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The Efficacy and Safety of Liraglutide Compared to Sitagliptin, Both in Combination With Metformin in Chinese Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02008682. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Retrospective cohort study of a community-based primary care program's effects on pharmacotherapy quality in low-income Peruvians with type 2 diabetes and hypertension
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Blood glucose modulation and safety of efferent vagus nerve stimulation in a type 2 diabetic rat model
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Data from: Genome-wide association analysis of type 2 diabetes in the EPIC-InterAct study
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Pain in patients with Type 2 diabetes-related polyneuropathy is associated with vascular events and mortality
<p>Type 2 diabetes–related polyneuropathy (DPN) is associated with increased vascular events and mortality, but determinants and outcomes of pain in DPN are poorly understood. We sought to examine the effect of neuropathic pain on vascular events and mortality in patients without DPN, DPN with pain (DPN + P), and DPN without pain (DPN-P). A retrospective cohort study was conducted within a large health system of adult patients with type 2 diabetes from January 1, 2009 through December 31, 2016. Using an electronic algorithm, patients were classified as no DPN, DPN + P, or DPN-P. Primary outcomes included number of vascular events and time to mortality. Independent associations with DPN + P were evaluated using multivariable negative binomial and Cox proportional hazards regression models, adjusting for demographics, socioeconomic characteristics, and comorbidities. Of 43 945 patients with type 2 diabetes (age 64.6 ± 14.0 years; 52.1% female), 13 910 (31.7%) had DPN: 9104 DPN + P (65.4%) vs 4806 DPN-P (34.6%). Vascular events occurred in 4538 (15.1%) of no DPN patients, 2401 (26.4%) DPN + P, and 1006 (20.9%) DPN-P. After adjustment, DPN + P remained a significant predictor of number of vascular events (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.55, 95% CI, 1.29-1.85), whereas no DPN was protective (IRR = 0.70, 95% CI, 0.60-0.82), as compared to DPN-P. Compared to DPN-P, DPN + P was also a significant predictor of mortality (hazard ratio = 1.42, 95% CI, 1.25-1.61). Our study found a significant association between pain in DPN and an increased risk of vascular events and mortality. This observation warrants longitudinal study of the risk factors and natural history of pain in DPN.</p> <p> </p>
The finalized diagram of the patient journeys in type 2 diabetes treatments
<p>This finalized diagram of the patient journeys was derived through Co-evaluation Activity 1.</p>
Dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide improves beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes
<p><span><b>Context:</b> Novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist (RA) tirzepatide demonstrated substantially greater glucose control and weight loss (WL) compared with selective GLP-1RA dulaglutide.</span></p> <p><span><b>Objective:</b> Explore mechanisms of glucose control by tirzepatide. </span></p> <p><span><b>Design:</b> <i>Post-hoc</i> analyses of fasting biomarkers and multiple linear regression analysis.</span></p> <p><span><b>Setting:</b> 47 sites in 4 countries.</span></p> <p><span><b>Patients or Other Participants:</b> 316 subjects with Type 2 diabetes.</span></p> <p><span><b>Interventions:</b> Tirzepatide (1, 5, 10, 15 mg), dulaglutide (1.5 mg), placebo. </span></p> <p><span><b>Main Outcome Measures:</b> Analyze biomarkers of beta-cell function and insulin resistance (IR) and evaluate WL contributions to IR improvements at 26 weeks. </span></p> <p><span><b>Results:</b> HOMA2-B significantly increased with dulaglutide and tirzepatide 5, 10, and 15 mg compared with placebo (p<u><</u>0.02). Proinsulin/insulin and proinsulin/C-peptide ratios significantly decreased with tirzepatide 10 and 15 mg compared with placebo and dulaglutide (p<u><</u>0.007). Tirzepatide 10 and 15 mg significantly decreased fasting insulin (p<u><</u>0.033) and tirzepatide 10 mg significantly decreased HOMA2-IR (p=0.004) compared with placebo and dulaglutide. Markers of improved insulin sensitivity (IS) adiponectin, IGFBP-1, and IGFBP-2 significantly increased by one or more doses of tirzepatide (p<0.05). To determine whether improvements in IR were directly attributable to WL, multiple linear regression analysis with potential confounding variables age, sex, metformin, triglycerides, and HbA1c was conducted. WL significantly (p<u><</u>0.028) explained only 13% and 21% of improvement in HOMA2-IR with tirzepatide 10 and 15 mg, respectively. </span></p> <p><span><b>Conclusions:</b> Tirzepatide improved markers of IS and beta-cell function to a greater extent than dulaglutide. IS effects of tirzepatide were only partly attributable to WL, suggesting dual receptor agonism confers distinct mechanisms of glycemic control.</span></p>
Data from: DNA methylation changes associated with type 2 diabetes and diabetic kidney disease in an East Asian population
<p><b>Objective:</b> There is growing body of evidence that epigenetic changes including DNA methylation influence the risk of type 2 diabetes and its microvascular complications. We conducted a methylome-wide association study (MWAS) to identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of type 2 diabetes and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in Korean population.</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> We performed an initial MWAS in 232 participants in a case-control study design with type 2 diabetes and 197 non-diabetic controls with Illumina EPIC bead chip using peripheral blood leukocytes. Type 2 diabetes group was subdivided to 87 DKD cases and 80 non-DKD controls. Additional 819 individuals from two population-based cohorts were used to investigate the association of the identified DMRs with quantitative metabolic traits. We developed a DNA methylation score using identified DMRs to predict the occurrence of type 2 diabetes. To examine the causal relationship between the metabolic traits and differentially methylated status, we performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> We identified eight DMRs (each at <i>BMP8A</i>, <i>NBPF20, STX18, ZNF365, CPT1A,</i> and <i>TRIM37</i>, and two at <i>TXNIP</i>) which were significantly associated with risk of type 2 diabetes (P < 9.0×10<sup>-8</sup>), including three that were previously known (DMRs in <i>TXNIP</i> and<i> CPT1A</i>), in 429 type 2 diabetes cases and controls. DNA methylation score consisted of these DMRs differentiated the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in an independent prospective cohort with a relative risk of 2.44 (95% confidence interval 1.39–4.28) between the lowest and highest deciles of DNA methylation score. DMRs in <i>CPT1A</i> and <i>TXNIP</i> were associated with quantitative metabolic traits, including fasting glucose, HbA1c, and body mass index. We also identified three DMRs (on <i>COMMD1</i>, <i>TMOD1</i>, and <i>FHOD1</i>) associated with DKD in 167 DKD cases and controls. The DMRs of DKD did not show meaningful overlap with those of type 2 diabetes. In MR analysis, the estimated glomerular filtration rate was causally associated with DNA methylation of these three DMRs.</p> <p><b>Conclusions</b>: In an East Asian population, we identified eight DMRs, including five novel ones, associated with type 2 diabetes and three DMRs associated with DKD at methylome-wide statistical significance. Our findings suggest that epigenetics of DKD may share little with those responsible for the development of type 2 diabetes.</p>
Efficacy and safety of semaglutide for type 2 diabetes by race and ethnicity: a post hoc analysis of the SUSTAIN trials
<p class="CxSpFirst"><b>Context:</b> Variations in the prevalence and aetiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D) across race and ethnicity may affect treatment responses. Semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog approved for once–weekly, subcutaneous (s.c.) treatment of T2D.</p> <p class="CxSpFirst"><b>Objective:</b> To compare semaglutide efficacy and safety in race and ethnicity subgroups across the SUSTAIN trials.</p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><b>Design:</b> <i>Post hoc </i>analysis of data from phase 3 randomized SUSTAIN 1–5 and 7 (pooled) and SUSTAIN 6 trials.</p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><b>Participants:</b> 3,074 subjects (SUSTAIN 1–5 and 7); 1,648 subjects (SUSTAIN 6).</p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><b>Interventions:</b> Semaglutide 0.5 or 1.0 mg, placebo or active comparator (sitagliptin 100 mg, exenatide extended release 2.0 mg, insulin glargine 100IU/ml and dulaglutide 0.75 or 1.5 mg).</p> <p class="CxSpFirst"><b>Main Outcome Measures:</b> Change in HbA<sub>1c</sub> and body weight from baseline to week 30/40/104, other efficacy and safety endpoints.</p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><b>Results:</b> HbA<sub>1c</sub> was reduced from baseline by 1.0–1.5%-points and 1.3–2.0%-points, and body weight by 2.3–4.7 kg and 3.6–6.1 kg with semaglutide 0.5 and 1.0 mg, respectively, across race and ethnicity subgroups. Minor changes in blood pressure and lipid profiles were observed. Adverse events (AEs) were reported in similar proportions of subjects across trials. More Asian vs other race subgroups discontinued treatment prematurely due to AEs. The most commonly reported AEs were gastrointestinal disorders.</p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><b>Conclusion(s):</b> In this SUSTAIN trials <i>post hoc</i> analysis, semaglutide was associated with consistent and clinically relevant reductions in HbA<sub>1c</sub> and body weight in subjects with T2D, with minor variations in efficacy and safety outcomes associated with race or ethnicity.</p>
Data from: Effect of ecological momentary assessment, goal-setting and personalized phone-calls on adherence to interval walking training using the InterWalk application among patients with type 2 diabetes – a pilot randomized controlled trial
Objectives: The objective was to investigate the feasibility and usability of structured text-messages, goal-setting and phone-calls on adherence to a 12-week self-conducted interval walking training (IWT) program, delivered by the InterWalk smartphone among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: In a two-arm pilot randomized controlled trial (Denmark, March 2014 to February 2015), patients with T2D (18-80 years with a Body Mass Index of 18 and 40 kg/m2) were randomly allocated to 12 weeks of IWT with (intervention) or without additional support (control). The primary outcome was the difference between groups in accumulated time of interval walking training across 12 weeks. All patients were encouraged to use the InterWalk application to perform IWT for ≥90 minute/week. Patients in the intervention group made individual goals regarding lifestyle change, received automated text-messages once a week, inquiring about exercise adherence. In case of consistent non-adherence, the patients would receive a phone-call inquiring about the reason for non-adherence. The control group did not receive additional support. Information about training adherence was assessed objectively. Usability of structured text-messages was assessed based on response rates and self-reported satisfaction after 12-weeks. Results: Thirty-seven patients with T2D (66 years, 65% female, hemoglobin 1Ac 50.3 mmol/mol) where included (n=18 and n=19 in intervention and control group, respectively). The retention rate was 83%. The intervention group accumulated [95%CI] 345 -7, 698 minutes of IWT more than the control group. The response rate for the text-messages was 83% (68% for males and 90% for females). Forty-one percent of the intervention and 25% of the control group were very satisfied with their participation. Conclusion: The combination of structured text-messages, goal-setting with the possibility of follow-up phone calls are considered feasible interventions to attain training adherence when using the InterWalk app during a 12-week period in patients with T2D. Some uncertainty about the effect size of adherence remains.
Data from: The effect of meal frequency in a reduced-energy regimen on the gastrointestinal and appetite hormones in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised crossover study
Background: Appetite and gastrointestinal hormones (GIHs) participate in energy homeostasis, feeding behavior and regulation of body weight. We demonstrated previously the superior effect of a hypocaloric diet regimen with lower meal frequency (B2) on body weight, hepatic fat content, insulin sensitivity and feelings of hunger compared to the same diet divided into six smaller meals a day (A6).Studies with isoenergetic diet regimens indicate that lower meal frequency should also have an effect on fasting and postprandial responses of GIHs.The aim of this secondary analysis was to explore the effect of two hypocaloric diet regimens on fasting levels of appetite and GIHs and on their postprandial responses after a standard meal. It was hypothesized that lower meal frequency in a reduced-energy regimen leading to greater body weight reduction and reduced hunger would be associated with decreased plasma concentrations of GIHs: gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1), peptide YY(PYY), pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and leptin and increased plasma concentration of ghrelin. The postprandial response of satiety hormones (GLP-1, PYY and PP) and postprandial suppression of ghrelin will be improved. Methods: In a randomized crossover study, 54 patients suffering from type 2 diabetes (T2D) underwent both regimens.The concentrations of GLP-1, GIP, PP, PYY, amylin, leptin and ghrelin were determined using multiplex immunoanalyses. Results: Fasting leptin and GIP decreased in response to both regimens with no difference between the treatments (p=0.37 and p=0.83, respectively). Fasting ghrelin decreased in A6 and increased in B2 (with difference between regimens p=0.023). Fasting PP increased in B2with no significant difference between regimens (p=0.17). Neither GLP-1 nor PYY did change in either regimen. The decrease in body weight correlated negatively with changes in fasting ghrelin (r=-0.4, p<0.043) and the postprandial reduction of ghrelin correlated positively with its fasting level (r=0.9, p<0.001). The postprandial responses of GIHs and appetite hormones were similar after both diet regimens. Conclusions: Both hypocaloric diet regimens reduced fasting leptin and GIP and postprandial response of GIP comparably. The postprandial responses of GIHs and appetite hormones were similar after both diet regimens. Eating only breakfast and lunch increased fasting plasma ghrelin more than the same caloric restriction split into six meals. The changes in fasting ghrelin correlated negatively with the decrease in body weight. These results suggest that for type 2 diabetic patients on a hypocaloric diet, eating larger breakfast and lunch may be more efficient than six smaller meals during the day.
Linking socioeconomic inequalities and type 2 diabetes through obesity and lifestyle factors among Mexican adults: a structural equations modeling approach
<p><strong>Objective. </strong>To assess the association between type 2 diabetes (DM2) and socioeconomic inequalities, mediated by the contribution of body mass index (BMI), physical activity (PA), and diet (diet-DII). <strong>Materials and methods</strong>. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data of adults participating in the Diabetes Mellitus Survey of Mexico City. Socioeconomic and demographic characteristics as well as height and weight, dietary intake, leisure time activity and the presence of DM2 were measured. We fitted a structural equation model (SEM) with DM2 as the main outcome, and BMI, diet-DII and PA served as mediator variables between socioeconomic inequalities index (SII) and DM2. <strong>Results. </strong>The prevalence of DM2 was 13.6%. From the fitted SEM, each standard deviation increases in the SII was associated with increased scores of DM2 (β=0.174, <em>P</em><0.001). <strong>Conclusion. </strong>The results in the present study show how high scores in the index of SII may influence the presence of DM2.</p>
Data from: How self-stigma affects patient activation in persons with type 2 diabetes
<p><span><span><span><b><span>Objectives</span></b></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span>Self-stigma is associated with lower patient activation levels for self-care in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the causal pathway linking self-stigma with patient activation for self-care has not been shown. In order to determine how self-stigma affects patient activation for self-care, we tested a two-path hypothetical model both directly and as mediated by self-esteem and self-efficacy.</span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><b><span>Design</span></b></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span>A cross-sectional study</span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><b><span>Setting</span></b></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span>2 university hospitals, 1 general hospital, and 1 clinic in Japan</span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><b><span>Participants</span></b></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span>T2DM outpatients receiving treatment (n = 209) completed a self-administered questionnaire comprising the Self-Stigma Scale, Patient Activation Measure, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire, hemoglobin A1c test, age, sex, and BMI.</span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><b><span>Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures</span></b></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span>Self-stigma levels were measured by using the Self-Stigma Scale. Patient activation levels were measured by the Patient Activation Measure.</span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><b><span>Results</span></b></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span>Path analysis showed a strong relationship between self-stigma and patient activation (χ<sup>2 </sup>= 27.55, <i>p</i> = 0.120; GFI = 0.97; AGFI = 0.94; CFI = 0.98; RMSEA = 0.04). Self-stigma had a direct effect on patient activation (β = −0.20; <i>p</i> = 0.002). Indirectly, self-stigma affected patient activation along two paths (β = 0.31; <i>p</i> < 0.001) by reducing self-esteem (β = −0.22; p < 0.001) and self-efficacy (β = −0.36; p < 0.001).</span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><b><span>Conclusions</span></b></span></span></span></p> <p><span>Due to the cross-sectional design of the study, longitudinal changes between all the variables cannot be established. However, the findings indicate that self-stigma affected patient activation for self-care, both directly and as mediated by self-esteem and self-efficacy. Interventions that increase self-esteem and self-efficacy may decrease self-stigma in T2DM patients, thus increasing patient activation for self-care.</span></p>
Data from: Impact on offspring methylation patterns of maternal gestational diabetes mellitus and intrauterine growth restraint suggest common genes and pathways linked to subsequent type 2 diabetes risk
Size at birth, postnatal weight gain, and adult risk for type 2 diabetes may reflect environmental exposures during developmental plasticity and may be mediated by epigenetics. Both low birth weight (BW), as a marker of fetal growth restraint, and high birth weight (BW), especially after gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), have been linked to increased risk of adult type 2 diabetes. We assessed DNA methylation patterns using a bead chip in cord blood samples from infants of mothers with GDM (group 1) and infants with prenatal growth restraint indicated by rapid postnatal catch-up growth (group 2), compared with infants with normal postnatal growth (group 3). Seventy-five CpG loci were differentially methylated in groups 1 and 2 compared with the controls (group 3), representing 72 genes, many relevant to growth and diabetes. In replication studies using similar methodology, many of these differentially methylated regions were associated with levels of maternal glucose exposure below that defined by GDM [the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study] or were identified as changes observed after randomized periconceptional nutritional supplementation in a Gambian cohort characterized by maternal deprivation. These studies provide support for the concept that similar epigenetic modifications may underpin different prenatal exposures and potentially increase long-term risk for diseases such as type 2 diabetes.
Supplemental data for: Sex differences in branched-chain amino acid and tryptophan metabolism and pathogenesis of youth-onset type 2 diabetes
<p>Supplemental data for: Sex differences in branched-chain amino acid and tryptophan metabolism and pathogenesis of youth-onset type 2 diabetes. </p><p>Metabolites measured from spot urine samples of youth and adolescents. </p>
Defective interferon signaling in the circulating monocytes of type 2 diabetic mice
<h1>Data Repository for scRNA-seq and Cell Communication Analysis in T2DM Stroke Model</h1> <p>This repository contains the data and Seurat/CellChat objects generated for analyzing the transcriptomic response of peripheral monocytes to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and ischemic stroke in a mouse model. Data were generated using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), bulk RNA-seq, and analysis with NicheNet and CellChat. This study aims to reveal molecular and cellular changes in diabetic and ischemic conditions, particularly focusing on interferon signaling and inflammation.</p> <h2>Repository Structure</h2> <h3>Root Files</h3> <ul> <li> <p><code>README.md</code>: This file, describing the repository and data files.</p> </li> <li> <p><code>cellchat_object/</code>: Contains RDA files for CellChat analysis.</p> </li> <li> <p><code>scrna_sequencing_raw/</code>: Raw scRNA-seq data files.</p> </li> <li> <p><code>seurat_object/</code>: Contains Seurat objects for clustering and visualization.</p> </li> <li> <p><code>trajectory_object/</code>: Contains Cell Data Set (CDS) objects for trajectory and pseudotime analysis.</p> </li> </ul> <h3>File Descriptions</h3> <h4><code>cellchat_object/</code></h4> <ul> <li> <p><strong>dbdb_case_cellchat.rda</strong>: CellChat object for the db/db mice with ischemic stroke. Analysis was conducted to identify cell-cell communication patterns altered due to stroke in diabetic conditions.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>dbdb_control_cellchat.rda</strong>: CellChat object for db/db control (no stroke) mice. Provides baseline data for diabetic conditions.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>dbp_case_cellchat.rda</strong>: CellChat object for the db/+ (normoglycemic) mice with ischemic stroke, representing the stroke model in non-diabetic conditions.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>dbp_control_cellchat.rda</strong>: CellChat object for db/+ control (no stroke) mice. Baseline for non-diabetic, non-stroke conditions.</p> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: CellChat analysis identifies ligand-receptor interactions to reveal cross-talk between monocyte subtypes, focusing on pathways affected by T2DM and stroke. These data provide insights into thromboinflammatory responses, interferon signaling, and immune suppression in diabetic mice.</p> <h4><code>scrna_sequencing_raw/</code></h4> <ul> <li> <p><strong>db_db-DMCAO.zip</strong>: Raw scRNA-seq data for db/db mice post-distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (DMCAO).</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>db_db-Sham.zip</strong>: Raw scRNA-seq data for db/db mice with sham surgery (control).</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>db_pos-Sham.zip</strong>: Raw scRNA-seq data for db/+ mice with sham surgery.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>db_pos-dMCAO.zip</strong>: Raw scRNA-seq data for db/+ mice post-DMCAO.</p> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: scRNA-seq was performed using 10X Genomics GemCode Technology. Data were processed with Cell Ranger (v1.3), and differential gene expression analysis was conducted in Seurat with normalization based on UMI counts.</p> <h4><code>seurat_object/</code></h4> <ul> <li> <p><strong>bloodstroke.rda</strong>: Seurat object containing processed scRNA-seq data of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from both diabetic and normoglycemic mice under stroke and sham conditions. Contains cell clusters annotated using SingleR and the ImmGen database.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>monocytes.rda</strong>: Seurat object specifically for monocytes, enriched through re-clustering in Seurat. Enables focused analysis of monocyte subsets and their responses to diabetic and ischemic conditions.</p> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: Filtering was performed for cells with fewer than 500 detected genes, and data were normalized using log-normalization. Clustering was carried out with PCA and visualized with UMAP.</p> <h4><code>trajectory_object/</code></h4> <ul> <li> <p><strong>dbdb_control_cds.rda</strong>: Cell Data Set (CDS) object for db/db control monocytes, representing baseline differentiation trajectory under diabetic conditions.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>dbdb_stroke_cds.rda</strong>: CDS for db/db stroke monocytes, used to observe pseudotime trajectories and differentiation in diabetic and ischemic states.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>dbp_control_cds.rda</strong>: CDS for db/+ control monocytes, baseline data for normoglycemic mice.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>dbp_stroke_cds.rda</strong>: CDS for db/+ stroke monocytes, tracking pseudotime trajectory in response to ischemic stroke.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>monocytes_cds.rda</strong>: CDS focusing on monocyte trajectory across all experimental conditions, facilitating the comparison of diabetic and normoglycemic trajectories.</p> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: Trajectory analysis was conducted in Monocle 3 to explore cellular differentiation paths. Trajectories reveal potential maturation stages and highlight changes due to T2DM and ischemic conditions.</p> <h2>Methodology Overview</h2> <ol> <li> <p><strong>scRNA-seq and Bulk RNA-seq</strong>: Mononuclear cells were isolated and sequenced using 10X Genomics protocols, with analysis in Seurat to determine cell clusters, particularly monocytes. Bulk RNA-seq was used for pathway validation in broader cell populations.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>CellChat Analysis</strong>: Ligand-receptor interactions were identified in CellChat, analyzing how cell communication changes with T2DM and stroke. Pathways of interest include the Anxa1-Fpr2 axis for thromboinflammation and MHCII-CD4 for immune activation.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Trajectory Analysis</strong>: Using Monocle 3, we investigated monocyte differentiation paths to uncover the effects of T2DM and stroke on cellular progression. Results demonstrate disrupted monocyte differentiation and increased proinflammatory markers in diabetic stroke conditions.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>NicheNet Analysis</strong>: Identified key ligands affecting monocyte gene expression in diabetic versus non-diabetic conditions, highlighting interferon signaling and inflammatory markers such as Ccl6, Ccl9, and Ifng.</p> </li> </ol> <h2>Notes</h2> <ul> <li> <p>Ensure all analyses respect data filtering thresholds as set in Seurat and Monocle.</p> </li> <li> <p>Refer to the manuscript for further details on experimental setup, animal models, and additional context.</p> </li> </ul> <h2>License</h2> <p>Data and scripts are available for non-commercial use under a Creative Commons License.</p>
Dataset for "Glycaemic control is associated with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in vaccinated patients with Type 2 diabetes"
<p>Dataset for "Glycaemic control is associated with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in vaccinated patients with Type 2 diabetes"</p>
Data from: Age and sex as compounding factors in the relationship between cardiac mitochondrial function and type 2 diabetes in the Nile Grass rat
[No abstract entered]
Dataset of "Telemedicine and its acceptance by patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at a single care center during the COVID-19 emergency: A prospective observational study"
<p>Dataset of the article titled "Telemedicine and its acceptance by patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at a single care center during the COVID-19 emergency: A prospective observational study”.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Application of Machine Learning in Chinese Medicine Differentiation of Dampness-heat Pattern in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
<p>Contains a compressed file of algorithm code and raw Excel data</p>
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