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FIGURE 2 in A new species of Lepidotrigla from the South China Sea off Vietnam (Teleostei: Scorpaeniformes: Triglidae)
FIGURE 2. Lepidotrigla firmisquamis sp. nov., holotype, 114 mm SL: (A) lateral view; (B) radiograph.
FIGURE 6 in A new species of Lepidotrigla from the South China Sea off Vietnam (Teleostei: Scorpaeniformes: Triglidae)
FIGURE 6. Supraorbital margin in Lepidotrigla firmisquamis sp. nov. (holotype) (A) and L. marisinensis (113 mm SL, Phan Thiet Bay) (B). Scale bar: 2.5 mm.
FIGURE 3 in A new species of Lepidotrigla from the South China Sea off Vietnam (Teleostei: Scorpaeniformes: Triglidae)
FIGURE 3. Lepidotrigla firmisquamis sp. nov., holotype, spines and ridges of head: (A) dorsal view; (B) lateral view. Abbreviations: (cl) cleithral spine, (op) opercular spine, (pa) parietal crest, (pop) cheek ridge, (pro) preocular spines, (ps) preopercular spine, (ptg) postorbital groove, (pto) postocular spine, (ptt) posttemporal spine, (rpr) rostral process, (sp) sphenotic crest. Scale bar: 10 mm.
FIGURE 1 in A new species of Lepidotrigla from the South China Sea off Vietnam (Teleostei: Scorpaeniformes: Triglidae)
FIGURE 1. Types of rostral processes in Lepidotrigla (schematized): (A) long triangle; (B) short triangle; (C) conical; (D) rounded. Not in scale.
Microbial structures in the surface sediments of Shenhu Area, South China Sea-Appendix A. Supporting information
<p>Microbial structures in the surface sediments of Shenhu Area, South China Sea-Appendix A. Supporting information</p>
FIGURE 4 in An integrative description of a new Cephalothrix species (Nemertea: Palaeonemertea) from the South China Sea
FIGURE 4. Bayesian inference multi-locus cladogram of nemerteans. Numbers near the branches are the nodal support values (ML bootstrap value/Bayesian posterior probability). Solid circles indicate nodal support of 100/1.0.
FIGURE 3 in An integrative description of a new Cephalothrix species (Nemertea: Palaeonemertea) from the South China Sea
FIGURE 3 Cephalothrix suni sp. nov. (A-H) transverse histological sections of the holotype: precerebral region (arrows indicate four precerebral nerves) (A); cerebral region (arrow indicates rhynchocoel vessel) (B); postcerebral region (arrow indicates median ventral nerve) (C); preoral region (arrows indicate bifurcation of the median ventral nerve) (D); mouth region (arrows indicate two buccal nerves) (E); anterior foregut region (arrows indicate two buccal nerves) (F); anterior foregut region (arrows indicate joining of the buccal nerves) (F); middle foregut region (H). (I) thick transverse section in glycerol. Abbreviations: br, brain; cv, cephalic vessel; fg, foregut; ln, lateral nerve cord; lv, lateral vessel; m, mouth; pr, proboscis; rd, rhynchodaeum. Scale bars: 50 µm.
FIGURE 2 in An integrative description of a new Cephalothrix species (Nemertea: Palaeonemertea) from the South China Sea
FIGURE 2. Cephalothrix suni sp. nov., cLSM micrographs of the body and proboscis labelled with phalloidin: substack of transverse sections through the anterior foregut region (A, B, E), arrows indicate the inner part of the split OCM (B); substack of transverse sections through the posterior foregut region (C); substack of longitudinal sections through the body-wall musculature with crisscrossed DM in the foregut region (D); substack of transverse sections through the anterior foregut region (arrow indicate dorsal muscle cross) (F); substack of longitudinal sections through the proboscis musculature (arrows indicate DM) (G); substack of longitudinal sections through the proboscis epithelium with larger (arrows) and smaller (arrowheads) pseudocnidae (H); substack of longitudinal sections through the proboscis epithelium with long (arrowheads) and shorter (arrows) collars of sensory cells (I). Abbreviations: dm, diagonal musculature; dn, dorsal nerve; fg, foregut; icm, inner circular musculature; lm, longitudinal musculature; ln, lateral nerve cord; lp, longitudinal muscle plate; lv, lateral blood vessel; ocm, outer circular musculature; olm, outer part of LM; pr, proboscis; rh, rhynchocoel; vm, musculature of blood vessel. Scale bars: A, C – 100 µm; B, D–F – 50 µm; G, I – 20 µm; H – 10 µm.
FIGURE 1 in An integrative description of a new Cephalothrix species (Nemertea: Palaeonemertea) from the South China Sea
FIGURE 1. Cephalothrix suni sp. nov. (A) holotype: ventral view. (B) paratype: ventral view of the anterior body. Scale bars: (A), 2 mm; (B), 1 mm.
Model outputs in the northern shelf of the South China Sea
<p>The data used in the figure of manuscript are available in Figure.rar file. The 201706XX_Chla_budget_2.mat files are the model outputs of the chlorophyll budget terms after process. </p>
Data from: A new Griesbachian-Dienerian (Induan, Early Triassic) ammonoid fauna from Gujiao, South China
Bed-by-bed sampling of the lower portion of the Daye Formation at Gujiao, Guizhou Province, South China, yielded new Griesbachian–Dienerian (Induan, Early Triassic) ammonoid faunas showing a new regional Induan ammonoid succession. This biostratigraphic scheme includes in chronological order the late Griesbachian Ophiceras medium and Jieshaniceras guizhouense beds, and the middle Dienerian Ambites radiatus bed. The latter is recognized for the first time as a separate biozone in South China. Eight genera and 13 species are identified, including one new species, Mullericeras gujiaoense n. sp. The new data show that a relatively high level of ammonoid taxonomic richness occurred rather rapidly after the Permian/Triassic mass extinction in the late Griesbachian, echoing similar observations in other basins, such as in the Northern Indian Margin.
Data from: A Changhsingian (late Permian) nautiloid assemblage from Gujiao, South China.
A c. 0.30 m thick cherty limestone bed in the Dalong Formation at Gujiao (Guizhou) yielded a highly diverse Changhsingian nautiloid assemblage. Its age is late Changhsingian, indicated by the co-occurring ammonoid Pseudotirolites sp. This assemblage is composed of nine species and five taxa in open nomenclature in nine genera, including one new genus and three new species: Neotainoceras zhaoi sp. nov., Nodopleuroceras gujiaoense sp. nov. and Gujiaonautilus longliensis gen. nov., sp. nov. Sholakoceras is for the first time recorded in South China. Compared with literature data from 52 sites in various regions worldwide, the material described here presents the most diverse Changhsingian nautiloid assemblage. Among the genera of the Gujiao assemblage, Pleuronautilus, Tainoceras and Liroceras are cosmopolitan, while the others are more endemic or genera known so far only from South China .
Data from: Complex longitudinal diversification across South China and Vietnam in Stejneger's pit viper, Viridovipera stejnegeri (Schmidt, 1925) (Reptilia: Serpentes: Viperidae)
Viridovipera stejnegeri is one of the most common pit vipers in Asia, with a wide distribution in southern China and Vietnam. We investigated historical demography and explored how the environment and climatic factors have shaped genetic diversity and the evolutionary history of this venomous snake. A total of 171 samples from 47 localities were sequenced and analysed for two mitochondrial gene fragments and three nuclear genes. Gene trees reveal the existence of two well-supported clades (Southwest China and Southeast China) with seven distinct and strongly supported, geographically structured subclades within V. stejnegeri. Estimation of divergence time and ancestral area suggests that V. stejnegeri originated at ~6.0 Ma in the late Miocene on the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau. The estimated date of origin and divergence of the island populations of Taiwan and Hainan closely matches the geological origin of the both islands. The mtDNA gene tree reveals the presence of west–east diversification in V. stejnegeri populations. Complex orogenesis and heterogeneous habitats, as well as climate-mediated habitat differentiation including glacial cycles, all have influenced population structure and the distribution of this taxon. The validity of V. stejnegeri chenbihuii is questionable, and this subspecies most probably represents an invalid taxon.
Data from: Ecology, biofacies, biogeography and systematics of micromorphic lingulate brachiopods from the Ordovician (Darriwilian–Sandbian) of south-central China
Ordovician (Darriwilian to Sandbian) micromorphic linguliform lingulate brachiopods are described from the Guniutan Formation at the Fenxiang section in Hubei province, and the Maocaopu and Cili sections in Hunan province of south-central China, situated on the Yangtze Platform. A total of 7560 specimens from 155 limestone samples (within the interval of Lenodus variabilis – Pygodus anserinus biozones) are assigned to 22 species, representing a low taxonomic diversity and low abundance fauna. The fauna is dominated by the Acrotretoidea, mainly species of the Torynelasmatidae, with Torynelasma the most abundant (more than 40% of total number of specimens), along with the Eoconulidae and Eoconulus (18% of total) representing the second most common forms. Species of the Ephippelasmatidae are also common (16% of total) diverse, and include representatives of Myotreta and Numericoma, as well as Ephippelasma, whereas species of the Scaphelasmatidae are somewhat less common (13% of total). All three investigated sections represent outer shelf environments, but the Maocaopu section is situated in a relatively deeper position, in proximity of the south-eastern outer margin of the Upper Yangtze Platform, close to its boundary with the Jiangnan Slope. A quantitative analysis of the relative abundance data was carried out in order to investigate the biofacies distribution of the micromorphic brachiopod communities across the Yangtze Platform, something that has not been attempted before with Palaeozoic linguliforms. Six lingulate microbrachiopod communities could be recognized in the sections. The major biofacies shift, which occurred in the Cili section in the upper part of the Microzarkodina ozarkodella Zone, at the time of the onset and initial rise of the Mid Darriwilian Carbon Isotope Excursion (MDICE) suggests that these biofacies may have been depth controlled.
Data from: Morphometrics and paleoecology of Catenipora (Tabulata) from the Xiazhen Formation (Upper Ordovician), Zhuzhai, South China
Catenipora is one of the most common tabulate coral genera occurring in various lithofacies in the Upper Ordovician Xiazhen Formation at Zhuzhai in South China. A combination of traditional multivariate analysis and geometric morphometrics is applied to a large number of specimens to distinguish and identify species. Based on three major principal components extracted from 11 morphological characters, three major groups as determined by the cluster-analysis dendrogram are considered to be morphospecies. Their validity and distinctiveness are confirmed by discriminant analysis, descriptive statistics, and bivariate plots. Tabularium area and common wall thickness are the most meaningful characters to distinguish the three morphospecies. Geometric morphometrics is adopted to compare the morphospecies with types and/or figured specimens of species previously reported from the vicinity of Zhuzhai. Despite discrepancies in corallite size, principal component analysis and discriminant analysis, as well as consideration of overall morphological characteristics, indicate that the morphospecies represent C. zhejiangensis Yu in Yu et al., 1963, C. shiyangensis Lin and Chow, 1977, and C. dianbiancunensis Lin and Chow, 1977. Catenipora occurs in seven stratigraphic intervals in the Xiazhen Formation at Zhuzhai, representing a variety of heterogeneous environments. The coralla preservation is variable due to differential compaction; coralla preserved in limestones are commonly intact and in growth position, whereas those in shales are mostly crushed or fragmentary. The size and shape of corallites are considered primarily to be species-specific characters, but are also related to the depositional environments. In all species, morphological characters, including corallite size, septal development, and shape and size of lacunae, show high variability in accordance with lithofacies and stratigraphic position. The intraspecific differences in corallite size at various localities in the Zhuzhai area may indicate responses to local environmental factors, but may also reflect genetic differences if there was limited connection among populations.
Data from: New armoured scalidophorans (Ecdysozoa, Cycloneuralia) from the Cambrian Fortunian Zhangjiagou Lagerstätte, South China
Although molecular studies estimated that cycloneuralians might have originated in the Ediacaran Period and diversified in the early Cambrian, it was not until 2014 that they were first reported from the Cambrian Fortunian Stage. To date only two species and five indeterminate forms have been described. Here, we report new three‐dimensionally phosphatized microfossils of cycloneuralians from the Fortunian Zhangjiagou Lagerstätte, South China. Two new genera and species, Qinscolex spinosus gen. et sp. nov. and Shanscolex decorus gen. et sp. nov., and Indeterminate Forms 1–7 are described and tentatively assigned to total‐group Scalidophora, greatly increasing the diversity of the Fortunian cycloneuralians. These Fortunian cycloneuralians have diverse cuticular spines, plates, and spinose sclerites of various sizes on the trunk, thus assignment of co‐occurring fragmented trunk parts or disassociated spines or sclerites to a specific species is currently impossible. Some of the Fortunian cycloneuralians might have reached a centimetre in length; they may have been temporary meiobenthos in their juvenile or younger adult stages, only joining the macrobenthos when they reached macroscopic dimensions. It is proposed that an introvert with hexaradially symmetric and internally hollow scalids might be the plesiomorphic state for cycloneuralians.
Data from: Early and Middle Triassic trends in diversity, evenness, and size of foraminifers on a carbonate platform in south China: Implications for tempo and mode of biotic recovery from the end-Permian mass extinction
Delayed biotic recovery from the end-Permian mass extinction has long been interpreted to result from environmental inhibition. Recently, evidence of more rapid recovery has begun to emerge, suggesting the role of environmental inhibition was previously overestimated. However, there have been few high-resolution taxonomic and ecological studies spanning the full Early and Middle Triassic recovery interval, leaving the precise pattern of recovery and underlying mechanisms poorly constrained. In this study, we document Early and Middle Triassic trends in taxonomic diversity, assemblage evenness, and size distribution of benthic foraminifers on an exceptionally-exposed carbonate platform in south China. We observe gradual increases in all metrics through Early Triassic and earliest Middle Triassic time, with stable values reached early in the Anisian. There is little support in our dataset for a substantial Early Triassic lag interval during the recovery of foraminifers or for a step-wise recovery pattern. The recovery pattern of foraminifers on the GBG corresponds well with available global data for this taxon and appears to parallel that of many benthic invertebrate clades. Early Triassic diversity increase in foraminifers was more gradual than in ammonoinds and conodonts. However, foraminifers continued to increase in diversity, size, and evenness into Middle Triassic time, whereas diversity of ammonoids and conodonts declined. These contrasts suggest decoupling of recovery between benthic and pelagic environments; it is unclear whether these discrepancies reflect inherent contrasts in their evolutionary dynamics or the differential impact of Early Triassic ocean anoxia or associated environmental parameters on benthic ecosystems.
Data from: Early Triassic benthic invertebrates from the Great Bank of Guizhou, South China: systematic palaeontology and palaeobiology
To further our understanding on the evolution, selectivity, and ecological composition of marine communities following the latest Permian mass extinction, new collections from underrepresented regions in the immediate extinction aftermath are required. Here, we provide new systematic data and the first palaeobiological account of the benthic invertebrate community from the Great Bank of Guizhou, South China. We systematically describe 3 brachiopod species, 26 bivalve species, 11 gastropod species, 1 microconchid, and 1 crinoid species. The descriptions include five new species; two bivalve species (Hoernesia? danisae, Atomodesma? hautmanni) and three gastropod species (Donaldina erwini, Cossmannina alfischeri, and Vernelia samae). This is the most species-rich benthic community known so far from the extinction aftermath, which is typically characterised by a high proportion of Permian holdover genera and cosmopolitan taxa. Taxonomically, this community is different from coeval faunas with dissimilarity values > 60%. Ecologically, however, this fauna is similar to faunas from the Dolomites (Italy), and East Greenland. This new data, therefore, suggests that the lower Griesbachian invertebrate faunas were taxonomically heterogeneous, whereas ecologically they were relatively homogenous. The marine community on the Great Bank of Guizhou records genera that survived the mass extinction event with some, but not all, recording a size reduction, i.e., the Lilliput effect. The absence of large body fossils and the preferential survival of small species suggest that the mass extinction event was size-selective.
FIGURES 1–6 in The first troglomorphic species of the millipede genus Paracortina Wang & Zhang, 1993 from south Yunnan, China (Diplopoda: Callipodida: Paracortinidae)
FIGURES 1–6. Paracortina wangi sp. n.: 1—Head and anterior pleurotergites, lateral view; 2— head and collum, lateral view; 3—crosssection of a middle pleurotergite, posterior view; 4—one of the middle legs, posterior view; 5— telson, ventrocaudal view; 6—male 7th leg, posterior view. Abbreviations, see text.
FIGURES 7–11 in The first troglomorphic species of the millipede genus Paracortina Wang & Zhang, 1993 from south Yunnan, China (Diplopoda: Callipodida: Paracortinidae)
FIGURES 7–11. Paracortina wangi sp. n.: 7 – male gonopod, anterior view; 8 – same, mesal view; 9 – same, lateral view; 10 – same, posterior view; 11 – female cyphopods and second leg pair, anterior view. Abbreviations, see text.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.