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1,063 results for “fig wasp”
Data from: Plant connectivity underlies plant-pollinator-exploiter distributions in Ficus petiolaris and associated pollinating and non-pollinating fig wasps
Mutualism is ubiquitous in nature, and nursery pollination mutualisms provide a system well suited to quantifying the benefits and costs of symbiotic interactions. In nursery pollination mutualisms, pollinators reproduce within the inflorescence they pollinate, with benefits and costs being measured in the numbers of pollinator offspring and seeds produced. This type of mutualism is also typically exploited by seed-consuming non-pollinators that obtain resources from plants without providing pollination services. Theory predicts that the rate at which pollen-bearing "foundresses" visit a plant will strongly affect the plant's production of pollinator offspring, non-pollinator offspring, and seeds. Spatially aggregated plants are predicted to have high rates of foundress visitation, increasing pollinator and seed production, and decreasing non-pollinator production; very high foundress visitation may also decrease seed production indirectly through the production of pollinators. Working with a nursery mutualism comprised of the Sonoran Desert rock fig, Ficus petiolaris, and host-specific pollinating and non-pollinating fig wasps, we use linear models to evaluate four hypotheses linking species interactions to benefits and costs: 1) foundress density increases with host-tree connectivity, 2) pollinator production increases with foundress density, and 3) non-pollinator production and 4) seed production decrease with pollinator production. We also directly test how tree connectivity affects non-pollinator production. We find strong support for our four hypotheses, and we conclude that tree connectivity is a key driver of foundress visitation, thereby strongly affecting spatial distributions in the F. petiolaris community. We also find that foundress visitation decreases at the northernmost edge of the F. petiolaris range. Finally, we find species-specific effects of tree connectivity on non-pollinators to be strongly correlated with previously estimated non-pollinator dispersal abilities. We conclude that plant connectivity is highly important for predicting plant-pollinator-exploiter dynamics, and discuss the implications of our results for species coexistence and adaptation.
FIGURES 7–12. Sycophaga brevis Liu & Huang n in Description of two new species from China in a new species group of the fig wasp genus Sycophaga Westwood (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Agaonidae: Sycophaginae)
FIGURES 7–12. Sycophaga brevis Liu & Huang n. sp. Ƌ. 7, habitus, lateral view; 8, head, dorsal view; 9, head, lateral view 10, pronotum and mesonotum; 11, metanoto-propodeum; 12, spiracle and spiracular process.
FIGURES 41–44 in Revision of the Papua New Guinean fig wasp genus Robertsia Bou ek (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae: Sycoecinae)
FIGURES 41–44. Male mesosoma, dorsal view: 41, Robertsia xylosycia; 42, Robertsia mandibularis; 43, Robertsia vaamondei; 44, Robertsia weibleni.
FIGURES 29–32 in Revision of the Papua New Guinean fig wasp genus Robertsia Bou ek (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae: Sycoecinae)
FIGURES 29–32. Female mesosoma, ventral view: 29, Robertsia xylosycia; 30, Robertsia mandibularis; 31, Robertsia vaamondei; 32, Robertsia weibleni.
FIGURES 45–48 in Revision of the Papua New Guinean fig wasp genus Robertsia Bou ek (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae: Sycoecinae)
FIGURES 45–48. Female, lateral view: 45, Robertsia xylosycia; 46, Robertsia mandibularis; 47, Robertsia vaamondei; 48, Robertsia weibleni.
FIGURES 13–16 in Revision of the Papua New Guinean fig wasp genus Robertsia Bou ek (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae: Sycoecinae)
FIGURES 13–16. Female head, ventral view: 13, Robertsia xylosycia; 14, Robertsia mandibularis; 15, Robertsia vaamondei; 16, Robertsia weibleni.
FIGURES 17–20 in Revision of the Papua New Guinean fig wasp genus Robertsia Bou ek (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae: Sycoecinae)
FIGURES 17–20. Female fore tibia showing tibial armature: 17, Robertsia xylosycia; 18, Robertsia mandibularis; 19, Robertsia vaamondei; 20, Robertsia weibleni.
FIGURES 57–60 in Revision of the Papua New Guinean fig wasp genus Robertsia Bou ek (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae: Sycoecinae)
FIGURES 57–60. Male, dorsal view: 57, Robertsia xylosycia; 58, Robertsia mandibularis; 59, Robertsia vaamondei; 60, Robertsia weibleni.
FIGURES 37–40 in Revision of the Papua New Guinean fig wasp genus Robertsia Bou ek (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae: Sycoecinae)
FIGURES 37–40. Male head, dorsal view: 37, Robertsia xylosycia; 38, Robertsia mandibularis; 39, Robertsia vaamondei; 40, Robertsia weibleni.
FIGURES 49–52 in Revision of the Papua New Guinean fig wasp genus Robertsia Bou ek (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae: Sycoecinae)
FIGURES 49–52. Female, dorsal view: 49, Robertsia xylosycia; 50, Robertsia mandibularis; 51, Robertsia vaamondei; 52, Robertsia weibleni.
FIGURE 61 in Revision of the Papua New Guinean fig wasp genus Robertsia Bou ek (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae: Sycoecinae)
FIGURE 61. Distribution map of Robertsia: and Robertsia xylosycia and Robertsia mandibularis; Robertsia vaamondei; Robertsia weibleni.
FIGURES 25–28 in Revision of the Papua New Guinean fig wasp genus Robertsia Bou ek (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae: Sycoecinae)
FIGURES 25–28. Female mesosoma, lateral view: 25, Robertsia xylosycia; 26, Robertsia mandibularis; 27, Robertsia vaamondei; 28, Robertsia weibleni.
FIGURES 53–56 in Revision of the Papua New Guinean fig wasp genus Robertsia Bou ek (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae: Sycoecinae)
FIGURES 53–56. Male, lateral view: 53, Robertsia xylosycia; 54, Robertsia mandibularis; 55, Robertsia vaamondei; 56, Robertsia weibleni.
FIGURES 9–12 in Revision of the Papua New Guinean fig wasp genus Robertsia Bou ek (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae: Sycoecinae)
FIGURES 9–12. Female head, lateral view: 9, Robertsia xylosycia; 10, Robertsia mandibularis; 11, Robertsia vaamondei; 12, Robertsia weibleni.
FIGURES 33–36 in Revision of the Papua New Guinean fig wasp genus Robertsia Bou ek (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae: Sycoecinae)
FIGURES 33–36. Male habitus: 33, Robertsia xylosycia; 34, Robertsia mandibularis; 35, Robertsia vaamondei; 36, Robertsia weibleni.
FIGURES 5–8 in Revision of the Papua New Guinean fig wasp genus Robertsia Bou ek (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae: Sycoecinae)
FIGURES 5–8. Female head, dorsal view: 5, Robertsia xylosycia; 6, Robertsia mandibularis; 7, Robertsia vaamondei; 8, Robertsia weibleni.
FIGURES 21–24 in Revision of the Papua New Guinean fig wasp genus Robertsia Bou ek (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae: Sycoecinae)
FIGURES 21–24. Female mesosoma, dorsal view: 21, Robertsia xylosycia; 22, Robertsia mandibularis; 23, Robertsia vaamondei; 24, Robertsia weibleni.
FIGURE 7 in First record of the fig wasp genus Diaziella Grandi (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae: Sycoecinae) from the Asian mainland with description of two new species from China
FIGURE 7. Diaziella yangi, paratype specimen, SEM, FEMALE. A, head, dorsal view. B, head, ventral view. C, mesosoma, dorsal view. D, mesosoma, ventral view. E, metasoma terminal segments showing spiracle and hypopygium, lateral view. F, detail of metasomal spiracle.
FIGURE 10 in First record of the fig wasp genus Diaziella Grandi (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae: Sycoecinae) from the Asian mainland with description of two new species from China
FIGURE 10. Diaziella macroptera, non-type specimen (Thailand), female. A, habitus. B, head, frontal view. C, head, lateral view. D, head and mesosoma, dorsal view. E, right forewing.
FIGURE 1 in First record of the fig wasp genus Diaziella Grandi (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae: Sycoecinae) from the Asian mainland with description of two new species from China
FIGURE 1. Diaziella bizzarea, holotype specimen, FEMALE. A, habitus. B, head, frontal view. C, head, lateral view. D, head, mesosoma and metasoma, dorsal view. E, right forewing.
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