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Fig. 8 in Eight new species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from the south-east coast of South Africa (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae)

Fig. 8. Gulella calcicola sp. nov., holotype (NMSA P1675/T4519), length 2.05 mm, width 0.90 mm. A. Aperture view. B. Side view. C. View into aperture. D. Oblique view of base showing umbilicus. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 4 in Eight new species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from the south-east coast of South Africa (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae)

Fig. 4. Gulella mkombeni sp. nov., holotype (NMSA P1674/T4518), length 2.45 mm, width 1.14 mm. A. Aperture view. B. Side view. C. View into aperture. D. Oblique view of base showing umbilicus. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 5 in Eight new species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from the south-east coast of South Africa (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae)

Fig. 5. Gulella donaikeni sp. nov., holotype (NMSA W9640/T4521), length 1.85 mm, width 0.84 mm. A. Aperture view. B. Side view. C. Oblique view into aperture. D. Oblique view of base showing umbilicus. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 2 in Eight new species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from the south-east coast of South Africa (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae)

Fig. 2. Distribution map of Gulella kenbrowni sp. nov. (pink circles), G. fordycei sp. nov. (blue squares), G. mkombeni sp. nov. (green triangles) and G. crookesi sp. nov. (orange square). Contour at 1000 m.

Fig. 1 in Eight new species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from the south-east coast of South Africa (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae)

Fig. 1. Gulella kenbrowni sp. nov., holotype (NMSA P1678/T4524), length 2.20 mm, width 0.95 mm. A. Aperture view. B. Side view. C. Oblique view into aperture. D. Oblique view of base showing umbilicus. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 7 in Eight new species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from the south-east coast of South Africa (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae)

Fig. 7. Gulella crookesi sp. nov., holotype (NMSA P1680/T4526), length 2.44 mm, width 1.17 mm. A. Aperture view. B. Side view. C. View into aperture. D. Oblique view of base showing umbilicus. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 10 in Eight new species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from the south-east coast of South Africa (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae)

Fig. 10. Distribution map of Gulella abbotti sp. nov. (purple triangles) and G. maraisi sp. nov. (orange circles). Contour at 1000 m.

Fig. 6. A in Eight new species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from the south-east coast of South Africa (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae)

Fig. 6. A. Distribution map of Gulella donaikeni sp. nov. (red circles) and G. calcicola sp. nov. (blue triangles) in the Marble Delta region of southern KwaZulu-Natal. B. Google Earth image of distribution of G. donaikeni (red symbols) south of the Mzimkulu River and G. calcicola (blue symbols) north of the Mzimkulu River.

Fig. 9 in Eight new species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from the south-east coast of South Africa (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae)

Fig. 9. Gulella abbotti sp. nov., holotype (NMSA W9602/T4522), length 2.55 mm, width 0.81 mm. A. Aperture view. B. Side view. C. View into aperture. D. Oblique view of base showing umbilicus. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 3 in Eight new species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from the south-east coast of South Africa (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae)

Fig. 3. Gulella fordycei sp. nov., holotype (NMSA P1679/T4525), length 2.34 mm, width 1.06 mm. A. Aperture view. B. Side view. C. Oblique view into aperture. D. Oblique view of base showing umbilicus. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 34 in A Synopsis Of African Metellina (Aranei, Tetragnathidae, Metainae) With Description Of A New Species From South Africa

Fig. 34. Type localities of species from Africa and adjacent islands now considered in Metellina or either described or considered in Meta: 1 — Tetragnatha maculata; 2 — Metellina barreti; 3 — M. minima; 4 — M. villiersi; 5 — M. longipalpis; 6 — M. gertschi; 7 — "Meta" meruensis; 8 — Metellina merianopsis; 9 — M. haddadi sp. n., 10 — Tetragnatha vacillans.

Fig. 5–8 in A Synopsis Of African Metellina (Aranei, Tetragnathidae, Metainae) With Description Of A New Species From South Africa

Fig. 5–8. Male palp of Metellina haddadi sp. n.: 5 — whole palp showing comparative length of segments and length of setae; 6–8 — distal part, ventro-retrolateral, ventral-prolateral and prolateral. Scale bar 0.2 mm. A b b r e v i a t i o n s: Co — conductor; Ct — tip of conductor; Dp — dorsal part of Pl; Eb — base of embolus; Em — embolus; Lp — lateral part of Pl; Pf — deep fovea of paracymbium; Pl — dorso-lateral branch of paracymbium; Pv — ventral branch of paracymbium.

Fig. 29–31 in A Synopsis Of African Metellina (Aranei, Tetragnathidae, Metainae) With Description Of A New Species From South Africa

Fig. 29–31. Epigyne of Metellina haddadi sp. n. ventro-caudal, central and caudal. Scale bar 1 mm. Abbreviations: Af — anterior fovea of epigynal plate; Me — median plate; Pi — shallow pit of Me; Sp — transversal sclerotized plate.

Fig. 9–16 in A Synopsis Of African Metellina (Aranei, Tetragnathidae, Metainae) With Description Of A New Species From South Africa

Fig. 9–16. Copulatory organs of Metellina haddadi sp. n.: 9–11 — bulb, prolateral; ventral and anterior; 12–13 — bulb, anterior-prolateral, different aspects; 14–15 — distal part of male palp, ventral and dorsal; 16 — epigyne, ventral. Scale 0.2 mm, if indicated. A b b r e v i a t i o n s: Co — conductor; Ct — tip of conductor; Dc — deep cavity of Mp; Em — embolus; Ll — lamellate process of Eb; Mp — main part of Eb; Sp — transversal sclerotized plate.

Fig. 20–24 in A Synopsis Of African Metellina (Aranei, Tetragnathidae, Metainae) With Description Of A New Species From South Africa

Fig. 20–24. Male chelicera and bulb of Metellina haddadi sp. n.: 20 —helicera, mesal; 21–22 — distal part of chelicera, mesal-posterior and mesal-anterior; 23–24 — bulb, retrolateral and anterior-retrolateral. Scale bar 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: Co — conductor; Ct — tip of conductor; Em — embolus; Ll — lamellate process of Eb; Mp — main part of embolic base.

Fig. 1–4 in A Synopsis Of African Metellina (Aranei, Tetragnathidae, Metainae) With Description Of A New Species From South Africa

Fig. 1–4. Habitus of Metellina haddadi sp. n.: 1–2 — male, dorsal and lateral; 3–4 — female, lateral and dorsal.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2020View details →

Planning universal accessibility to public healthcare in sub-Saharan Africa

Replication code and data for the the paper "Planning universal accessibility to public healthcare in sub-Saharan Africa".  The tarball contains computer code (in R and javascript) and input data to replicate or update the analysis and the figures, and the result data of baseline and sensitivity analysis model runs. Powerful (or cloud, e.g. Google Earth Engine, RStudio Cloud, or Google Colab) computing facilities are recommended for a successful replication.

dryad40/100

Climatic refugia and reduced extinction correlate with underdispersion in mammals and birds in Africa

Macroevolutionary patterns, often inferred from metrics of community relatedness, are often used to ascertain major evolutionary processes shaping communities. These patterns have been shown to be informative of biogeographic barriers, of habitat suitability and invasibility (especially with regards to environmental filtering), and of regions that function as evolutionary cradles (i.e., sources of diversification) or museums (i.e., regions of reduced extinction). Here, we analysed continental datasets of mammal and bird distributions to identify primary drivers of community evolution on the African continent for mostly-endothermic vertebrates. We find that underdispersion (i.e., relatively low phylogenetic diversity compared to species richness) closely correlates with specific ecoregions that have been identified as climatic refugia in the literature, regardless of whether these specific regions have been touted as cradles or museums. Using theoretical models of identical communities that differ only with respect to extinction rates, we find that even small suppressions of extinction rates can result in underdispersed communities, supporting the hypothesis that climatic stability can lead to underdispersion. We posit that large-scale patterns of under- and overdispersion between regions of similar species richness are more reflective of a particular region's extinction potential, and that the very nature of refugia can lead to underdispersion via the steady accumulation of species richness through diversification within the same ecoregion during climatic cycles. Thus, patterns of environmental filtering can be obfuscated by environments that coincide with biogeographic refugia, and considerations of regional biogeographic history are paramount for inferring macroevolutionary processes. --

opencc-zeroApr 2022View details →

Fatiando a Terra Data: Southern Africa - Topography and Bathymetry

This is a topography and bathymetry grid with a resolution of 1 arc-minute over Southern Africa. The grid was generated by cropping the ETOPO1 global topography grid. The heights are referenced to the mean sea level. Note: This is a processed and formatted version of the source dataset below. It's meant for use in documentation and tutorials of the <a href="https://www.fatiando.org">Fatiando a Terra</a> project. Please cite the original authors when using this dataset. Changes made: Data were cropped to a region that covers only the Southern Africa. Coordinates have been renamed to longitude and latitude. The dataset has been renamed to topography. The metadata of the dataset have been improved following CF-conventions. Source: ETOPO1 <a href="https://doi.org/10.7289/V5C8276M">https://doi.org/10.7289/V5C8276M</a> Source license: <a href="https://ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/global/dem_faq.html#sec-2.4">public domain</a> Repository: <a href="https://github.com/fatiando-data/southern-africa-topography">https://github.com/fatiando-data/southern-africa-topography</a>