grass Mouse (Akodon budini); 579. Variable Grass Mouse (Akodon varius); 580. Caparao Grass Mouse (Akodon mystax); 581. Parana Grass Mouse (Akodon paranaensis); 582. Sao Paulo Grass Mouse (Akodon sanctipaulensis); 583. Forest Grass Mouse (Akodon sylvanus); 584. Spegazzini's Grass Mouse (Akodon spegazzinii); 585. Toba Grass Mouse (Akodon toba); 586. Azara's Grass Mouse (Akodon azarae); 587 Philip Myers's Grass Mouse (Akodon philipmyersi); 588. Reig's Grass Mouse (Akodon reigi); 589. Polop's Grass Mouse (Akodon polopi); 590. Dolores Grass Mouse (Akodon dolores); 591. Intelligent Grass Mouse (Akodon iniscatus).
Data from: Age and sex as compounding factors in the relationship between cardiac mitochondrial function and type 2 diabetes in the Nile Grass rat
[No abstract entered]
FIGURE. Drosera cayennensis (a–c): a, habit (Santa Elena de Uairén, Bolívar, Venezuela); b, rosette; c, flower (Parque Nacional dos Campos Amazônicos, RO). Drosera chimaera (d–f): d, rosette; e, rosette, side view; f, flower (Cristália, MG). Drosera chrysolepis (g–k): g, habitat, among grasses; h, habit; i, detail of the stem, showing the stipules and leaf bases; j, inflorescence apex (Serra do Cipó, MG); k, flower (Itacambira, MG). Photo credits: a by FR; b, c by Jairo de Souza Laurentino; d–k by PMG. in A synopsis of the genus Drosera (Droseraceae) in Brazil
FIGURE. Drosera cayennensis (a–c): a, habit (Santa Elena de Uairén, Bolívar, Venezuela); b, rosette; c, flower (Parque Nacional dos Campos Amazônicos, RO). Drosera chimaera (d–f): d, rosette; e, rosette, side view; f, flower (Cristália, MG). Drosera chrysolepis (g–k): g, habitat, among grasses; h, habit; i, detail of the stem, showing the stipules and leaf bases; j, inflorescence apex (Serra do Cipó, MG); k, flower (Itacambira, MG). Photo credits: a by FR; b, c by Jairo de Souza Laurentino; d–k by PMG.
Data from: Plant-litter-soil feedbacks in common grass species are slightly negative and only marginally modified by litter exposed to insect herbivory
<p>Purpose Insect herbivory affects plant growth, nutrient and secondary metabolite concentrations and litter quality. Changes to litter quality due to insect herbivory can alter decomposition, with knock on effects for plant growth mediated through the plantlitter- soil feedback pathway. </p> <p>Methods Using a multi-phase glasshouse experiment, we tested how changes in shoot and root litter quality of fast- and slow-growing grass caused by insect herbivores affect the performance of response plants in the soil in which the litter decomposed. </p> <p>Results We found that insect herbivory resulted in marginal changes to litter quality and did not affect growth when plants were grown with fast- versus slow-growing litter. Overall, presence of litter resulted in reduced root and shoot growth and this effect was significantly more negative in shoots versus roots. However, this effect was minimal, with a loss of c. 1.4% and 3.1% dry weight biomass in roots versus shoots, respectively. Further, shoot litter exposed to insect herbivory interacted with response plant identity to affect root growth.</p> <p>Conclusions Our results suggest that whether litter originates from plant tissues exposed to insect herbivory or not and its interaction with fast- versus slow-growing grasses is of little importance, but species-specific responses to herbivory-conditioned litter can occur. Taken collectively, the overall role of the plant-litter-soil feedbackpathway, as well as its interaction with insect herbivory, is unlikely to affect broader ecosystem processes in this system.</p>
On following pages: 350. Tanzanian White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura tansaniana); 351. Usambara White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura usambarae); 352. Kivu White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura kivuana); 353. Niobe's White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura niobe): 354. Desert White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura smithii); 355. Sahelian Tiny White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura pasha); 356. Roosevelt's White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura roosevelt); 357. Long-footed White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura crenata): 358. Grasse's White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura grassei); 359. Bicolored African White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura fuscomurina); 360. Flat-headed White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura planiceps); 361. Crosse's White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura crossei): 362. Jouvenet's White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura jouvenetae); 363. Mauritanian White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura lusitania); 364. Naked-tailed White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura littoralis): 365. Gracile White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura maurisca); 366. Reddish-gray White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura cyanea); 367. Swamp White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura mariquensis), 368. Lesser Gray-brown White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura silacea): 369. Dent's White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura denti); 370. Hildegarde's White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura hildegardeae); 371. Mamfe White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura virgata), 372. Bates's White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura batesi): 373. Sao Tome White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura thomensis); 374. Fingui White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura fingui); 375. Fraser's White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura poensis); 376. Nigerian White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura nigeriae); 377. Hun White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura attila); 378. Fox's White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura foxi); 379. Buttikofer's White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura buettikoferi); 380. Therese's White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura theresae); 381. Large-headed White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura grandiceps); 382. Wimmer's White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura wimmeri); 383. African Black White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura nigrofusca); 384. Savanna Dwarf White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura nanilla); 385. Nimba White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura nimbae). in Soricidae
On following pages: 350. Tanzanian White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura tansaniana); 351. Usambara White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura usambarae); 352. Kivu White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura kivuana); 353. Niobe's White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura niobe): 354. Desert White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura smithii); 355. Sahelian Tiny White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura pasha); 356. Roosevelt's White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura roosevelt); 357. Long-footed White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura crenata): 358. Grasse's White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura grassei); 359. Bicolored African White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura fuscomurina); 360. Flat-headed White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura planiceps); 361. Crosse's White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura crossei): 362. Jouvenet's White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura jouvenetae); 363. Mauritanian White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura lusitania); 364. Naked-tailed White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura littoralis): 365. Gracile White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura maurisca); 366. Reddish-gray White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura cyanea); 367. Swamp White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura mariquensis), 368. Lesser Gray-brown White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura silacea): 369. Dent's White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura denti); 370. Hildegarde's White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura hildegardeae); 371. Mamfe White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura virgata), 372. Bates's White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura batesi): 373. Sao Tome White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura thomensis); 374. Fingui White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura fingui); 375. Fraser's White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura poensis); 376. Nigerian White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura nigeriae); 377. Hun White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura attila); 378. Fox's White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura foxi); 379. Buttikofer's White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura buettikoferi); 380. Therese's White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura theresae); 381. Large-headed White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura grandiceps); 382. Wimmer's White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura wimmeri); 383. African Black White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura nigrofusca); 384. Savanna Dwarf White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura nanilla); 385. Nimba White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura nimbae).
On following pages: 473. Senegal Striped Grass Mouse (Lemniscomys linulus); 474. Mittendorf's Striped Grass Mouse (Lemniscomys mittendorfi); 475. Hoogstraal's Striped Grass Mouse (Lemniscomys hoogstraali), 476. Buffoon Striped Grass Mouse (Lemniscomys macculus); 477. Griselda Striped Grass Mouse (Lemniscomys griselda); 478. Single-striped Grass Mouse (Lemniscomys rosalia); 479. Rosevear's Striped Grass Mouse (Lemniscomys roseveari); 480. West African Rufous-nosed Rat (Oenomys ornatus); 481. Common Rufous-nosed Rat (Oenomys hypoxanthus); 482. East African Groove-toothed Swamp Rat (Pelomys fallax); 483. Hopkins's Groove-toothed Swamp Rat (Pelomys hopkinsi); 484. Lake Victoria Groove-toothed Swamp Rat (Pelomys isseli); 485. Angolan Groove-toothed Swamp Rat (Pelomys campanae); 486. Least Groove-toothed Swamp Rat (Pelomys minor); 487. Target Rat (Stochomys longicaudatus); 488. Kemp's Thicket Rat (Thamnomys kempi); 489. Hatt's Thicket Rat (Thamnomys majon; 490. Schouteden's Thicket Rat (Thamnomys schoutedeni); 491. Thomas's Thicket Rat (Thamnomys venustus); 492. Namaqua Rock Rat (Micaelamys namaquensis); 493. Grant's Rock Rat (Micaelamys granti); 494. Mesic Four-striped Grass Rat (Rhabdomys dilectus); 495. West-Central South African Fourstriped Grass Rat (Rhabdomys bechuanae); 496. KwaZulu Natal Four-striped Grass Rat (Rhabdomys chakae); 497. Karoo Four-striped Grass Rat (Rhabdomys intermedius); 498. Xeric Four-striped Grass Rat (Rhabdomys pumilio), 499. Loring's Thallomys (Thallomys loringi); 500. Black-tailed Thallomys (Thallomys nigricauda); 501. Sundevall's Thallomys (Thallomys paedulcus); 502. Shortridge's Thallomys (Thallomys shortridgei). in Muridae
On following pages: 473. Senegal Striped Grass Mouse (Lemniscomys linulus); 474. Mittendorf's Striped Grass Mouse (Lemniscomys mittendorfi); 475. Hoogstraal's Striped Grass Mouse (Lemniscomys hoogstraali), 476. Buffoon Striped Grass Mouse (Lemniscomys macculus); 477. Griselda Striped Grass Mouse (Lemniscomys griselda); 478. Single-striped Grass Mouse (Lemniscomys rosalia); 479. Rosevear's Striped Grass Mouse (Lemniscomys roseveari); 480. West African Rufous-nosed Rat (Oenomys ornatus); 481. Common Rufous-nosed Rat (Oenomys hypoxanthus); 482. East African Groove-toothed Swamp Rat (Pelomys fallax); 483. Hopkins's Groove-toothed Swamp Rat (Pelomys hopkinsi); 484. Lake Victoria Groove-toothed Swamp Rat (Pelomys isseli); 485. Angolan Groove-toothed Swamp Rat (Pelomys campanae); 486. Least Groove-toothed Swamp Rat (Pelomys minor); 487. Target Rat (Stochomys longicaudatus); 488. Kemp's Thicket Rat (Thamnomys kempi); 489. Hatt's Thicket Rat (Thamnomys majon; 490. Schouteden's Thicket Rat (Thamnomys schoutedeni); 491. Thomas's Thicket Rat (Thamnomys venustus); 492. Namaqua Rock Rat (Micaelamys namaquensis); 493. Grant's Rock Rat (Micaelamys granti); 494. Mesic Four-striped Grass Rat (Rhabdomys dilectus); 495. West-Central South African Fourstriped Grass Rat (Rhabdomys bechuanae); 496. KwaZulu Natal Four-striped Grass Rat (Rhabdomys chakae); 497. Karoo Four-striped Grass Rat (Rhabdomys intermedius); 498. Xeric Four-striped Grass Rat (Rhabdomys pumilio), 499. Loring's Thallomys (Thallomys loringi); 500. Black-tailed Thallomys (Thallomys nigricauda); 501. Sundevall's Thallomys (Thallomys paedulcus); 502. Shortridge's Thallomys (Thallomys shortridgei).
Distribution. On basis of chromosomally determined specimens, Nairobi Grass Rat occurs in narrow band from C & W Kenya to N Tanzania; it may be present also in S Ethiopia. in Muridae
Distribution. On basis of chromosomally determined specimens, Nairobi Grass Rat occurs in narrow band from C & W Kenya to N Tanzania; it may be present also in S Ethiopia.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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