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FIG. 1 in A new partial skeleton of a palaeospinacid shark (Neoselachii, Synechodontiformes) from the Albian of northern France, with a review of the taxonomic history of Early Cretaceous species of Synechodus Woodward, 1888

FIG. 1. — Geographical map (A) and Boulonnais beach (B, situation in 1990) between Escalles and Strouanne (northern France); the skeleton of Synechodus sp. (IRScNB P.9895) was collected in 1996 from the clay level exposed at the beach, as indicated by the asterisk (*). Scale bar: B, 500 m.

FIG. 4 in A new partial skeleton of a palaeospinacid shark (Neoselachii, Synechodontiformes) from the Albian of northern France, with a review of the taxonomic history of Early Cretaceous species of Synechodus Woodward, 1888

FIG. 4. — Selected details (in situ) of a partial skeleton of Synechodus sp. (IRScNB P.9895), Saint-Pô Formation (Albian, Lower Cretaceous), Boulonnais beach between Escalles and Strouanne (northern France): A, cluster of anterior teeth; B, cluster of lateral teeth; C, D, patches of dermal denticles; E, precaudal monospondylous vertebrate. Scale bars: A, 250 mm; B, 300 mm; C-E, 150 mm.

FIG. 6 in A new partial skeleton of a palaeospinacid shark (Neoselachii, Synechodontiformes) from the Albian of northern France, with a review of the taxonomic history of Early Cretaceous species of Synechodus Woodward, 1888

FIG. 6. — Associated set of isolated teeth of Synechodus sp. (IRScNB P.9895), Saint-Pô Formation (Albian, Lower Cretaceous), Boulonnais beach between Escalles and Strouanne (northern France): A, anterior; B, antero-lateral; C, D, lateral; E, F, latero-posterior and G, posterior tooth files, in labial (1), lingual (2), occlusal (3) and basal (4) views. Scale bars: A-E, 5 mm; F, 4 mm; G, 2 mm.

FIG. 7 in A new partial skeleton of a palaeospinacid shark (Neoselachii, Synechodontiformes) from the Albian of northern France, with a review of the taxonomic history of Early Cretaceous species of Synechodus Woodward, 1888

FIG. 7. — Micro CT scan of an isolated tooth of Synechodus sp. (IRScNB P.9895), Saint-Pô Formation (Albian, Lower Cretaceous), Boulonnais beach between Escalles and Strouanne (northern France): A, lingual; B, labial; C, basal; D, lateral and E, occlusal views; 3D volume renderings with sagittal (A1-A5), transverse (C1-C2) and frontal (D1-D3) sections showing tooth vascularisation and histology as follows: EN, enameloid; PC, pulp cavity; ORD, orthodentine; OSD, osteodentine; SC, secondary cavities; VC, vascular canaliculi. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIG. 3. — A in A new partial skeleton of a palaeospinacid shark (Neoselachii, Synechodontiformes) from the Albian of northern France, with a review of the taxonomic history of Early Cretaceous species of Synechodus Woodward, 1888

FIG. 3. — A, Partial skeleton of Synechodus sp. (IRScNB P.9895), Saint-Pô Formation (Albian, Lower Cretaceous), Boulonnais beach between Escalles and Strouanne (northern France); B, Same specimen with interpretation of the exoskeleton (hatching) and the endoskeleton, including parts of the neurocranium (red), splanchnocranium (orange), pelvic girdle (beige) and vertebrate column (yellow). Scale bar: 100 mm.

FIG. 9 in A New Species of Forstercooperia (Perissodactyla: Paraceratheriidae) from Northern China with a Systematic Revision of Forstercooperiines

FIG. 9. Scatter plots of length vs. width across P4/p4 and M1/m1 of forstercooperiines. A, scatter plots of P4; B, scatter plots of M1; C, scatter plots of p4; D, scatter plots of m1.

FIG. 7 in A New Species of Forstercooperia (Perissodactyla: Paraceratheriidae) from Northern China with a Systematic Revision of Forstercooperiines

FIG. 7. Dentition of F. ulanshirehensis in lateral and occlusal view. A, IVPP V20154 in lateral view; B, IVPP V20154 in occlusal view; C, IVPP V20156 in occlusal view; D, IVPP V20156 in lateral view.

FIG. 6 in A New Species of Forstercooperia (Perissodactyla: Paraceratheriidae) from Northern China with a Systematic Revision of Forstercooperiines

FIG. 6. Mandibles of F. ulanshirehensis (IVPP V20155) in lateral view. Abbreviations: cdp, condylar process; crp, coronoid process; mf, mandibular foramen; pcp, postcotyloid process.

FIG. 5 in A New Species of Forstercooperia (Perissodactyla: Paraceratheriidae) from Northern China with a Systematic Revision of Forstercooperiines

FIG. 5. Mandibles of F. ulanshirehensis (IVPP V20155) in occlusal view. Abbreviations: cdp, condylar process; crp, coronoid process; pcp, postcotyloid process.

FIG. 2 in A New Species of Forstercooperia (Perissodactyla: Paraceratheriidae) from Northern China with a Systematic Revision of Forstercooperiines

FIG. 2. Cranium of F. ulanshirehensis (AMNH 21608) in lateral view. Abbreviations: for, foramen orbitale; fr, frontal; fro, foramen rotundum; iof, infraorbital foramen; ju, jugal; lc, lacrimal; mr, median ridge of postglenoid process; mx, maxilla; na, nasal; oc, occipital condyle; opf, optic foramen; pa, parietal; pf, preorbital fossa; pgp, postglenoid process; pop, postorbital process; pocp, paroccipital process; ppf, posttympanic-paroccipital foramen; ptp, posttympanic process; sc, sagittal crest; sq, squamosal; tc, temporal crest.

FIG. 1 in A New Species of Forstercooperia (Perissodactyla: Paraceratheriidae) from Northern China with a Systematic Revision of Forstercooperiines

FIG. 1. Location of the main fossil localities in the Erlian Basin. Three localities (Irdian Manha, Wulantaolegai, and Wulanhuxiu), where the new specimens of F. ulanshirehensis were unearthed, are marked by red solid stars. Black solid circles represent other known fossil localities, solid squares denote cities or counties, and open circles denote towns and villages. This figure is modified from Wang et al., (2010).

FIG. 4 in A New Species of Forstercooperia (Perissodactyla: Paraceratheriidae) from Northern China with a Systematic Revision of Forstercooperiines

FIG. 4. Cranium of F. ulanshirehensis (AMNH 21608) in ventral view. Abbreviations: bo, basioccipital; bs, basisphenoid; gch, partial great cornu of hyoid; hf, hypoglossal foramen; ju, jugal; mr, median ridge of postglenoid process; mx, maxilla; oc, occipital condyle; of, oval foramen; pac, posterior opening of the alisphenoid canal; pal, palatine; pgp, postglenoid process; pocp, paroccipital process; ppa, pterygoid process of alisphenoid; ptp, posttympanic process.

FIG. 8 in A New Species of Forstercooperia (Perissodactyla: Paraceratheriidae) from Northern China with a Systematic Revision of Forstercooperiines

FIG. 8. Dentition of F. ulanshirehensis in occlusal and lateral view (AMNH 22101). A, occlusal view; B, lateral view.

Fig. 20 in Rare Snakes-Five New Species from Eastern Panama: Reviews of Northern Atractus and Southern Geophis (Colubridae: Dipsadinae)

Fig. 20. Hemipenes of Geophis. Rightside organs shown at same scale (×6.7) in sulcate and asulcate view. A. Geophis brachycephalus, from a highland population with pattern polymorphism (UMMZ 57958; Boquete, western Panama). B. Geophis, species inquirenda, from Atlanticversant population apparently lacking pattern polymorphism (La Loma, western Panama; MCZ 19326).

Fig. 18 in Rare Snakes-Five New Species from Eastern Panama: Reviews of Northern Atractus and Southern Geophis (Colubridae: Dipsadinae)

Fig. 18. Geophis brachycephalus (Cope), a juvenile male from the PiedrasPacora Ridge in central Panama (GML specimen, 202 mm total length; see fig. 15B for lateral view of head).

Fig. 19 in Rare Snakes-Five New Species from Eastern Panama: Reviews of Northern Atractus and Southern Geophis (Colubridae: Dipsadinae)

Fig. 19. Geophis, species inquirenda? A specimen (AMNH 114317♀) collected in 1976 near the Fortuna Dam Site (prior to construction), 1000 m, upper valley of the Río Chiriquí (Chiriquí Province, western Panama). Although it is Pacific drainage, the highland valley has a climate comparable to that of the Atlantic versant. Pending further investigation, four female Geophis from the area are tentatively associated with unicolored specimens from the Atlantic versant of western Panama.

Fig. 15 in Rare Snakes-Five New Species from Eastern Panama: Reviews of Northern Atractus and Southern Geophis (Colubridae: Dipsadinae)

Fig. 15. Heads of Geophis, all ×4.5. A. Colombian holotype of G. nigroalbus, juvenile male 134 mm total length (see fig. 16 for whole body). B. Central Panamanian specimen of G. brachycephalus (GML), juvenile male 202 mm total length (see fig. 18 for whole body). C. Central Panamanian holotype of G. bellus, new species, an adult male 201 mm total length (pale lateral streak behind head band is reflected light; body uniform black above and below, as seen in fig. 11).

Fig. 10 in Rare Snakes-Five New Species from Eastern Panama: Reviews of Northern Atractus and Southern Geophis (Colubridae: Dipsadinae)

Fig. 10. Atractus imperfectus, new species. Dorsal and ventral view of the only known specimen (MCZ 50213, holotype), ×2.8. Collected for the old Panamanian snake census in 1936, this imperfect specimen was the first Atractus from Panama.

Fig. 13 in Rare Snakes-Five New Species from Eastern Panama: Reviews of Northern Atractus and Southern Geophis (Colubridae: Dipsadinae)

Fig. 13. Right maxilla of Geophis bellus, new species (holotype), shown in lateral and ventral views.

Fig. 12 in Rare Snakes-Five New Species from Eastern Panama: Reviews of Northern Atractus and Southern Geophis (Colubridae: Dipsadinae)

Fig. 12. Head scutellation of Geophis bellus, new species (holotype), ×6. Fifth supralabial and posterior temporal shown in gray in lateral views.